Vilnius University Press Scholarly Journals
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Propagandos technikų lingvistinių požymių lyginamoji analizė taikant natūralios kalbos apdorojimo metodus
No full textPastaruoju metu dėl besitęsiančių geopolitinių konfliktų ir vis labiau populiarėjančio dirbtinio intelekto, propagandos technikų analizė tapo svarbia tyrimų sritimi. Nors, nemažai propagandos technikų lingvistinės analizės tyrimų atlikta angliškuose tekstuose, tačiau palyginti nedaug jų atlikta su mažiau išteklių turinčiomis kalbomis. Šiame darbe buvo siekiama atlikti propagandos technikų lingvistinių požymių lyginamąją analizę ir taip nustatyti bendrąsias ir unikaliąsias kiekvienos technikos savybes. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad tarp skirtingų propagandos technikų būdingi ryškūs technikų fragmentų kiekio, skaitinių požymių, kalbos dalių pasiskirstymo ir dažniausiai pasitaikančių žodžių skirtumai
Potencialių pardavimų baigties prognozavimas naudojant mašininio mokymosi modelius
No full textPotencialių pardavimų baigties prognozavimas atliktas naudojant klasifikacinius: logistinės regresijos ir atsitiktinio miško (angl. Random Forest) modelius. Duomenų pagrindinis šaltinis – klientų ryšių valdymo sistema „Microsoft Dynamics 365 CRM“. Papildomi šaltiniai – „Sodros“ ir „Registrų centro“ viešųjų duomenų rinkiniai. Kryžminės validacijos metu nustatyta, kad atsitiktinio miško modelis yra veiksmingesnis (vidutinis tikslumas 91 %), palyginti su logistinės regresijos modeliu (vidutinis tikslumas 74 %). Taip pat nustatyta, kad pardavimų baigties prognozei, remiantis Gini indeksu, statistiškai reikšmingiausi „Microsoft Dynamics 365 CRM“ duomenys
Gydytojo baudžiamoji atsakomybė: ultima ratio ar kasdienybė?
No full textIn this article, based on the criminal codes of the Republic of Lithuania and foreign countries, court practice, case law, including the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and legal doctrine, the aim is to analyze the application of criminal liability as an extreme measure (ultima ratio) to a doctor. This goal is achieved by also revealing the concept of the doctor as a special subject of a criminal offense in the systems of continental and common law traditions. The article examines whether a doctor is held criminally liable in all cases when a patient dies or suffers health impairment. The analysis indicates that although doctors are considered special subjects of criminal offenses, they are subjected to criminal liability in the usual manner. Attention is also drawn to foreign countries where the legal regulation concerning doctors‘ criminal liability is quite similar to the legal framework in Lithuania and essentially aligns with judicial practice.Šiame straipsnyje, vadovaujantis Lietuvos Respublikos ir užsienio valstybių baudžiamaisiais įstatymais, teismų praktika, Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo jurisprudencija ir teisės doktrina, siekiama išanalizuoti baudžiamosios atsakomybės kaip kraštutinės priemonės (ultima ratio) taikymą gydytojui. Šis tikslas pasiekiamas kartu atskleidžiant gydytojo kaip specialaus nusikalstamos veikos subjekto sampratą kontinentinės ir bendrosios teisės tradicijos sistemose. Straipsnyje analizuojama, ar gydytojas, mirus pacientui ar sutrikdžius jo sveikatą, visais atvejais yra traukiamas baudžiamojon atsakomybėn. Darbe pateikiama analizė, iš kurios matyti, kad gydytojai nors ir yra laikomi specialiais nusikalstamos veikos subjektais, tačiau jie baudžiamojon atsakomybėn yra traukiami įprasta tvarka. Taip pat atkreiptas dėmesys ir į užsienio valstybių patirtį, kuriose teisinis reguliavimas gydytojo baudžiamosios atsakomybės klausimu yra ganėtinai panašus į Lietuvoje galiojantį teisinį reguliavimą ir iš esmės atitinką teismų praktiką
Human Rights and Supply Chain Responsibility in Corporate Climate Action: A Comparative Evaluation of International Frameworks
No full textThis research analyzes the intersectionality of corporate climate action and human rights, focusing on how business strategies to combat climate change may unintentionally harm vulnerable populations in the setting of global supply chains. It critically examines the largely unexplored human rights impacts of corporate climate strategies, which tend to focus on carbon reduction and environmental sustainability rather than social impacts. The juxtaposition of international and regional frameworks like the UNGPs, OECD Guidelines, and EU Due Diligence Directive in terms of their scope, customizability, and actual utility in addressing human rights risks tied to climate action is maintained. That is, the relevance of integrating human rights into corporate strategies on climate actions is highlighted, and actionable recommendations are made on how business enterprises can ensure that they do not undermine human rights while pursuing climate goals. By looking into compliance mechanisms, risk assessments, and holding businesses accountable for human rights abuses, the research intends to provide some answers as to whether the systems work or what needs to be improved to create a fairer set of corporate practices that places human rights at the forefront. Also analyzed are the roles of the government, NGOs, and communities in the reduction of supply chain risks and the accountability of the businesses for any human rights violations related to climate
Pasaulinės dirbtinio intelekto valdysenos perspektyvos: nacionalinių dirbtinio intelekto strategijų palyginimas inovacijų amžiuje.
No full textThe development of artificial intelligence technologies raises important regulatory questions, as countries have different approaches to AI governance. The article discusses the diverse strategic directions that countries take in AI management. This study aims to analyze the AI governance systems of specific countries, examine the differences between these systems, and assess their impact on innovation development. The research findings reveal how regulatory differences between countries can shape the future directions and challenges of AI development.Dirbtinio intelekto technologijų plėtra kelia svarbius reguliavimo klausimus, kadangi valstybių požiūris į dirbtinio intelekto valdymą skiriasi. Straipsnyje aptariamas skirtingos valstybių strateginės kryptys dirbtinio intelekto valdyme. Darbu siekiama išanalizuoti pasirinktų valstybių dirbtinio intelekto valdymo sistemas, apžvelgti šių sistemų tarpusavio skirtumus bei jų poveikį inovacijų plėtrai. Palyginimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kaip valstybių reguliavimo skirtumai gali lemti dirbtinio intelekto plėtros kryptis ir iššūkius ateityje
ChatGPT in Foreign Language Acquisition: a close ally or a distant concept for Macedonian university students?
No full textChatGPT has instigated a tectonic change in foreign language acquisition. The latest research shows that language learners use it to enhance their major language skills and boost their critical thinking, research activities, and exam preparation. Consequently, ChatGPT has significantly impacted all levels of education, particularly the tertiary level. This paper aims to showcase how Macedonian university students fare in employing ChatGPT for foreign language acquisition. The study examines whether they are sufficiently familiar with this chatbot and to what extent they use it in various language-learning contexts. It also explores students’ attitudes toward this novel tool for improving their language abilities. Insights are drawn from qualitative and quantitative analyses of data gathered via a tailor-made survey, which targeted Macedonian university students, the majority of whom took a foreign language course during the academic year 2023/2024. Even though only 180 university students from several higher education institutions in the RN Macedonia showed interest in the study, the findings reveal mixed student perceptions of ChatGPT’s effectiveness, with some recognising its benefits for writing, translation, grammar, and research, while others expressing scepticism, particularly regarding its role in generating high-quality writing ideas, improving speaking skills, and fostering critical thinking, and creativity
The Progressive: a cross-linguistic study of English and Albanian
No full textThis study explores the use and distribution of progressive forms in English and Albanian. The English-Albanian analysis is significant as it examines how two linguistic systems organize and encode the progressive aspect, revealing the structural contrasts that define their grammatical frameworks. The theoretical part outlines English and Albanian progressive forms. The research analyses English progressive forms translated into Albanian and Albanian progressive forms translated into English. The paper focuses on the progressive be+verb-ing of English. Research shows that, of the two Albanian progressive forms, the po participle (despite being limited to the present and imperfect) is more common and frequently used than the jam+duke+participle structure. There is a difference in how progressive forms are translated between English and Albanian. While 50% of Albanian po forms correspond to English progressives, 58% of English progressives are translated into Albanian using po, reflecting a nuanced difference in their usage across the languages. In conclusion, this shows that the status of the English progressive aspect differs from that of the Albanian progressive
Hysteresis Effects on Unemployment Rates: A Comparative Study of the Baltic States Before and After EU Accession
No full textThis study examines the hysteresis effects on unemployment rates in the Baltic countries using the RALS-LM unit root test method, based on monthly data from February 2000 to August 2024. It assesses the persistence of unemployment by gender, focusing on both female and male unemployment rates. Additionally, the study provides a detailed evaluation of the hysteresis effects observed on unemployment rates before and after the Baltic countries’ accession to the European Union (EU). The findings show that the unemployment rates in these countries are highly sensitive to long-term structural changes. Structural breaks occurred mainly between 2001 and 2003 before EU accession, while the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis and the European Debt Crisis shifted these breaks to the 2007–2010 period. Significant structural changes in total unemployment were observed in Estonia and Lithuania after their EU accession. The results indicate hysteresis effects in Estonia and Latvia, whereas Lithuania shows varying patterns of unemployment persistence. This study highlights the importance of understanding the long-term effects of structural changes and external shocks on labor market dynamics in the Baltic countries