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Editorial
Get PDFThis edition of NIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Educational Psychology as well as Language and Literary Studies.
The first part of the Journal focuses on Development Administration. Using Nigeria’s 2023 Presidential Election as a case study, one of the papers in this section empirically argues that ethnicity significantly influenced voter decisions and highlights the challenges posed by ethnic-driven voting patterns. To mitigate the negative effects of ethnic polarization in elections, the study recommends targeted civic education initiatives led by the Nigerian government, the National Orientation Agency (NOA), and educational institutions. Implementing a civic education curriculum that fosters national unity and encourages policy-driven electoral choices will be critical to strengthening democratic process.
Papers in the second section are on Educational Psychology. Using Secondary School Students in Lagos State, Nigeria as case studies, one of the papers in these sections argues theoretically and demonstrates empirically that there is a significant relationship between formative evaluation feedback and students' academic achievement in Economics. It is therefore recommended that school teachers should acquire updated skills and best practices in using diagnostic evaluation to enhance students' academic performance, not only in Economics but across all subjects.
One of the papers, in the last section on Language and Literary Studies, examines the roles of musical artistes who use their songs as a tool for protest and activism against the government. The study is anchored on the theory of relative derivation, which is defined as the perceived lack of resources required to maintain quality life in a society
Sociological Correlates of Deviant Behaviour among In-School Adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria
Get PDFWhere there is no law, there is no transgression is a popular saying but the human society is governed by series of laws through its various institutions. One of the hidden functions of education through its school agency is to instil conformity in learners for optimal societal functioning as law abiding citizens. Nonetheless, increasing number of adolescents are still bedevilled by social deviance. This study hence, examined the sociological correlates of deviant behaviour among secondary school students in Lagos state, Nigeria. Three hypotheses guided the study while the study adopted a descriptive research design. The study sample comprised two hundred and seventy (270) secondary school students drawn from the study population using simple random sampling technique. A self-designed questionnaire (r = 0’76) was used in data collection while the formulated hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at 0.05 levels of significance. The study found that parental influence, social media and peer influence significantly predict deviant behaviour among secondary school students. The study hence, recommended among others that; Parents should provide a conducive home environment that would enhance good upbringing of their children and also be their role model. Parents should monitor the activities of their children and the kind of friends they keep, to discourage negative peer influence Parents and the school system should regulate the contents of social media being accessed by adolescent students.
Keywords: Deviant behaviour, Parental influence, Peer influence, Social media
Implementation of Total Quality Management in Secondary School Administration in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects
Get PDFThis paper explored the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in secondary school administration in Nigeria, delving into its intricacies, challenges, and potential for fostering educational advancement. Secondary education serves as a pivotal stage in the academic journey of students, laying the foundation for their future endeavors. However, amidst the complexities of modern education systems, secondary schools encounter multifaceted challenges ranging from resource constraints to shifting pedagogical paradigms. In response to these challenges, administrators seek methodologies that not only address immediate issues but also cultivate a culture of excellence and innovation. TQM as a guiding philosophy and framework for school improvement, prioritizing quality, accountability, and student-centeredness, schools can transform themselves into vibrant learning communities that empower students to reach their full potential. It is essential for stakeholders to work collaboratively to overcome the challenges and leverage the prospects of TQM implementation in secondary schools. This may require investment in professional development, infrastructure upgrades, and stakeholder engagement initiatives.
Keywords: Total Quality Management, Implementation, School Administration
Comparative Analysis of Newspaper Framing of the Genres on Human Trafficking
No full textThe study examines ways in which the Nigerian newspapers often frame their reports and editorials on human trafficking. The objective was to clarify the media's narrative role in shaping public understanding and influencing policy discourse. The paper uses framing and priming model as its conceptual framework. The researchers used a sample comprising 346 Issues published by the Nigerian Guardian, Punch, and Vanguard to evaluate the manner in which the Nigerian newspapers often frame their reports on human trafficking. The findings revealed that the stories on human trafficking accounted for over 60% of the straight news stories published on trafficking in the period under review. The study noted the genres journalists used to frame the stories on trafficking tend to suggest to readers how they should interpret the stories on trafficking and meaning (what) they should infer from the stories on human trafficking, to underscore the fact that newspapers serve as both communication channels and ideological instruments. Consequently, the study advises the media to diversify their narrative forms beyond straightforward reporting by incorporating more features, editorials, and opinion articles to enrich contextual framing with a view to providing justice for the victims of human trafficking.
Keywords: Human Trafficking, Media Framing, Policy Discourse, Advocacy, Nigerian Newspapers
Benin-Urhobo Relations Under Colonial Rule: Genesis of Conflicts over Land Resources and Use
No full textThis study focuses on Benin-Urhobo relations under colonial rule. Both groups have had long periods of contact with mutual benefits. However, British colonial rule adversely altered that cordial relationship and incorporated them into the world market over which they had no control. This paper aims to show how the Binis and Urhobos responded to the opportunities and crises generated by internal development challenges and by external political and economic forces, stimulated by British colonial rule in the general area. The paper depended on primary and secondary sources. It deploys the historical method of descriptive analysis to address the subject. The findings indicate that the struggle over access to and control of forest and water resources, and their use, engendered conflict in Benin-Urhobo relations during the colonial dispensation and was followed by steps taken by the colonial government to reduce the power and influence of the Benin Oba over the Urhobo group. Underneath this was the British determination to ensure free trade between the Urhobo and the European trading firms. It concludes that the struggle over land resources occasioned by the colonial policy had far-reaching implications on their relationship under colonial rule and beyond.
Keywords: Benin-Urhobo, Inter-Group Relations; Colonial Dispensation, Resources Use, Free Trade, The Genesis of Crisis
Community-Centered Security and Human Rights: The Role of Civil-Military Cooperation in Nigeria’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy
No full textNigeria’s counter-terrorism strategy, particularly in the Northeast, has been marked by an overreliance on military force, which while weakening Boko Haram and ISWAP, has simultaneously deepened distrust between security forces and local communities due to recurring reports of human rights violations. This study interrogates the prospects of a community-centered security model that foregrounds civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) as a means of reconciling state sovereignty with humanitarian imperatives. Anchored in Human Security Theory, Social Contract Theory, and Institutional Theory, among others, the paper situates Nigeria’s counter-terrorism challenge within broader debates on people-centered security and legitimacy. Drawing on case studies from Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe States, alongside comparative lessons from Kenya and Niger, the research examines how participatory approaches such as community-led intelligence gathering, inclusive policing, and post-conflict reintegration can enhance operational effectiveness while reducing abuses. The findings highlight that where trust-building mechanisms and civil-military dialogue have been institutionalized, communities have provided more reliable intelligence and shown greater willingness to cooperate with state forces. However, structural weaknesses, poor accountability, and entrenched militarization continue to limit outcomes. The paper contributes to methodological literature in political science and development studies by proposing a framework for participatory counter-terrorism in fragile states. Policy recommendations emphasize rights-based engagement, institutional reform, and multi-stakeholder collaboration as prerequisites for sustainable peace and security in Nigeria.
Keywords: Counter-terrorism, Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC), Insurgency, Human Security
Public Sector Reforms and Anti-Corruption Policies in Nigeria
No full textThis study examines how public sector reforms and anti-corruption policies and agencies were implemented and established in Nigeria from colonial times to the present. Using the hybrid theoretical framework that incorporates institutional, principal-agent and social norms theories, the paper closely studies the policies and institutions that different governments used to fight corruption. These include early actions like the Foster-Sutton Tribunal (1956), the Recovery of Public Property Decree, 1984, the establishment of the Code of Conduct Bureau, 1979, the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offenses Commission, (2000), the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, (2003) and recent reforms like the Proceeds of Crime (Recovery and Management) Act, (2022) and the Digital Asset Management Systems started by President Tinubu (2024). While these initiatives reflect a consistent policy commitment to transparency and accountability, the study points out ongoing challenges, such as elite impunity, political interference, weak enforcement, lack of institutional continuity, overlapping roles and limited public confidence. Despite some good efforts, Nigeria's fight against corruption has often been weakened by societal norms and structural contradictions. The study concludes by proposing a holistic approach to reform and strengthen anti-corruption agencies to ensure judicial independence and foster a culture of accountability across all the levels of government. This study adds to the broader discourse on governance in Nigeria by offering a theory-based analysis of reform paths and their different results based on political history.
Keywords: Corruption, Public Sector Reform, Anti-Corruption Policies and Anti-Corruption Agencie
The Tripartite Relationship among Savings, Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria
No full textDespite Nigeria being regarded as the biggest economy in Africa, there have been rigorous debates on how the nexus between savings and investment can accelerate its growth sustainability. Unlike previous studies whose overreliance on simplified bivariate frameworks has constituted issues like omitted variable bias in the quest to successfully pass the diagnostic report, such approaches have hindered the true dynamic feedback of the trio and some selected control variables as it is in the real world. It is in this sense that this study investigates the dynamic interaction between savings and investment on economic growth, the extent to which a shock in savings and investment affects economic growth over time, the percentage of changes in economic growth that can be attributed to savings, investment, and other macroeconomic indicators, and the causal linkages between the underlying trio in Nigeria from 1980–2023. The study employed the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) methods, alongside Impulse Response Function (IRF), Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD), and Granger causality tests to achieve these objectives. The empirical results revealed that savings has positive and significant impact on economic growth in line with Keynesian postulations, investment showed an insignificant effect. The result further reveals the significant role of control variables such as domestic credit to the private sector and interest on lending in shaping the savings-investment-growth relationship. The IRF showed that savings shocks exert a stronger and more sustained effect on economic growth than investment shocks. Alternatively, the FEVD also revealed that variations in growth are largely explained by domestic credit to the private sector, while the Granger causality results confirmed bidirectional causality between savings and growth, as well as between savings and credit to the private sector. The study recommends that governments clamoring for growth must pay careful attention to the dynamic interaction between savings, investment, growth and the influence of certain control indicators (credits and interest on lending) that indirectly model the interdependence between the trios.
Keywords: Savings; Investment; Economic Growth; Vector Autoregression (VAR); Macroeconomic Indicators; Financial Intermediation; Harrod-Domar Model; & Structural Shocks
Assessment of Godfatherism and Internal Democracy on Infrastructural Development in Edo State, Nigeria
No full textGodfatherism is a means through which the leadership of political parties is imposing the surrogate candidates into political positions for the purpose of serving interest on their behalf. Godfatherism and internal democracy in Edo State end up in rift to suspension, political conflict to defections, violence to civil unrest and litigations in the courts of law which have negative impact on infrastructural development. The study examines an assessment of godfatherism and internal democracy in Edo State. The target area of the study includes State Party Executive of All Progressive Congress (APC) and (PDP), Local Government Executive APC and PDP, Electorates APC and PDP, INEC, Academias and Civil Society. The study adopted analytical and descriptive research types and the study used primary and secondary sources of gathered data. The objective of the study is to examine the factors that contributed to the trend of godfatherism in Edo State. Findings revealed that, godsons' preference for political survival above administration has a detrimental effect on public services and infrastructure. It also revealed that political parties' financial limitations encourage corruption, erode internal democracy. Therefore, the study recommended that, electioneering campaigning funds should come directly from consolidated funds established by federal government; political parties in Edo State should implement transparent and democratic systems in candidate selection to eliminate the power of godfathers and the state government and relevant stake holders should develop long-term strategies for sustainable infrastructure development in Edo State.
Keywords: Edo State, Godfatherism, Internal Democracy and Nigeria
Assessment Practices of Economics Teachers of Senior Secondary Schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria
No full textThe study examined assessment practices of Economics teachers of senior secondary schools in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: (1) determine how Economics teachers plan assessment, (2) find out methods and procedures followed by Economics teachers to conduct assessments, (3) assess how Economics teachers give assessment feedback to students on their performance: and (4) assess how Economics teachers utilize assessment feedbacks. The study used descriptive research design. The population for the study was all the twenty (20) Economics teachers from eight (8) senior secondary schools where Economics is taught in Maiduguri metropolis. Census sampling technique was used in the sampling of respondents because of their small size. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire tagged “Economics Teachers’ Assessment Practices Questionnaire” (ETAPQ)” developed by the researchers. The questionnaire had a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.78 and consisted of twenty-eight (28) items. The items on the questionnaire were responded on a 5-point scale ranging from always to never. The researchers administered the questionnaire to the respondents at the schools and were retrieved the same day. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to answer all the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that Economics teachers plan assessment by ensuring that assessment tasks align to learning outcomes, consider the six levels of cognitive outcomes in the Bloom’s Taxonomy and align classroom assessment tasks with what has been taught. The findings of the study also revealed that Economics teachers conduct written assessments in the class, provide assessment tasks that allow students to achieve at a high level and engage students in group projects, provide face-to-face feedbacks to whole class, on-the-moment feedback as students are still engaged in the tasks as well as feedback in written or print form which included comments on students ‘assessed work. The result of the study also indicated that teachers utilize assessment feedback to evaluate teaching strategies, determine appropriateness of instructional materials, identify students’ difficult learning areas, but Economics teachers do not sample assessment from the entire theme of Economics curriculum, they do not give feedback at the end of each assessment and they do not utilize assessment feedback to determine students’ promotion to next level. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that Borno state Ministry of Education should ensure that Economics teachers in senior secondary schools go for further training and take more courses in assessment to improve their assessment skills.
Keywords: Assessment Practices, Economics, Teachers, Senior Secondary Schoo