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Assessment Of Woody Plant Species Richness And Diversity Of Coffee Forest In Dhidhesa District, Buno Bedelle Zone Oromia Region, Southwest Ethiopia.
No full textWoody species in Coffee forestland plays significant indicator for woody plant species
investigation. The study conducted to investigate woody species richness, diversity and
evenness on Coffee forestland in Dhidhesa district of Buno Bedele zone Oromia
regional State. The study cover three-selected kebele (Geshe, Garado, and Gepha)
based on the presence of coffee forests, aimed to asses’ woody plant species richness
and diversity in coffee forest of Dhidhesa district. It used as reference or clue for
farther investigation and contribute to raising public awareness on the value of the
woody plant species in the coffee farm field. Purposively three-study kebele selected and
Systematic random sampling applied to locate sample quadrat. Systematically Sample
quadrat taken from land uses of coffee plantation. Ten sample quadrat from each kebele
of coffee plantation land uses was laid at about 100 meters’ distance interval from each
other. Along the transect lines, Ten sample quadrat measuring 20 m × 20 m (400 m2)
were laid down at 100 m interval from each other and total sample was 30 quadrats
with (1200 m2 ) in coffee farm field. A total of 22 trees species belonging to 16 plant
families were recorded on the Coffee forest land at study sites. In the study area, the
frequency of woody species occurrence on coffee forest recorded. Croton
macrostachyus, Cordia africana, Albizia gummifera, Olea africana, Syzygium
guineense and Podocarpus falcatus were among the most frequent tree. The results of
this study have shown that woody species inventory on coffee forest provided baseline
information on existing situation of woody species richness, diversity, evenness,
frequency, and basal area. To assess the diversity of woody species on coffee forest
across the study sites. In this study, general conclusion was present based on the woody
plant species diversity survey of observation in the study area. Raising the amount of
woody species diversity in Coffee forest at the study area and encourage awareness of
local people in diversifying, conserving and sustainability using of woody plant species
of coffee forest should be cared out. Finally, the present study is limited to woody plant
species richness, diversity and evenness then further studies on environmental
parameters, forest management, land use management system, conservation system, on
woody plant species
Juvenile Delinquency among Adolescents in Secondary Schools at Gambella administrative Town: Prevalence, causes and corrective strategies
No full textJuvenile delinquency significantly contributes for existence of anti-social behavior which
causes political, social and economic instability of the country. In the region as whole
juvenile delinquency behavior was disturbing peace and security. The study was aimed at
assessing juvenile delinquency and social behavior the case of secondary school students
located in Gambella town administration, South Western Ethiopia. Qualitative and
quantitative approach was employed to conduct this study. Gambella Secondary School and
Newland secondary school students were selected randomly from total secondary schools
found in Gambella town. Using simple random sampling technique and purposive selection,
358 respondents were selected from 5292 of total respondents. Data was collected from
primary source. Descriptive statistics and observational analysis was used to analyze data
collected from respondents. The study finding shows that types of juvenile delinquency were
gang involvement (hanging activities), exam malpractice (cheating) alcohol involvement,
beatings, drug use behavior, robbery and ethnic conflict involvement. Causes of juvenile
delinquency were also identified and includes Lack of communication with their families (
lack of advice from parents) peers influence, lack of social training, lack of income, broken
family (divorce of mother and father), ethnic conflict, political instability and lack of literacy
from parents. Concerning to corrective measures taken against juvenile delinquency
behavior condemned the juveniles, parent child interaction training, using juvenile justice
system, education and preparing recreation centers for juveniles, preparing awareness on
effects of delinquency, identifying its causes and correcting it and training juveniles’ family
on how to manage their children. Juvenile delinquency was potential problem in the study
area because majority of villages and the towns were controlled by delinquent juveniles. This
is because there was weak legal implementation to control delinquent boys and girls.
Generally the study result concludes that there are so many numbers of causes of juvenile
delinquency behavior which forms different types and a corrective measure taken was very
weak. Therefore, it is recommended if local government finds solution for highly expanding
juvenile delinquency behavior in the region by collaboratively working with juvenile parents,
NGOs, school communities and other stakeholders
Assessing Impact of Human Activity and local community attitude on Wildlife Conservation: The Case of Tiro Boter Bacho Natural Forest, Jimma Zone, Oromia National, Regional State and Southwest Ethiopia.
No full textA study on the impact of human activity and local community perception towards wildlife
conservation in Tiro Boter Bacho forest was conducted in four purposely selected Kebeles of
Nedhi Gibe district of Jimma zone .The objective of the study was to assess impact of human
activity and local community attitude on wildlife conservation. Personal observation and formal
discussion were used to identify the study site. Four Kebeles of the district that have common
boundary with the forest were purposively selected for this study. Data were collected from
different respondents at a single point in time. For this study, 183 respondents were selected both
by simple random sampling from the householders. Interviewers were selected by purposive
sampling from local community elders, Woreda and Kebele level agricultural experts and Kebele
administrators. Personal observation, Interview and questionnaire were employed as data
gathering method. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data. Chi Square (χ²) test
was used to determine association between categorical variables. From the result of the study,
human activity that adversely affect wildlife resource were farmland expansion for agricultural
purpose 60 (32.8%) and human wildlife conflict 44 (24.1%) in order of importance in the study
area. Trend of wildlife population in the study area declined from time to time due to human
impact such as forest clearing for farmland expansions (41%) and removing of fuel wood for
market (35.5 %), and the growing of livestock grazing in the site. The attitude of local
community towards wildlife is negative 87 (47.5%) because of increase in wildlife induced
damage like crop raiding and predation, lack of awareness and less attention given by
government. The study reveals that 118 (64.5%) of the respondents in the study area responded
that they did not have awareness about wildlife conservation. On the contrary 52 (28.4%) of the
respondents expressed as they have awareness about wildlife conservation and about 13 (7.1%)
of the respondents have no idea on the issue. In conclusion, the study revealed human activity is
one of the most important factors that have impact on wildlife and its conservations. Therefore,
awareness creation programs should be organized in the community and it will help to reduce
wildlife threats and to improve the local community attitude, participating the local community
in the decision making process to increase sustainable conservation of wildlife
Husband Support and Intention to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Reproductive Age Women I in Manna Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024
No full textBackground: Most developing countries face a serious public health problem with
cervical cancer. Despite the importance of screening to reduce cervical cancer
related mortality and morbidity, the cervical cancer screening remains low in
Ethiopia. Husband social support is one of the key factors impacting women’s health
behaviors such as early cervical cancer screening.
Objectives: This study was aimed To assess husband Support, and women Intention to Cervical
Cancer Screening among Women age between 30-49 years in Manna Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia,
2024
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Manna Woreda, Southwest
Ethiopia, among women between the ages of 30 and 49. Based on the inclusion criteria, 253
participants were selected from 8 Kebeles from total of 26 Kebeles, which are selected by simple
random sampling technique. Structured questioners were prepared to collect data on socio
demographic characters, knowledge about cervical cancer, husband support and screening
intention. Quantitative data was collected by interviewing participants. The variables having p <
0.05 in multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered statistically significant with
95% confident interval.
Results: A Total of 250 women’s were interviewed and 240 of women’s were completed
appropriately with a response rate of 96%. The mean age of participants was 35.57 ± SD 4.69
years. Majority of respondent’s husband 169(70.4) were farmers (Unemployed) and the rest are
Employed (government employed and merchants). Almost half of the participants 121(50.4%) get
their husband supports. Majority of participants 166(69.2%) of women were intended to have
cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression shows that Husband support AOR=0.17, 95%CI
(0.08-0.35) P=0.00, Husband occupation AOR=0.38, 95%CI (0.15-0.92) P=0.032 are associated
to intention of women for cervical cancer screening.
Conclusion: The intention to CCS among women aged 30-49 years in Manna Woreda was
relatively higher compared to other studies conducted across Ethiopia. To boost screening
intentions and reduce morbidity and mortality, it is essential to implement programs on husbands
to enhance about cervical cancer and its screening benefits
Predictors of Overweight and Obese Among Postpartum Women in Seka Chekorsa District Jimma Zone Southwest Ethiopia, 2024
No full textIntroduction: Postpartum women in Ethiopia are increasingly facing the challenge of over
nutrition and its associated metabolic risks, including chronic diseases like diabetes and heart
disease. This excessive weight gain is particularly concerning as it impacts the long-term health
of both mothers and their children, potentially increasing the child's future risk of metabolic
disorders. Understanding the specific factors contributing to over nutrition in this population is
crucial for developing targeted interventions to promote healthy dietary practices and reduce
metabolic complications.
Objective: To assess the magnitude and identify the predictors of overweight and obesity in the
postpartum period among women in Seka Chekorsa district, Jimma zone, Ethiopia, in 2024.
Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum
mothers in Seka Chekorsa district. Postpartum mothers who had resided in selected kebeles for at
least six months were included. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 604
participants. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula based
on a 4% marginal error, 95% confidence interval, and an estimated prevalence of 35.4% for
overweight/obesity among postpartum women, adjusted for a 10% non-response rate. A
structured, pre-tested, and translated questionnaire collected socio-demographic, behavioral, and
anthropometric data (weight and height using standardized techniques). Data quality was ensured
through rigorous training, supervision, and daily cross-checking. Data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with overweight
and obesity.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among postpartum women in Seka Chekorsa
District was found to be 24.83% of the 604 postpartum women studied (75% rural, 25% urban),
significant predictors of overweight and obesity included older maternal age (35+ years,
AOR=1.90), high socioeconomic status (AOR=1.80), and higher parity (5+ pregnancies,
AOR=2.20). Dietary factors were crucial, with primary consumption of processed foods
(AOR=2.40) and frequent sugary drink intake (AOR=7.50) increasing the odds, while
consuming 2-4 daily servings of fruits and vegetables (AOR=0.60) was protective. Engaging in
moderate-intensity physical activity for 1-2 days (AOR=0.58) and 3-4 days (AOR=0.55) per
week were associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity compared to no activity.
Higher health literacy was also associated with lower odds. Notably, compared to those very
dissatisfied with their body image, postpartum women reporting less dissatisfaction or more
satisfaction had significantly lower odds of being overweight/obese. Urban residence showed a
non-significant trend towards increased odds (p=0.063).
Conclusion: This study in Seka Chekorsa District, Jimma Zone, identifies older maternal age,
higher socioeconomic status, and increased parity as significant socio-demographic risk factors
for overweight and obesity among postpartum women in this specific region of Southwest
Ethiopia. Behavioral factors such as high consumption of processed foods and sugary drinks, and
low fruit/vegetable intake increased the odds, while moderate physical activity and higher health
literacy were protective. Furthermore, postpartum women who reported greater satisfaction or
less dissatisfaction with their body image had lower odds of overweight/obesity
Level of Indoor Air Pollutants Concentration, Self-Reported Health Problems, and Associated Factors among Woodworking Enterprises in Jimma City, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Woodworking is a labor-intensive occupation that plays a vital role in the economies of
developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, workers are often exposed to occupational hazards
such as wood dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and poor indoor air quality, which can
adversely affect their health. Despite these risks, limited research has examined health problems and
contributing factors among woodworkers in Ethiopia, particularly in small-scale enterprises. This study
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aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported health problems, indoor air pollutant concentrations, and
associated factors among woodworkers in Jimma City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 randomly selected woodworkers. Self-
reported health problems were assessed using a modified ATS questionnaire by reviewing different
literatures. PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ were measured with a Hold Peak 5800D dust detector, while TVOCs and
CO₂ were measured using an Aeroqual Series 500. Temperature and humidity were recorded with a
digital thermo-hygrometer. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to
identify independent predictors of health problems, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of self-reported health problems among woodworkers was 88.5%. Among
enterprises, 41.5% had PM₂.₅ ≥3 mg/m³, 43.8% had PM₁₀ ≥10 mg/m³, and 25.4% had TVOCs >1000
µg/m³. Workers above the age of 35 years old were more likely to report health problems (AOR = 3.10;
p = 0.041), whereas workers having higher education, income, and greater than 3 years of experience
reported lower health issues. Workers working in sanding, painting, and assembling department showed
the risk of exposure by about two-folds (AOR = 1.8–3.9). Similarly, workers working more than 8
hours/day, lack of safety training, smoking, use alcohol, khat chewing, and physical inactive are more
likely reported health problems (AOR = 2.9–3.8). Elevated PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, TVOCs, CO₂, high
temperature, and humidity were all significantly associated with increased health problems.
Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence (88.5%) of self-reported health problems among
woodworkers in Jimma City, significantly associated with occupational exposures to PM₂.₅, PM₁₀,
TVOCs, CO₂, elevated temperature, and relative humidity. Additional risk factors included working in
sanding, painting, and assembling departments, prolonged working hours, and unhealthy personal
behaviors. These findings emphasize the need for targeted workplace interventions to enhance air
quality, ensure consistent use of personal protective equipment, and promote health education to reduce
occupational health risks
Assessment of the level of selected heavy metals (Hg and Pb) in water, sediment, and fish muscle from gold mining sites: A case study in Dima district, Gambela, Southwest Ethiopia
No full textBackground Artisanal small scales gold mining is a common economic activity in many
developing regions, providing livelihoods for local communities. However, this practice
often comes at a significant environmental cost. Gold mining in the stud y areas potentially
contaminates the aquatic environment since the mining tailings from the amalgamation
process are directly discharged into the water body. Due to these practices, mining and
agricultural activity in the catchment area of the Akobo River are suspected of adding to the
streams connected to the river’s heavy metal load. However, no previous study has been
done on the levels of selected heavy metals in the Akobo River.
Objectives. The study aimed to assess the level of selected heavy metals Hg and Pb in water,
sediment, and the muscles of six fish species collected from the gold mining site.
Methods. This study was conducted in the Dima district of Gambela, Ethiopia, specifically
at the Akobo River and gold mining sites. It utilized a cross-sectional research design. A total
of thirty samples were collected from July 18 to 19, 2022, which included twelve water
samples, twelve sediment samples, and six distinct fish samples. The levels of lead (Pb) and
mercury (Hg) were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP
MS). The results were analyzed and compared across sites using a one-way analysis of
variance (ANOVA)
Results. The finding indicated that Hg was below the detected limit in the water, while Pb
ranges 0.52±0.006 to 0.58±0.010 mg/L. In sediments ranges between 0.177±0.002 to
0.272±0.002 mg/kg, and Hg ranges between 0.034±0.001 to 0.084±0.001 mg/kg dry weight,
respectively. In the fish samples range between 2.313±0.002 to 3.306±0.002 mg/kg, And Pb
ranges 0.195±0.002 to 0.247±0.015 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Therefore, in the water
sample was above the WHO (2011) permissible limits. While Pb and Hg in sediment were
below TEL and (ERL) set by CCME and NOAA. Hg and Pb in the fish sample were above
the threshold limit by FAO/WHO. The highest Hg and Pb levels were reported in B. docmak,
3.306±0.002 mg/kg and 0.247±0.015 mg/kg, followed by S. filamentosus, 2.313±0.002 mg/kg
and 0.206±0.002 mg/kg dry weight, respectively, where both fish were collected at the same
station, ST-3 (downstream).
Conclusion: Therefore, Akobo River fish and water are not suitable for food, Drinking and
other domestic purposes, such as cooking and washing, since the level of heavy metals Hg
and Pb level, which are known to be carcinogens, were exceeded the safe limit set by the
Ethiopian standard (ESA, 2013) and (FAO/WHO, 2011).
Recommendation: Regional and local authorities should aware communities on the health
and environmental risks of heavy metal exposure. Stakeholder must regularly monitor fish,
water, and sediment quality to track pollution levels. Regulatory bodies should enforce strict
waste control measures for mining facilities. Sustainable mining and agricultural practices
must be promoted to protect the Akobo River and public health
Impact of Nutritional Status on Survival among Children with World Health Organization Tracer Cancers Patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
No full textIntroduction: According to the WHO, more than 1,000 children with cancer are diagnosed every day
worldwide. The WHO tracer cancers are a diverse and heterogeneous group of cancers that collectively
represent 50–60% of childhood cancers. These tracer cancers have potential for cure if diagnosed early
and treated with available standard care, indicating the quality of cancer care. Malnutrition is a common
complication and a highly prevalent comorbidity in children with these cancers and affects survival.
There are limited studies regarding the impact of nutritional status on these cancers in Ethiopia.
Objectives: To evaluate the impacts of nutritional status on survival among children with WHO tracer
cancers at Jimma University Medical Center from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2023.
Methods: A hospital-based 5-year retrospective cohort study was used. Children diagnosed with WHO
tracer cancers between 2019 and 2023 were included. A sample size of 244 (122 for each cohort) was
determined by using Epi Info 7 based on malnutrition as the exposure. The stratified-proportional
sampling technique was used by year and type of cancer. Data were extracted from medical records
using a structured questionnaire. SPSS version 27.0 and Stata/SE 14 were used for analysis.
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier survival
curves, along with the log-rank test, were used to determine and compare the survival probabilities
over time. The results from the Cox proportional hazard model were presented as hazard ratios along
with 95% confidence intervals. The P < 0.05 was set as statistical significance.
Results: In this study, a total of 244 children with WHO tracer cancers were included. Males accounted
for 127(56.70%). Median (interquartile range) age was 5[4, 9] years. Out of 122 malnourished children,
82.79% had severe acute malnutrition. During the total 3466.08 person-months follow-up, 82 (33.61%)
deaths occurred, and the overall incidence of death rate was 23.66 cases per 1000 person-months. The
overall median survival time was 27.07 months (95% CI: 11.07 - 43.07). Malnutrition (AHR=4.687,
95% CI: 2.670 - 8.228, P<0.001), Metastatic stage of cancer (AHR=2.030, 95% CI: 1.253 - 3.290, P =
0.004), and presence of comorbid condition (AHR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.057 - 2.893, P = 0.029) were
independent predictors of mortality. Furthermore, inverse-probability-weighted analysis findings
indicated that malnutrition shortened survival by 14.94 months (95% CI: [-27.8, -2.1], p = 0.023).
Conclusion and recommendations: The presence of malnutrition, metastasized cancer, and comorbid
conditions increases the risk of mortality among children with WHO tracer cancers. A comprehensive
care strategy that includes routine nutritional screening at diagnosis and interventions throughout the
care process to improve survival in children with WHO tracer cancer is an essential step of care
Assessing water demand and supply in the Upper Indus Basin using integrated hydrological modeling under varied socioeconomic scenarios
Full text linkThis study projects future water demand scenarios in the Upper Indus Basin, focusing on reference, high population growth,
increased irrigation, and lower population growth scenarios. The baseline scenario indicates a significant rise in water
demand from 35.74 billion cubic meters (BCMs) in 2020 to 60.28 BCM by 2035, driven by population growth and increased
domestic water consumption. High population growth exacerbates this demand, reaching 62.96 BCM by 2035. This research
aims to address domestic water needs under various growth scenarios, considering factors such as population growth rate
and per capita consumption. The study employs integrated hydrological modeling to simulate water demand under different
socioeconomic conditions. Key methods include analyzing baseline water demand, projecting future scenarios, and evaluat
ing the impact of increased irrigation and population growth on water resources. Results reveal that without intervention,
stagnant water supply management will lead to severe water shortages. Increased irrigation, influenced by a 3% growth in
irrigated land, pushes agricultural water demand to 56.37 BCM by 2035. Mitigation efforts, such as a 15% reduction in
domestic water consumption, could decrease overall demand to 51.23 BCM by 2035. Further reductions are explored through
a 50% cut in agricultural water consumption, involving efficient irrigation techniques. The study highlights the critical role
of technology and farmer awareness in achieving these reductions, despite current irrigation scheme losses of 20%. A lower
population growth scenario shows a contrasting trend, with water demand decreasing to 49.11 BCM by 2035, attributed to a
1.8% population growth rate and decreased per capita consumption to 82 m3 per day. These findings underscore the impor
tance of proactive water management strategies, technological advancements, and demographic considerations in addressing
future water demand challenges in the Upper Indus Basin. This research provides proper insight into the impact of varied
socioeconomic scenarios on water resources and the necessity for strategic interventions
Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram Profile of Salmonella pathogen from free ranging Chicken Cloacal Swabs in Konta-Zone South West Ethiopia
No full textSalmonellosis is the major food born disease in the world with series public health problem. A
cross sectional study was conducted from march to June 2024 to determine the prevalence of
Salmonella in the study area to isolate, identify, and antimicrobial resistance profile of
Salmonella species in chicken cloacal swabs from the Konta Zone of Southwest Ethiopia. A
total of 384 cloacal swab samples from backyard poultry farms raising exotic, local, and
hybrid breeds. The descriptive statistic method was used for analysis to determine the
significance of difference or variation of prevalence. The study was conducted utilizing the
conventional methods and the biochemical tests were done for the detection of Salmonella
sp