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A mathematical computer model for estimating phase weight/ atomic fractions for iron slags’ system (SiO2-Al203-CaO-MgO) at subsolidus temperatures
No full textIn this study, the 3 dimensional description of the quaternary subsolidus slag system aluminasilicacalciamagnesia is evaluated using Mathematica programming based on previous experimental research data. The lever rule in the tetrahedra is then applied for a given arbitrary liquid composition %A ? %B ? %C ? %D = 100 in order to calculate the solid phases present (neglecting solid solutions) with their relative proportions after the solidification is completed. A novel transformation and algorithm are then developed using simple geometry and Matlab programming which can also be used for other subsolidus systems in case appropriate data are provided
Foreigners, national people, population – basic terms of international law in change due to migration and integration
No full textDer durch historische Ereignisse wie die Französische Revolution geprägte Staat als Nation knüpft an eine Homogenität der gesellschaftlich-politischen Einheit. Dieses Volk als souveränes,,Staatsvolk‘‘ der Eigenen, grenzt sich durch seine Staatsangehörigkeit von den Fremden (Ausländern) ab, da ihm durch die einfachgesetzlich regulierbare Zuordnung demokratische Legitimation und politische Teilhaberechte zukommen. Das Beispiel Deutschlands zeigt, dass Migrationsgesellschaften diesen tradierten Zustand herausfordern, da aufgrund des hohen Ausländeranteils die Kongruenz zwischen Regierenden und Regierten nicht gegeben ist. Identitätspostulate, Einbürgerungskriterien und unterschiedliche Vorstellungen von Integration stellen auch vor Augen der Abgrenzung zur Assimilation gewisse Erschwernisse für eine Harmonisierung dieser Diskrepanz zwecks Solidarität und sozialer Akzeptanz dar. Dabei genießen die inländischen Ausländer mittlerweile größtenteils dieselben Grund- und Menschenrechte sowie sozialen Rechte wie die Eigenen. Ursächlich dafür sind Faktoren wie die Internationalisierung der Rechtsordnung, die zunehmende Bedeutung der universellen Menschenrechte sowie die Europäische Integration. Der zeitgleiche Paradigmenwechsel im Völkerrecht von der Mediatisierung des Einzelnen hin zu seiner Subjektstellung wird durch die Idee der Menschenrechte angetrieben und entwickelt zunehmend eine eigenständige rechtliche Stellung innerstaatlicher Fremder, Staatenloser und Einzelner im Völkerrecht. Dies wirft demokratie- und verfassungstheoretisch sowie menschenrechtlich begründete Zweifel am Volksbegriff auf und gibt Anlass zur Rede vom Recht der Bevölkerungen statt vom Recht der Staatsvölker. Erarbeitet wurde die Untersuchung hauptsächlich durch Literatur zur Allgemeinen Staatslehre, zum Verfassungsrecht und ihrer Theorie sowie durch teils aktuelle mediale als auch schrifttümliche Beiträge zur politisch brisanten Integrationsdebatte in Deutschland. Einhergehend damit wird richtungsweisend auf sämtliche Beschlüsse und Urteile des Bundesverfassungsgerichts, des Europäischen Gerichtshofs sowie des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte Bezug genommen. Zudem beinhaltet die Arbeit eine Vielzahl von Gegenüberstellungen, um die in der Thematik ausschlaggebenden Kontrastierungen zu unterstreichen. Angesichts der gesellschaftspolitischen Bedeutung bedient sich die Untersuchung auch an philosophischen sowie politikwissenschaftlichen Quellen und positioniert sich im Lichte der literarischen Mindermeinung zwecks verfassungsschützender Grundposition ,,gegen (radikal) rechts‘The state as a nation, (in)directly shaped by influences such as the French Revolution, is linked to the homogeneity of a socio-political unit. This people, as a sovereign national people, distinguishes itself from the foreigners because of its nationality/citizenship since it has democratic legitimacy and political rights to participate through the simple legally regulated relation. The example of Germany shows that migration societies are challenging this traditioned status, since due to the high proportion of foreigners, there is no congruence between those who reign and those who are reigned. Identity postulates, naturalization criteria and different concepts of integration make it difficult to harmonize this discrepancy for the purpose of solidarity, also in view of the distinction from assimilation. Foreigners now largely enjoy the same fundamental and human rights as well as social rights as the own natives. This is also due to European integration. The simultaneous paradigm shift in international law, from the mediatization of the individual to his position as a subject, is driven by the idea of human rights and is increasingly developing an independent legal position for domestic aliens/foreigners, stateless persons and individuals in international law. This raises doubts about the concept of the people (Volk), that are based on human rights and democratic and constitutional theory and gives reason to talk henceforth about the rights of the populations instead of the rights of the (national) peoples of the state. The research was mainly supported by the existing literature on general theory of state, constitutional law and theory, as well as mediatic sources and concept comparisons that brought the current political debates and the concept of integration to the agenda. However, references were made to the decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Considering the socio-political importance of the subject, the research is making use of the sources of philosophy and political science and is positioned in the light of the literary minority opinion with the goal of protecting the constitution against the "(radical) right" movemen
Climate change disclosures of companies in selected developed and emerging countries with impression management perspective
No full textThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent the leading governance frame with which the international community tries to address complex interconnected global issues. The SDGs were adopted in 2015 by all 193 UN member states and were also quickly embraced by most Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), International NGOs and leading business schools. But progress has proved slow. In 2020, the United Nations announced a ’decade of action’ to speed-up progress in the area. To what extent and under what circumstances can MNEs help in this effort: revitalize the SDGs and rescue the beneficial effects of globalization
Estimation of horizontal displacements for geosynthetic reinforced soil wall
Get PDFNowadays, the geotechnical design trend is increasingly heading towards the serviceability limit state. However, the current practice in the design of geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) walls mostly relies on ultimate limit state. Commonly available design software programs provide typical factor of safety values against various failure modes. With increasing height and variability in GRS walls, the deformation characteristics of the GRS walls also become an important parameter in the design. In this paper, an expression has been developed to predict the horizontal deformation of a GRS wall using a set of data obtained from about sixty-four finite element model configurations. The horizontal deformation expression includes wall height, internal friction angle and elastic modulus of backfill, length, spacing and stiffness of geosynthetic reinforcements. It has been found out that all these parameters contribute to the horizontal displacement of a GRS wall. In addition, some comparisons have been made to reveal the influence of each individual parameter on the horizontal displacement of the wall
Circular intuitionistic fuzzy decision making and its application
No full textCircular intuitionistic fuzzy set (C-IFS) is introduced by Atanassov in 2020 as an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. It is represented by a circle with a radius (r) of each element consist of degrees of membership and nonmembership. Several MCDM methods based on distance measures of C-IFS are already proposed in the literature. The primary objective of this study is the development, with the use of the C-IFS, of a new formulation of functions to form a novel C-IFS multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method. In addition to the existing literature, this study contributes to circular intuitionistic fuzzy sets by proposing some formulations on radius calculation and a new defuzzification function for C-IFS. The optimistic and pessimistic points are also defined on the set to identify a novel score function and an accuracy function with decision-makers attitude (?). When the perspective of the decision-maker (?) approaches 1, it means that C-IFS is defuzzified close to its optimistic point, and when the perspective (?) approaches 0, it is defuzzified close to the pessimistic point of C-IFS. With the use of these functions, a novel C-IFS MCDM method is presented based on criteria weighting and alternative ranking algorithms. This technique is applied to a supplier selection problem for a seamless supply chain network. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to test the effect of parameter changes on the final results. The findings of the study are compared with the results of a classical IFS-MCDM model. Since C-IFS is an extension of IFS, in addition to similar rankings, more precise results are obtained by considering the optimistic and pessimistic points by including the decision-maker attitude in the functions proposed for C-IFS. The study is a pioneer in the C-IFS literature by presenting C-IFS defuzzification function and a new C-IFS MCDM procedure
Yargıtay ve BAM kararları ışığında istihkak davası İİK m. 96–99
No full textBu kitapta Yargıtay ve bölge adliye mahkemesi hukuk dairelerinin ağırlıklı olarak 2022 yılında (ve kısmen 2021 yılında) istihkak davalarıyla ilgili olarak verdikleri kararların önemli görülenlerinin bir kısmı derlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, uygulamada (2022 yılında -kısmen 2021 yılında- verilen kararlar göz önünde tutularak) bu davalarla ilgili en çok karşılaşılan sorunları tespit etmek ve bulunan çözümleri okuyucuya aktarmaktır. Bu bağ¬amda istihkak iddiasının ileri sürülüş biçimi, icra mahkemesinin takibin devamı veya taliki hakkında verdiği kararın kapsamı, istihkak davası bakımından geçerli bir haczin varlığının önemi, istihkak davasının konusuz kalması, istihkak davasında ispat, istihkak davasına karşı iptal davası açılması ve istihkak davasında yargılama giderleri gibi birçok konu çalışmamızda kendisine yer bulmuştur
Assistierter suizid in Deutschland
Get PDFSon dönemlerde sıklıkla tartışılan ölme hakkı, kişisel özerkliğe verilen önemin artmasıyla özel yaşama saygı hakkının sınırlarının yeniden tanımlamaya çalışma çabasıdır. Özel yaşama saygının bir boyutu olarak değerlendirilen kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı ile yaşam hakkının çatışması olan ölme hakkından, kişinin kendi özgür iradesi ile yaşamını bir başkasının eliyle (ötanazi) ya da yardımıyla (yardımlı intihar) sonlandırması anlaşılır. Ölme hakkının en liberal şekilde uygulama bulduğu ülkelere komşu olan Almanya’da bu hakkın hukuki durumu belirsizliklere çevrilidir. Ceza Kanunu’nda ötanazi açıkça suç teşkil ederken ne intiharı ne de intihara yardımı suç olarak tanımlayan Almanya, İsviçre’de oldukça popüler yardımlı intihar organizasyonlarının kanundaki boşluktan faydalanarak Almanya’da faaliyetlerini artırmalarının önüne geçmek istemiştir. Böylelikle 2015’te Ceza Kanunu’na sistemli bir şekilde sağlanan intihar yardımını suç olarak tanımlayan madde 217 eklenmiş, fakat 5 yıl yürürlükte kaldıktan sonra 2020’de Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin anayasaya aykırılık kararı ile iptal edilmiştir. Her ne kadar organizasyonlar düşünülerek düzenlenmişse de, 217. madde doktorları da etkilemektedir. Doktorlar, görevleri gereği ciddi şekilde acı çeken ve hastalığa daha fazla tahammül etmek istemeyip ölmeyi tercih eden hastalardan gelen ölme isteklerinin ilk muhatabıdır. Ölme hakkının tıp biliminden bağımsız düşünülmesi mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla tıp camiasının ölme hakkına yaklaşımı oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bir doktorun kariyeri boyunca birden fazla kez yaşamını sonlandırmak için yardım isteyen hastayla karşılaşması olağandır. Bu durumda doktorun birden fazla hastasının intiharına yardım etmesi sistemli sayılarak madde 217 altında suç teşkil edecek midir? Maddenin iptal edilmesiyle bu sorunun cevabının çok bir ehemmiyeti kalmasa da, tıp mesleğini düzenleyen diğer kanun ve tıbbi etik kurallar altında doktorun yardımlı intiharda rol alıp alamayacağı yine belirsizliklerle çevrili olagelmiştir. Fakat Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin açıkça ölme hakkını genel kişilik hakkının bir uzantısı olarak kabul etmesiyle, kişilerin bu haklarını tasarruf edebilmeleri için gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalı ve doktorların yardımlı intihardaki rolleriyle ilgili belirsizlikler kanun koyucu tarafından giderilmelidir.The right to die debate is an effort to redefine the borders of the right to self-determination, an aspect of the right to respect for private life, meanwhile trying to reconcile the conflict between the interests protected under the right to life and the increased value of personal autonomy. The question that lies in the core of this debate is whether the autonomous decision to die with the direct act (euthanasia) or help (assisted suicide) of a third person should be respected. The legal situation of the right to die is still not adequately clear in Germany, which is neighbour to States with some of the most liberal practices such as the Netherlands and Switzerland. While euthanasia forbidden, neither suicide nor assisted suicide is a crime under the German Criminal Code. In 2015, the German legislator adopted section 217 of the Criminal Code that prohibits business-like assisted suicide in order to prevent the establishment of assisted suicide organizations similar to those in Switzerland. Although the aim of the section was to prevent organizations, it also affected doctors, whose involvement in assisted suicide is mostly unavoidable. Doctors are often the first address for patients, who no longer want to continue living due to their illness. It is impossible to discuss the right to die without involving the medical profession. Would it qualify as business-like assisted suicide if a doctor obliges with more than one request for suicide assistance? The answer is not as relevant anymore, since this prohibition was found unconstitutional and section 217 was declared void in 2020. The Constitutional Court expressly included the right to die under the general right to personality. However, there are other regulations that apply to the medical profession that still blur the legal situation of their involvement in assisted suicide. Doctors must consider the Narcotic Drugs Act, which regulates the most-often-used drug for assisted suicide – sodium pentobarbital – , and the Code of Professional Conduct before participating in assisted suicide. More than two years after the Constitutional Court’s judgments, the legislator is yet to regulate assisted suicide
Evaluation of deep transfer learning methodologies on the COVID-19 radiographic chest images
Get PDFIn 2019, the world had been attacked with a severe situation by the new version of the SARSCOV-2 virus, which is later called COVID-19. One can use artificial intelligence techniques to reduce time consumption and find safe solutions that have the ability to handle huge amounts of data. However, in this article, we investigated the classification performance of eight deep transfer learning methodologies involved (GoogleNet, AlexNet, VGG16, MobileNet-V2, ResNet50, DenseNet201, ResNet18, and Xception). For this purpose, we applied two types of radiographs (X-ray and CT scan) datasets with two different classes: non-COVID and COVID-19. The models are assessed by using seven types of evaluation metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), F1- score, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC). The accuracy achieved by the X-ray was 99.3%, and the evaluation metrics that were measured above were (98.8%, 99.6%, 99.6%, 99.0%, 99.2%, and 98.5%), respectively. Meanwhile, the CT scan model classified the images without error. Our results showed a remarkable achievement compared with the most recent papers published in the literature. To conclude, throughout this study, it has been shown that the perfect classification of the radiographic lung images affected by COVID19
Forward modelling of brightness variations in Sun-like stars II. Light curves and variability
No full textContext. The amplitude and morphology of light curves of Sun-like stars change substantially with increasing rotation rate: brightness variations are amplified and become more regular. This has not been explained so far.Aims. We develop a modelling approach for calculating brightness variations of stars with various rotation rates and use it to explain the observed trends in stellar photometric variability.Methods. We combined numerical simulations of magnetic flux emergence and transport with a model for stellar brightness variability to calculate synthetic light curves of stars as observed by the Kepler telescope. We computed the distribution of the magnetic flux on the stellar surface for various rotation rates and degrees of active-region nesting (i.e. the tendency of active regions to emerge in the vicinity of recently emerged regions). Using the resulting maps of the magnetic flux, we computed the rotational variability of our simulated stellar light curves as a function of rotation rate and nesting of magnetic features and compared our calculations to Kepler observations.Results. We show that both the rotation rate and the degree of nesting have a strong impact on the amplitude and morphology of stellar light curves. In order to explain the variability of most of the Kepler targets with known rotation rates, we need to increase the degree of nesting to values that are much higher than the values on the Sun.Conclusions. The suggested increase in nesting with the rotation rate can provide clues about the flux emergence process for high levels of stellar activity.European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [715947]The research leading to this paper has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 715947)
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mitigation of Structural Vibrations Caused by Ground Acceleration with TLCD Application
No full text7th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Smart Technologies, ISAS 2023 -- 23 November 2023 through 25 November 2023 -- Istanbul -- 196776In this study, the application of a Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) for the mitigation of vibrations in buildings were numerically and experimentally investigated. For this purpose, a frequency-matched signle story model of a structure of an 8-story building and a corresponding TLCD model were designed and manufactured. The stiffness coefficient was determined through the free vibration tests. The structure with and without TLCD were subjected to free and harmonic vibrations in the 0-1 Hz frequency range using a six-degree-of-freedom shaking table. For numerical analysis, the nonlinear mathematical model of the system was established and solved using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method. The accuracy of the mathematical model was demonstrated by comparing the experimental and numerical results. The analyses revealed that the application of TLCD is effective in reducing structural vibrations. © 2023 IEEE.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (221M148