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Mileto mokykla: religijos ir filosofijos santykis
No full textThis article proposes an interpretation of the fragments of the Milesian thinkers which aims to demonstrate the compatibility of their thought with the Greek religious tradition. The concept of the first principle denotes a shared discourse between philosophers and poets, both of which focused on elucidating the origin or essence of the cosmos. From this common discourse, the Milesians develop a unique perspective on religion, exemplified by the suggested reading of Thales’ dictum ‘everything is full of gods’: it is argued that the dictum criticises the common popular view of the gods. By acknowledging this critical Milesian perspective on the gods, we can also analyse other Milesian fragments in a new light thus disclosing their inclination to perceive the gods via an ontological lens.Straipsnyje pristatoma galima miletiečių fragmentų interpretacija, siekianti atskleisti šių autorių mąstymo sutaikymą su religine graikų tradicija. Visų pirma miletiečių pasitelkta prado sąvoka rodo egzistavus tam tikrą tiek filosofams, tiek poetams bendrą diskursą, skirtą kosmo pradžiai ar prigimčiai steigti. Iš šio bendro diskurso miletiečiai išvysto unikalią perspektyvą religijos atžvilgiu, kurią iliustruoja Talio ištaros „viskas pilną dievų“ interpretacija: ši ištara skirta įprastam liaudies požiūriui į dievus sukritikuoti. Atkreipę dėmesį į kritinį miletiečių požiūrį į dievus, galime naujai interpretuoti ir kitus jų fragmentus, galimai atskleidžiančius šių autorių pastangas į dievus žvelgti iš ontologinės perspektyvos
Senovės graikai Arvydo Šliogerio mąstyme: recepcijos dviprasmiškumas
No full textThis article examines Šliogeris’ engagement with the Ancient Greeks, focusing on the mature phase of his philosophy, where the concepts of Nihil and Presence are fully articulated. From the outset, Šliogeris’ reception of the Greeks is marked by a distinct ambivalence, oscillating between deep admiration and sharp critique. In this case, rather simultaneous ambiguities of direction are identified, reflecting not just temporal or semantic divides but also an intrinsic tension within his thought. The article analyses the sources of this interpretive instability, questioning what underlies Šliogeris’ positive and negative perspectives on the Greeks and exploring whether these modes hold equal weight or if one predominates. It argues that Šliogeris’ understanding of the Greeks reflects the ambivalence of his central concepts – Nihil and Presence, which represent opposing qualities. For Šliogeris’, the essence of being human lies in being “in between” these conflicting forces. The Greeks, as an early culture, exemplify the interplay of Nihil and Presence in its most genuine form. Therefore, the reception of the Greeks supports Šliogeris’ philosophical theory. This effect stems from the specifics of his thinking; he approaches it with passion and is unafraid of incoherence or repetition.Straipsnis skiriamas Arvydo Šliogerio ryšiui su senovės graikais apmąstyti, koncentruojamasi į antrąjį jo filosofijos etapą, kuriame mintis įgyja baigtinį pavidalą, išskleidžiamos Niekio ir Esmo filosofemos. Šliogerio graikų recepcijai nuo pat pradžių būdingas prieštaringumas, matyti nuolatinis svyravimas tarp gilaus susižavėjimo ir stipraus kritiškumo. Kadangi graikai yra Šliogerio interpretacijos objektas, tikėtina, kad turinio daugialypumai egzistuoja jame savaime, judėjimas yra skiriamasis hermeneutikos bruožas. Šiuo atveju fiksuojami veikiau vienalaikiai, pačios krypties dviprasmiškumai, atsirandantys ne dėl to, kad yra formuojami skirtingu metu, kas įprastai suponuoja ir semantinę mąstymo perskyrą. Analizuojamos recepcijos paslankumo priežastys, aiškinamasi, kas grindžia pozityvią ir negatyvią žiūrą, siekiama nustatyti šių būsenų santykį, jos lygiavertės ar kuri nors įgyja persvarą? Tvirtinama, kad vertinant atsispindi pamatinių Šliogerio filosofijos sąvokų – Niekio ir Esmo ambivalencija, tai yra filosofiniai teigiamų ir neigiamų charakteristikų atitikmenys. Kitaip tariant, graikai, kaip pirmieji žmonės, autentiškiausiai įkūnija Niekio ir Esmo transcendentų veikseną – neperžengiant teorijos rėmų esminis žmogiškumo bruožas yra nuolatinis buvimas „tarp“, slinktis tarp priešiškų polių. Graikiškoji tradicija yra vienas iš tikrovės sluoksnių, kurį tiriant ir brandinama konceptuali mintis. Vis dėlto recepcijoje, žvelgiant į ją atsietai, tai gali tiek neatsispindėti, bet čia yra priešingai, todėl jos modalumas patvirtina (tiesos, atitikties tikrovei požiūriu) pačią filosofiją; efektą sukuria Šliogerio filosofavimo pobūdis – rašoma aistringai, nesisaugoma nenuoseklumų, kartojimosi
Digitale Literaturwissenschaft und pädagogische Praxis
No full textThis article presents a teaching concept for the professionalization of prospective teachers. The concept is focused on the synchronization of basic digital skills in dealing with different methods of computational text analysis – which also includes literary studies-oriented corpus analyses – with the development of didactic skills. After a brief introduction, the first part of the article highlights the motivation and relevance of bridging the gap between digital humanities and teacher training. The second part focuses on conceptual foundations, areas of knowledge, and the rough outline of the seminar “Digital Literary Studies and Literary Didactics” (held in the Winter semester of Study year 2023/24 and the Winter semester of 2024/25 at the Institute of German Studies at the University of Hamburg) with special consideration of the session on corpus analysis. Finally, the results, opportunities and limitations of the teaching concept are examined.Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll ein Lehrkonzept für die Professionalisierung angehender Lehrkräfte vorgestellt werden, dessen Schwerpunkt auf der Synchronisierung von digitalen Grundkompetenzen im Umgang mit Methoden der digitalen Textanalyse – wozu auch literaturwissenschaftlich ausgerichtete Korpusanalysen zählen – mit einer literaturdidaktischen Kompetenzentwicklung liegt. Nach einer kurzen terminologischen Verortung werden im ersten Teil des Beitrags Motivation und Relevanz für den Brückenschlag zwischen Digital Humanities und Lehrkräfteausbildung herausgestellt. Der zweite Teil fokussiert konzeptuelle Grundlagen, Wissensbereiche und den groben Verlauf des Seminars Digitale Literaturwissenschaft und Literaturdidaktik (durchgeführt im WiSe 23/24 und WiSe 2024/25 am Institut für Germanistik der Universität Hamburg, gefördert durch die Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einheit zur Korpusanalyse. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse, Chancen und Grenzen des Lehrkonzepts beleuchtet
Absolute exponential stability of switching time-delay Lurie systems with the application to switching Hopfield neural networks
No full textThis paper investigates the problem of absolute exponential stability analysis for switching time-delay Lurie system (STDLS) with all modes unstable. By proposing a novel switching time-varying Lyapunov–Razumikhin function, a computable sufficient condition is formulated to guarantee absolute exponential stability of STDLS under mode-dependent range dwell-time (MDRDT) switching. Especially, theoretical results are applied to switching delay Hopfield neural network. Simulations are served to illustrate the developed theory
Effect of gravity on the pattern formation in aqueous suspensions of luminous Escherichia coli
No full textThis paper presents a nonlinear two-dimensional-in-space mathematical model of self-organization of aqueous bacterial suspensions. The reaction–diffusion–chemotaxis model is coupled with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, which are subject to a gravitational force proportional to the relative bacteria density and include a cut-off mechanism. The bacterial pattern formation of luminous Escherichia coli is modelled near the inner lateral surface of a circular microcontainer, as detected by bioluminescence imaging. The simulated plume-like patterns are analysed to determine the values of the dimensionless model parameters, the Schmidt number, Rayleigh number and oxygen cut-off threshold, that closely match the patterns observed experimentally in a luminous E. coli colony. The numerical simulation at the transient conditions was carried out using the finite difference technique
Existence of nontrivial solutions for a class of 2n-order ODE
No full textWe consider a semilinear 2n-order problem with nonconstant coefficients. We deduce existence results by using variational methods in two directions. We primarily treat the existence when the nonlinearity has asymptotic linear behaviour at infinity and is either asymptotically sublinear or linear at zero. Secondly, we discuss the superlinear case at infinity and prove three existence results showing that our problem has at least one or two nonzero solutions
Exploring fixed points via admissibility criteria for fuzzy theta f-weak contractions
No full textIn this study, we introduce a new class of fuzzy contractions, called fuzzy α-η-θf -weak contractions, and establish fixed point results within the framework of complete fuzzy metric spaces. A fuzzy metric space generalizes the concept of a metric space by defining the “distance” between two points ω and υ using a function ϑ(ω, υ, ς) that quantifies the degree of nearness between these points for a parameter ς > 0. This parameter ς reflects various factors influencing the closeness of the points, making fuzzy metric spaces a powerful tool for modeling uncertainty and imprecision in mathematical contexts. Based on this framework, we prove several fixed point theorems addressing the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for such contractions. By carefully selecting specific forms of the functions θf, α, and η, our primary results can be adapted to yield a variety of significant corollaries. Furthermore, our findings leverage admissible and auxiliary functions to provide a broader framework that consolidates, extends, and refines existing results in fixed point theory
Anthropology, Science and Politics: Renewing the Vocation
No full textIn Germany, the discipline known traditionally as Völkerkunde or Ethnologie is currently (as a result of Anglophone dominance) being rebranded as Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie. Irrespective of the name, as a holistic field of enquiry, anthropology exemplifies the difficulties involved in demarcating boundaries between the humanities and the social and natural sciences. In the German language, all three are forms of science (Wissenschaft). Following these preliminaries, this paper draws on the celebrated ‘vocation’ lectures of Max Weber to probe the political dimensions of anthropological research. The possibility of a value-free science was precluded in socialist ideology, and it is again unfashionable nowadays wherever ‘activism’ supplants ‘academic’ agendas. In defending the Weberian ideal that stipulates the separation of the scholar from the politician, the chapter draws examples from various locations in Eurasia: Gypsies in Hungary, Uyghurs in China (Xinjiang), and finally Ukraine. It is important to maintain a dialogue with ‘local scholars’ subject to political constraints. Joint projects to test an agreed hypothesis may be an appropriate way to maintain conversations and advance knowledge. The chapter concludes with a personal note about the difficulties which arise in socialist and postsocialist Eurasia for a researcher from the West who is sympathetic to socialist ideals
Legal Opium Farming in India: Historical and Ethnographic Perspectives
No full textThis chapter explores legal opium farming in Madhya Pradesh, India, by focusing on legal opium farmers and the complexities of their profession. The chapter is divided into three parts. An historical overview of opium cultivation and consumption in India shows that, throughout centuries, the opium plant has been used in many different ways, including medicinal, recreational, and ritual purposes. The second part focuses on how the Indian government regulates opium cultivation and consumption. In 1985 a still valid bill was passed by the Indian government regulating contemporary opium cultivation, possession, sale, purchasing, transport, and storage. Regulation of this psychotropic substance is outdated and poorly functioning, while the number of illicit drug use or possession cases has only increased in recent years (Mehrotra 2021; Sharma et al. 2017). The third part of the chapter analyses ethnographic data (interviews, photographs and fieldwork observations) gathered in two villages in Madhya Pradesh in August 2021 and February 2022. Farmers not only explained the traditional processes of opium cultivation and the meaning they attribute to opium, but they also shared what problems they were facing in their work, most of which are related to unclear or burdensome Government policies on opium cultivation and the increasing attractiveness of the black market
Skatinamojo mokymosi taikymas automobiliui apmokyti sėkmingai pravažiuoti duotu maršrutu
No full textŠiame straipsnyje analizuojamas gilaus skatinamojo mokymosi (DRL) pritaikymas autonominiam automobilio valdymui simuliuotoje 2D lenktynių trasoje. Tyrimo metu lyginami du skirtingi įvesties duomenų tipai: spindulių pagrindu veikianti sistema, naudojanti atstumo iki trasos kraštų matavimus ir automobilio būsenos duomenis, bei vaizdo pagrindu veikianti sistema, apdorojanti aplink automobilį esančius vaizdus. Agentų mokymui naudojamas DDQN algoritmas, o jų veiklos efektyvumas vertinamas pagal nuvažiuotą atstumą. Eksperimentai atliekami su trimis skirtingomis mokymosi strategijomis: pradedant nuo trasos pradžios, pradedant atsitiktinėse trasos vietose ir mokant agentą dviejose skirtingose trasose. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti, kaip skirtingi įvesties duomenų tipai ir mokymosi strategijos veikia agentų mokymosi efektyvumą