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Fragile Union: A Machine Learning Analysis of Structural Heterogeneity and Divergence within the EMU
No full textThis paper applies unsupervised machine-learning techniques to a set of nominal and industrial sector production variables to examine the convergence of European Monetary Union (EMU) member countries, focusing on macroeconomic and structural homogeneity. Our findings reveal distinct clusters of countries based on macroeconomic stability and industrial sector characteristics, highlighting a central group of core Northern European countries and a secondary group of peripheral, mainly Southern European economies. The significant differences between these clusters, particularly when considering real factors, underscore the fragility of the EMU in the face of large or asymmetric shocks. The study emphasized the need for structural reforms and careful analysis of economic characteristics to mitigate potential risks associated with expansion, ensuring the long-term stability and resilience of the union
Theoretical Model of Copyrighted Content Consumption
No full textThis paper deals with the price discrimination issue when a producer applies one price to a buyer in one selling location and another at another selling location for the same product. The specific case under consideration is the consumption of copyrighted products in television broadcasts and payment for them at home and in hotels. Unlike most articles where the analysis of price discrimination is based on the case of discounts to a specific group of consumers, this article deals with the opposite case, where a manufacturer of creative content raises the price for one group of customers compared to a standard group. The examination of the issue is based on a theoretical microeconomic model rather than on statistical data analysis because data on the amounts of copyright payments is unavailable.The main reason for the analysis, which is based on a theoretical model, is the lack of officially available data on payments to copyright agencies. Different agencies apply their own tariffs to all physical places where creative content can be consumed, and this data is not officially available. The lack of data is not a major obstacle because it would show how things are and not what choice would benefit society. The limitation of the data is that it does not show the motives of the choice but only states the choice itself. The advantage of theoretical modeling is that it allows one to analyze the outcomes with respect to the motives influencing the choice and action.The article attempts to answer the questions of whether the service provider’s decision to engage in pricing discrimination is a right choice for the provider and what the consequences of this action are for the consumers and society. Based on the analysis of choices, this article also aims to determine the conditions under which price discrimination can be considered a bad practice and when it should be tolerated.The first part of the paper presents a brief explanation of the problem, a literature survey that encloses the prevailing approaches and points of view on the issue of price discrimination. The second part contains a theoretical microeconomic model which allows for the evaluation of all the consequences that the producer and seller is facing when they pass different prices for different locations, and the consumer has a free choice to reject purchases if the price for them is not acceptable. The third part is devoted to the analysis of how different prices affect consumption, profits, and consumer utility. The final section is devoted to the conclusions that follow from this analysis.The microeconomic model is based on the unrestricted choice of the buyer when buyers themselves freely decide what amount of copyrighted content to buy at any of the selling places and on the unrestricted choice of the seller to set up the price that the seller deems appropriate. In the model, neither party of the transaction dominates nor can decide for the other party, but the choice of one party influences the decisions of the other party.The implications of the model, which is based on the rational choice of economic agents and not on current administrative practice, can be used for policy and legislative purposes
Benjamin Abrams, The Rise of the Masses Spontaneous Mobilization and Contentious Politics
No full textBenjamin Abrams, The Rise of the Masses Spontaneous Mobilization and Contentious Politics (University of Chicago Press, 2023), DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226826820.001.0001Benjamin Abrams, The Rise of the Masses Spontaneous Mobilization and Contentious Politics (University of Chicago Press, 2023), DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226826820.001.000
Atsiliepimas apie E. Selevičienės ir N. Burkšaitienės monografiją „Web-based learning technologies in the studies of English for specific purposes in higher education (Internetinio mokymosi technologijos dalykinės anglų kalbos studijose aukštajame moksle)
No full textBūti pabėgėlių vaikų mokytoju: teorinės įžvalgos
No full textThe refugee crisis is not a new concept in Europe, but it has become well-known in Lithuania in the summer of 2021 when a large number of illegal migrants entered the country across the border with Belarus. According to the Illegal Migration Monitor, in 2023, 24 percent of the refugees consisted of minors. Following Russia’s invasion in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the number of refugees across Europe increased to one million. Within the first 10 days of the Russian – Ukrainian war, 4,611 Ukrainian refugees entered Lithuania, and, according to the latest data from the Migration Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania in 2023, 76,607 war refugees from Ukraine are registered in Lithuania. While the European education system has accrued significant experience in educating children of ethnic minorities, there is still very little research which would analyze the education of refugee children. The education of refugee and immigrant children is very different, as highlighted by Pastoor in 2016. This is the first time Lithuania has faced such an influx of refugee families with children, leading to a lack of experience and research in the education of refugee children in Lithuania. The main focus has been on the integration and socialization of refugees, with hardly any attention paid to the education of refugee children. This raises the following research questions: What are the experiences of preschool teachers working with children with the refugee status? What challenges are preschool teachers facing? How are preschool teachers working with refugee children without official descriptions prepared by the State of Lithuania?Straipsnyje analizuojama ikimokyklinio ugdymo mokytojų patirtis dirbant su pabėgėlių vaikais ne tik Europos Sąjungos, bet ir kitose šalyse, kuriose mokytojai susidūrė su pabėgėlių šeimų, turinčių nepilnamečių vaikų, antplūdžiu. Analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą rasta, kad mokytojams tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose pasaulio šalyse trūksta profesinio pasirengimo darbui su pabėgėlių vaikais, o esamos ugdymo programos nėra pritaikytos užtikrinti kokybišką pabėgėlių vaikų ugdymą. Tyrimo tikslas buvo atskleisti ikimokyklinio ugdymo mokytojų patirtį dirbant su pabėgėlių vaikais. Taikyta teminė analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad mokytojai, dirbantys su pabėgėlių vaikais, kasdien susiduria su skirtingomis situacijomis, kurios jiems yra visiškai naujos, o pabėgėlių vaikų ugdymas mokytojui tampa nauju ir niekada prieš tai netirtu fenomenu
Nuo Valetos iki Faro: archeologijos paveldas ir bendruomenės
No full textThe article discusses the changing trends in archaeological heritage conservation – from expertise-based heritage protection to the ‘democratisation of heritage’. This process is well represented by the Amersfoort Agenda, adopted by The Europae Archaeologiae Consilium (EAC) in 2014, which seeks to integrate the principles of the Faro Convention into the practice of archaeological heritage protection developed by the Valletta Convention. More generalised heritage conservation processes and changes in public administration policies that promote participatory (interactive) governance also contribute to a stronger role for society in decision-making. It is in this aspect – the relationship between archaeology and society – that the paper presents the contemporary trends in archaeological heritage conservation, as well as insights into the local communities’ attitudes towards archaeological heritage in Lithuania.Straipsnyje aptariamos besikeičiančios archeologijos paveldo apsaugos tendencijos – nuo ekspertinėmis žiniomis grįstos paveldosaugos link „paveldo demokratizacijos“. Šį procesą gerai reprezentuoja Europos archeologijos konsiliumo 2014 m. priimta Amersforto darbotvarkė, kuri siekia integruoti Faro konvencijos nuostatas į Valetos konvencijos suformuotą archeologijos paveldo apsaugos praktiką. Bendresni paveldosaugos procesai bei viešojo administravimo politikos pokyčiai, skatinantys dalyvavimu grįstą valdyseną, taip pat prisideda prie visuomenės vaidmens sureikšminimo priimant sprendimus. Būtent šiuo – archeologijos ir visuomenės santykio – aspektu straipsnyje pristatomos šiuolaikinės archeologijos paveldo apsaugos tendencijos, taip pat pateikiamos įžvalgos apie vietos bendruomenių požiūrį į archeologijos paveldą Lietuvoje