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Reduction of the responsibilities of directors
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The newly established Japanese corporate law delves deeply into the quintessence of responsibility (which can be considered to be the basis of the doctrine of director’s responsibilities). In fact,it constitutes a systematic overhaul that includes liability limitation as well. Due to the fact that in US corporate law there are various subtle distinctions in the individual state regulations governing the limits of responsibility and exemption from liability of directors, a straightforward comparison between US and Japanese legislation is difficult. Especially noteworthy of the corporate law in Japan is the fact that it prescribes distinct ways and means:particularly for liability exemption. Moreover, an inevitable prerequisite for decisions of the general meeting of stockholders or the board of directors in regard to the exemption from liability, is the stipulation of a certain disclosure agenda. If said disclosure requirement is not fulfilled due to concealment of important facts, in keeping with the fundamental interpretation of US corporate law, such decisions on the exemption from liability are to be understood as not having attained validity. In Japan, the maximum amount of damages that directors can be held liable for by their companies is stipulated based on the amount of their remuneration, and, by comparison to US corporate law, constitutes a considerably more strict penalization. Hence, it can be concluded that it acts as a powerful deterrent against the lack of due diligence on the part of directors.departmental bulletin pape
Extrapolated Absorbing Boundary Condition for FDTD Analysis
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)In this paper a novel absorbing boundary condition for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method based on extrapolation is presented. By considering correction of the extrapolation with respect to FDTD scheme, further improvement of absorption is achieved. It is demonstrated that the proposed method shows better absorption performance than the Mur’s absorbing boundary condition, and much smaller computer memory consumption than the Berenger’s perfectly matched layer.departmental bulletin pape
Transaction-record disclosure duty of professional money-lenders
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)Debt consolidation in the context of debt relief for an obligor can be executed more promptly when the precise total amount of all the obligor’s currently outstanding debts can be determined by requesting the disclosure of all past financial transactions. However, not all obligors comply smoothly with such a disclosure request by the attorney in charge of the debt consolidation process. In such a case, it becomes a crucial issue whether there is a legal basis or grounds for demanding professional money-lenders, to whom the obligor is indebted,to disclose the records concerning said money-lenders’ financial transactions with said obligor. On 19th July 2005, the Japanese Supreme Court passed its first ruling on this issue on which the lower courts were still divided. This ruling recognized the disclosure obligation of the professional money-lender regarding the transaction records of an obligor, and it clearly defined its position on debtor/obligor protection as well. Hence, as a matter of principle,professional money-lenders may no longer refuse an obligor’s request for disclosure of their financial transaction records as concerns that obligor. With this ruling, obligors can more readily come to know the true extent of their total debt and professional money-lenders can now be obligated to disclose their transaction records. It follows that this ruling can be evaluated as an epoch-making decision recognizing and clarifying the legal grounds for, and extending the scope of, the transaction-record disclosure obligation of professional money-lenders.departmental bulletin pape
Study about the road extension in Beijing
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)In China, a large-scale construction has nationally been progressing for the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. As a part of the urban renewal, then, not only extension of roads and rebuilding of traditional residence but also reconstruction of the railroad areas and a highways have been progressing at a rapid pace. Especially Beijing, that is the venue of the Olympic games, is the most typical example. There is a residential area, which is made up of several-story apartment buildings and traditional one-story houses, in one corner of the school area where the universities are concentrated. One small street passes through from north to south in this block. Although a lot of small stores restaurants stand side by side along this street, not only some of those but also the traditional residential quarters in the back of them have been pulled down in order to widen the street. This construction contains some of the problems, such as the length of the period from the notification to its start, compensation of the expense accompanying relocation of those stores and the residents, the inconvenience of the purchasing activities for the neighboring residents, etc. Some of the examination, therefore,is performed for the alternatives referring to the concrete progress situation about this construction.02876620departmental bulletin pape
Dynamical Monte Carlo Simulation on Relaxation Process and Non-equilibrium Phase Transition in Random Magnetic System
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The relaxation process of a random magnetic system and its time dependent phase transition are investigated in a time dependent Monte Carlo simulation. It is found in the relaxation process that the present disordered system exhibits the extended exponential decay, and asymptotically approaches to the usual exponential decay with increasing temperature. The time dependent order parameters are calculated in the function of the temperature for several concentrations of the magnetic atoms and these results are found to be in good agreement with the results of an recent NMR spin echo experiment on MnxCd₁－x(HCOO)₂・2(NH₂)₂CO by Kubo et. al.departmental bulletin pape
The Legal Responsibility of the Directors The review of the present situation in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The company system can be called one of the most basic systems in the modem society. However, in recent years, the opportunity for a disgraceful affair in the company to be reported in the mass communication is increasing. Therefore, it became remarkable socially to the evil of the company systern. The executive in the company sufficiently recognizes the economic conditions which surrounds a company and must do a judgment in case of management. At this article, it reviewed to make the range and the contents of the legal responsibility of the directors in the company clear.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of sliding wear history on subsequent friction and wear characteristics of carbon steel under varying load
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)Machines and components in operation are usually subjected to varying loads. Despite this, wear testing has usually been conducted under constant loads. In this study, in order to investigate the effeels of changes in loading on the transition from mild to severe wear, pin-on-disk type wear tests of carbon steel in contact with itself were conducted in moist air under dry sliding. Dming wear testing, the contact load was changed in aヽtep-wisemanner just one time. from low to high levels. A longer sliding distance under mild wear conditions at low load in the first stage produces a more flattened and oxidized sliding surface with good wear resistance. In other words, a "quasi-mild wear''regime with low rate occurred, sinular to the 1ruld wear. even at high loads in the second stage. The critical sliding distance Ls,crtical in the first stage necessary for the transition to quasi-mild wear in the second stage is given by an empirical formula. The proposed formula indicates that Ls,crtical decreases with an increase in the first-stage load and a decrease in the second-stage load. In conclusion the quasi-nuld wear can be attained under sh01tcr sliding distance at higher loads in the first stage.departmental bulletin pape
Economic Development and Environmental Problems- Empirical Analysis of Enviromnental and Economic Policies in China -
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)China has experienced drastically varying patterns of economic growth, at the same time; it has suffered serious environmental problems. China's highest priority of economic policy however must be an escape from poverty. In China, the per capita income is still below that of the developed countries. Economic development tends to increase pollution though, and leads to deterioration of the natural environment, so the Jack of an effective environmental policy therefore will have a detrimcntal effect on the environment. Chinese politics unfortunately seems to place top priority not on the environment but on economic growth to increase living standards; the country's environmental awareness is still weak and the environmental policies are too fragile to deliver sufficient outcomes. Furthermore, the Chinese government provides scant data concerning environmental quality. Insufficient man-made capital, human resources and technology also are leading to an inadequate allocation of resources to environmental improvement. Now, China's environment is tested if it will achieve compatibility between sustainable economic development and sustainable environment.departmental bulletin pape
Optimization of Stripe Strength Arrangement of Projection Light for 3-D Image Measurement -Application of Monte Carlo Simulation -
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)The pattern projection technique is one of the powe廿ulmethods in the 3-D image measurement. It is demanded that differences of the intensities between adjacent addresses should be large in order to assign the addresses correctly. In this paper the arrangement of the stripe strength in each address is optimized by two methods of the Monte-Carlo simulation; one is the Metropolis method and the other the multi-canonical method. We study not only the case of the monochromatic light but also the case of the color that ensures more precise identification of the addresses. For the both cases, much better results than the former treatment are obtained by the Metropolis method within shorter computation times. Furthermore, the simulation by the multi-canonical method gives even better results though the calculation time becomes about twenty times longer. It is considered that the latter results are almost the optimized solutions.departmental bulletin pape
English Broadcasts in Japan-their educational significance and a training arena for English specialists
Get PDFapplication/pdf論文(Article)Today the Japanese television and radio play important roles where they provide varieties of programs in English. The volume of English broadcast has been expanding dramatically and their contents have been changed drastically as well. The use of authentic material from the broadcast for English education has been sought after and the chances are ever widening. The government is now thinking of creating a complete English TV channel for the domestic service in the near future which n1ight be providing another opportunity for English course students and English educators to learn more from broadcast and to offer changes in educational styles. lt is quite obvious that the proper use of TV and radio for educational purposes would bring about great benefit, for both students and educators and also further studies on the better usages of media for English education should be continued.departmental bulletin pape