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N ates on the Infinitival Complement of try-type Verbs
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)PRO is in complementary distribution with lexical subjects in the infinitival complement of trytype verbs in Standard English. However, lexical subjects are allowed in the infinitival complement of try-type verbs in varieties of English. The analyses based on the current Case-theory, based on a PP approach or a Minimalist approach, contribute to the attempt to characterize the syntactic properties of the infinitival complement of try-type verbs, but provide no empirically adequate explanation for the cross-linguistic variation. The cross-linguistic variation is closely related to the properties of the Csystem in the infinitival complement of try-type verbs, not to the Case-system concerning PRO and lexical subjects in the complement. More precisely, it is ascribed to the choice of deleting the uT feature and its EPP property on C.departmental bulletin pape
An Alarm to Our Modern Social Environment -The Case of Sôseki Natsume-
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)This paper attempts to review the ways in which Soseki Natsurne portrayed his indictments of Japanese society. Sôseki's critique was concerned with the speed at which Western ideas were being inculcated into Japan. He writes with a sense of crisis; for example, in Sanshiro Ogawa's statement that "Meiji thought had been reliving three hundred years of Western history in the space of forty" (Sanshim). Consider also Ichiro Nagano's sentiments "Man's insecurity stems from the advance of scicnce" and "It is frightening because the fate which the whole of humanity will reach in several centuries, I must go through-in my own lifetime-and at that all alone" (The Wayfarer). Daisuke Nagai's criticism predicts the results of this unreasonable rate of development: "A people so oppressed by the West have no mental leisure, they can't do anything worthwhile" (And Then). While the Meiji era was one in which Japan insatiably sought to import Western constructs of social order and culture, recurring depictions in novels, lectures, diary entries, and other forms of expression of Sôseki's strong concerns about the climate in which this was taking place reveal that he was establishing the concept of individualism and simultaneously taking great pains to determine how one could successfully adapt to society.departmental bulletin pape
Solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem by the Self-Organizing Maps
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The traveling salesman problem is one of the most difficult ones in optimization problems. In this study we examine the method o[ B. Angeniol et al. based on the self-organizing maps (SOM) by T. Kohonen, in comparison with the Monte-Carlo (MC) methods that we employed so far. It turns out in the 561- and 1000- city problems that the SOM method gives extremely better results than the MC method in shorter calculation time. In order to improve the SOM further, we propose two methods. One is MC_SOM method in which the MC method is used as a preliminary treatment of the SOM. The other is a kind of simulated annealing method. Both methods are examined for 3795- and 5925- city problem and it is found that they give certain improvements if some proper trealrnents are made.departmental bulletin pape
Formation of the Judicial Precedent Theory about the Consent Principle in a Medical Treatment Act (1) -A study of the Personal autonomy and Consentement eclairee of a patient in France -
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)When a patient's consent (consentement) is given to a certain act, can a doctor perform acts that exceed the consent? The loss of authority on the part of the doctor poses a problem with regard to the principle of informed consent (consent principle). When in the course of the intervention to which the patient had given consent, a change or expansion of an operation is performed, or another operation is needed in the face of a new situation not expected by the doctor, the question arises as to whether that operation in fact turns into an operation without consent. There are two directions in judicial precedent that have contributed to forming the principle of infom記d consent concerning this problem. The first involves initial judicial precedents, and requires that an intervention must be interrupted until a surgeon obtains a new consent from the patient, strictly adhering to a consent principle. The second direction of precedent is the position that accepts a continuation of the intervention according to the new situation, when a surgeon has detem血ed that it is medically the best solution.departmental bulletin pape
Medical Treatment Refusal of a Cancer Patient and Conseil d'Etat - Patient's will and/or Doctor's medical treatment duty -
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)This paper asks theoretically the state of a doctor's medical treatment duty to the patient who refuses effective cancer medical treatment. Is a doctor allowed to carry out the relief treatment which does not have an effect to his cancer patient who refuses the surgical medical treatment to cancer, and radiotherapy? The Conseil d'Etat has developed in the concrete form whether a doctor has the duty which carries out effective medical treatment. The first key of the solution in this dilemma is rendering everythings, such as persuasion, promotion of changing mind, etc. by a doctor. The second is likc this - a doctor's medical treatment duty does not necd to bc strictly understood, so that he must treat even by disregarding a patient's will. Such a duty will not bc legally required of a doctor. Thc doctor who is going to continuc assisting a patient at the same time he respects a patient's will, and the doctor who ignores refusal of a patient and acts for a patient's good interest. Although this two doctors have the "consciencc" as a doctor, which of the two doctors should we think as a ethical or conscientious doctor? The answer will be not difficult that much today.departmental bulletin pape
Fractal Image Coding Using Rangeblock Correlation in a Whole Image
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The major fault of the Fractal image coding is the large numbers of encoding calculations for finding the best matching similar patterns. In order to resolve this issue, several fast algorithms have been presented that reduce the search space of the domain pool. In this paper, a new method to reduce encoding time is presented. By sorting the range blocks to numerous groups based on their locally high correlation of encoding parameters and applying the identical parameter to a corresponding group, it is possible to shorten the encoding time. Experimental results show that this proposed method reduces the encoding time in comparison with other fast algorithms.departmental bulletin pape
A NOTE ON LORENTZIAN METRICS OF 3-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMALLY FIAT MANIFOLDS
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)In a Lorentzian manifold the backwards triangle inequality holds. This fact is confusing to our intuition. In the study of Lorentzian manifolds, Riemannian metrics are often used. But the relation between the Lorentzian metrics and the Riemannian metrics are not clear in most cases. In this note we see that there are examples of Riemannian manifolds the Riemannian metrics of which are closely related to the Lorentzian metrics defined on them. Specifically, we introduce a Lorentzian metric on a 3-dimensional pseudo-symmetric space (M, g) of constant type. If M is, furthermore, locally conformally flat, we see that the connection of the Lorentzian metric coincides with the Riemannian connection of g and hence we have the relations or their curvatures.departmental bulletin pape
Distribution of Electrically Active Nickel Atoms in Dislocation-Free N-and P-Type Silicon Crystals Measured by Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)Distribution profiles of electrically active nickel atoms inn-and p-typc dislocation-free silicon arc measured by means of the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) on Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) fabricated on nickel-doped silicon. The processes of lapping-off the surface. etching, SBD formation and DLTS measurement were repeated on one sample until the total removed-off thickness exceeded the half of the initial sample thickness. The distribution profiles were evaluated by measuring the concentrations of the clcctron trap (nickel acceptor level) in n-type and the hole trap (nickel donor level) in p-type silicon as functions of x/, where x is the distance from the surface and I is the sample thickness.
The distributions manifest U-shaped diffusion profiles irrespective of one-sided or double-sided diffusion conditions. The experimental results have shown. in the bulk, the flat profiles peculiar to those according to the dissociative mechardsm of diffusion in which the sinks and sourees of lattice vacancics are present in the bulk.departmental bulletin pape
Ａ Relevance-Theoretic Approach to the Ironies in The Book of Tea
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)Traditional pragmatic approach regards irony as a figure of speech which communicates the opposite meaning of what was literally said, while Wilson & Sperber (1992) insists that verbal irony is an example of echoic interpretive use and that the author or speaker dissociates himself/herself from the thought which the irony communicates. According to Wilson & Sperber's Relevance-Theoretic approach, irony echoes the cultural standards or the denial attitude of the author, and produces its implicature, so that it can obtain optimal relevance. Adopting the theory of echoic interpretive use, we will investigate the process in which the ironies in The Book of Tea, satisfying the First (or Cognitive) Principle and the Second (or Communicative) Principle, can gain optimal relevance, and will make it clear that the ironies in The Book of Tea echo the negative thoughts of the author OKAKURA Kakuzo or the cultural standards in the Meiji Era.departmental bulletin pape