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Machiavellism and Political Power in Nigeria: Implications to the Nation’s Political System
Get PDFThis work accentuated that Machiavellism, ‘a political philosophy that emphasizes the pursuit and maintenance of power as the primary objective of political leaders with total exclusion of morality,’ has dominated the spheres of politics in Nigeria. Politics all over the world is a game expected to be played by the rule and with some degrees of decorum among politicians who are the key actors. Unfortunately, this is not the case in Nigeria, where politics is rather seen as a do or die affair. The standard of good politics is seen to be abandoned and politicians have assumed a dangerous dimension in their struggle for power with total disregard for morality. The research aimed at examining the influence of Machiavellian morality of power control in the State and the effect of the struggle for control of political power in Nigerian political system. Using analytical, historical and comparative approaches and the services of secondary sources of data collection, the work discovered that trust and morality have been eroded in the political system, which has given room to corruption, nepotism, authoritarianism, instability and conflict in the Nation’s political system, given its embrace of Machiavellian political views. The authors recommended that, upholding of the rule and supremacy of the law, respect for Fundamental Human Rights and dignity, will create a healthy political system; and where separation of powers, free and fair elections, will be of help to the democratic practices in Nigeria. Therefore, a more inclusive, transparent and accountable approach to governance can help build trust, legitimacy, and stability in Nigeria.
Keywords: Machiavellism, Political Power, Political System, Nigeria, Moralit
Rupture and Resistance in the Poetry of Ogaga Ifowodo: A Postcolonial-Ecocritical Perspective
Get PDFThe rupture and the revolutionary movement to resist the exploitation of resources in the Niger Delta based on the obnoxious land tenure system government policies which have led to the degradation of the environment has been explored by writers from the region. The impact of the pollution of the environment on the people includes decrease in economic production as the environment is no longer sustainable. The issue of the loss of land through acquisition by government laws as oil exploration and exploitation sites has also made many communities homeless. The result of this dislocation is protest and resistance of the inhabitants of the region against the oil companies and their government backers. This paper argues that it is the conflict over the control of land between the indigenous people and the government that forms the basis for the ecological degradation of the Niger Delta through irresponsible exploitation of resources. The study uses the postcolonial-ecocritical theory to assert that the conflict over the ownership and control of the land is the major cause of the degradation in the region. The paper draws illustrations from Ogaga Ifowodo’s The Oil Lamp to prove that through the motifs of paradise, care, seizure, abandonment, exploitation and resistance, the government and the oil companies have turned the once pristine environment of the Niger Delta into an environmental dystopia. The result is resistance by the indigenous people as the land has stopped providing sustenance for them. The use of analepsis, repetition and contrast enable the poet to present a picture of the past, present and the future of the Niger Delta.
Keywords: Paradise, Environmental Degradation, Land Seizure, Resistance, Remediatio
The Emotional and Social Challenges of Child Labourers in Nigeria
Get PDFChild labour has several negative effects, some of which include harm to the children's social and emotional development. In the Benin metropolis of Egor and Oredo Local Government Areas in Edo State, Nigeria, eight working children between the ages of seven and fourteen will have their psychosocial effects from the child labour problem examined in this study. The research's theoretical model was informed by the ecological theory. Using a narrative method, this qualitative study aims to provide a deeper understanding of children's experiences based on the impact of workload on their development. Through the use of thematic data analysis, it was discovered that children's involvement in wage earning had a detrimental effect on their social and emotional development because of labour.
Keywords: Child labour, emotional, social, psychosocial, social wor
Forensic Accounting Techniques and Fraud Prevention in Quoted Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria
Get PDFStudies have shown that, the manufacturing sector in Nigeria has experienced difficulties over the years due to fraudulent activities under different conditions and that led to a decline and fluctuations in the financial performance. This study therefore investigates forensic accounting techniques and fraud prevention in quoted food and beverages companies in Nigeria. The study adopted research survey design. The population of study comprised 20 food and beverage manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as at December 31st, 2023. Fourteen (14) food and beverage manufacturing firms were selected using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse data collected. The results revealed that forensic accounting techniques had a significant effect and positive on fraud prevention (whistle blowing practices (Adj. R2 = 0.506, F 64.555 = 0.000, P < 0.05) and continuous monitoring (Adj. R2 = 0.605, F 65.556 = 0.000, P < 0.05) of listed food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that the application of forensic accounting techniques has effect on financial integrity and fraud prevention; and strategies such as computer aided auditing techniques and trend analysis techniques improve organization's capacity to stop fraudulent activities. The study recommends that management should integrate forensic accounting techniques in the company to prevent fraud and enhance overall financial integrity.
Keywords: Assets usage, continuous monitoring, data mining, forensic accounting, fraud prevention, manufacturing, financial performance, trend analysis, fraudulent activities, and financial integrit
The Need to Protect Public Health in Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFHealth care facilities are established to provide treatment and safeguard the health of the people against conditions that pose risk or threat to health care providers, patients, waste handlers and the entire community. Health care activities are carried out to protect, restore health and save lives but paradoxically, they are known to generate wastes that poses obvious health risks either by direct infection or through exposure to dangerous chemicals and radiation materials. The purpose of the study was to determine the medical waste management practice in health care facilities in Edo State. Eight research questions were raised to guide the study while six hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population for the study comprised the 1,383 health care facilities in Edo State. A sample size of 276 respondents was selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument used was a validated Dichotomous scale format questionnaire with 29 items. The instrument’s reliability was established using the test-retest method of estimating reliability and a co-efficient value of 0.68 was obtained. Data generated from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentage and inferential statistics of binomial test and chi-square. The findings revealed that some health care facilities still do not fully comply with the dictates of approved practices specifically in the areas of segregation, incineration method, use of water proof floor with good drainage, treatment modalities and that there was no absolute difference in the urban and rural settings in terms of medical waste management. It was concluded that the immense benefits of proper waste management should be fully utilized in compliance with the approved practices to avert the possibility of accidents and disease outbreak that could result in loss of life and property. It was recommended that health care facilities should improve practices at all the stages of waste management. Therefore, all health care facilities owe a duty to protect the public and the environment and should have peculiar responsibilities as regard the waste they produce in a sanitary manner to reduce infection and illness
Human Rights and the Use of Force: Examining the Nigerian Government’s Response to the #EndSARS Protest
Get PDFThe current study investigates the human rights violations and use of force by Nigerian government in response to #ENDSARS protest which was a nationwide protest on police brutality (mainly through Special Anti-Robbery Squad or popularly called SARS) across the nation. The analysis explores the legal setting pertaining to force used by law enforcement, allegations of human rights abuses and the place of security agencies at the events of October 20, 2020 incident at Lekki Toll Gate. Building on comparative research into international standards, such as the United Nations Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Peacekeepers or the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights; the research assesses Nigerian compliance with international norms on human rights. It pinpoints the shortcomings of accountability frameworks, chastising the inadequacy of Nigeria legal as well policy making in order to protect rights of protesters. The policy recommendations proposed in the study include, but are not limited to; legal reforms; better accountability mechanisms and human rights trainings for security forces to reduce the next time bias. Recommendations to incorporate oversight mechanisms and the enforcement of recommendations from Judicial Panel of Inquiry are vital for true justice and institutional accountability. Nigeria can promote a rights-based approach to protest management, by programming and aligning domestic laws with international best practice which would serve citizens better with more human protection and restore trust in law enforcement agencies in relation to public.
Keywords: Human Rights, Use of Force, ENDSARS protest, police brutalit
The Shifting Landscape of Elderly Care: Implications of Youth Migration in Nigeria
Get PDFYouth migration, a widespread phenomenon, has significant implications for the health and wellbeing of the elderly left behind. This review paper synthesizes existing literature to examine the complex relationships between youth migration and the health of older adults. The paper explores how youth migration affects the physical, emotional and social health of the elderly. It also examines institutional and policy frameworks in Nigeria to address the health and wellbeing of the elderly. Literature was sourced from relevant databases such as PubMed, Science Direct and goggle scholar using key words such as Youth migration, elderly health, Nigeria and caregiving. Inclusion criteria for literature was based on scholarly articles in reputable journals within 15years frame (2010-2025) including data/reports from national and international organizations/agencies. It also considered articles that examined youth migration in sub-Saharan Africa especially the Nigerian context with a focus on international migration. Findings from this study provide valuable information on the complex interactions between youth migration, caregiving deficits, social isolation and elderly health. This paper has established that there is high rate of youth migration with massive brain drain especially in the health sector. Specifically, among others, findings indicate that youth migration significantly impacts health of the elderly especially their mental health, although some may enjoy remittances. It however, emphasized that caregiver deficit led to social and economic consequences that exacerbate challenges in the health of the elderly. Consequently, the findings underscore the need for policy and community-based interventions supporting elderly individuals with migrant children. It also advocates that healthcare access and utilization should target elderly individuals both rural and urban settings. Furthermore, there is the need for Nigerian government to provide enabling environment hence discouraging migration of its citizens.
Keywords: Youth migration, Elderly health, Nigeria, Caregivin
Assessment of Selected Environmental Soil Contaminants in Relation to Industrial and Urban Activities in South-West Nigeria
Get PDFRapid industrialization and urbanization in South-West Nigeria have intensified environmental pressures, leading to significant soil contamination. This study assessed the concentrations and associated risks of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) and plastic-derived organic pollutants (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, PBDEs; Phthalate Esters, PAEs) in soils from four major landfill sites in Lagos and Ogun States. Results revealed significant heavy metal contamination, particularly at the Olusosun landfill, which exhibited the highest Cadmium (Cd) concentration (3.63 ± 0.45 mg/kg). Phthalate Esters (PAEs) were prevalent across all sites, with Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) being the most abundant congener, reaching a maximum concentration of 17.7 ± 2.1 mg/kg at Olusosun. Ikorodu also showed high levels of DEHP (11.3 ± 1.5 mg/kg) and Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) (11.28 ± 1.4 mg/kg). In contrast, concentrations of the analyzed PBDEs were generally low, with the highest level detected for BDE-153 at Olusosun (0.020 mg/kg). Ecological risk assessment indicated a "considerable potential ecological risk" (Individual Risk Factor, E_r = 110.18) from Cd at the Olusosun site, primarily linked to e-waste and battery disposal. Furthermore, the Hazard Index (HI) for phthalates exceeded the safe threshold (HI > 1) at all sites, with particularly high values at Ikorodu and Sango, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic health risk to exposed populations. These findings highlight Olusosun as a hotspot for Cd pollution and reveal widespread health risks from PAEs, underscoring the urgent need for improved waste segregation, engineered landfill management, and robust environmental monitoring to mitigate pollution and protect public health in the region.
Keywords: Soil Contamination, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), Phthalate Esters (PAEs), Heavy Metals, Industrial Pollution, Urbanization, E-waste, South-West Nigeria
Enhancing Customer’s Patronage of Food and Beverage through Environmental Sanitation and Food Hygiene Standard
Get PDFPoor hygiene practices among food vendors, including those in hotels and restaurants, pose a significant challenge in the hospitality industry. This study critically examines the impact of food hygiene standards, particularly environmental sanitation, on customer patronage in food and beverage establishments. The key objectives are to: analyze the correlation between good environmental hygiene and customer patronage; assess the effect of proper hygiene on restaurant reputation; and determine the impact of hygiene practices on restaurant growth and expansion. The study employs Spearman correlation and the logit binary regression model to analyze the collected data. Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between good environmental hygiene and customer patronage, highlighting that proper hygiene significantly enhances restaurant reputation. Additionally, high hygiene standards contribute to business growth and expansion. Based on these findings, the study recommends that regulatory task forces ensure strict adherence to environmental sanitation and hygiene guidelines within food and beverage establishments. Furthermore, hotel and restaurant management should implement and enforce high hygiene standards to improve reputation, attract more customers, and drive business expansion.
Keywords: Food Hygiene Standard, Environmental Sanitation, Customer’s Patronage, Food and Beverag
Socioeconomic Determinants of Household Healthcare Provision in Nigeria: An Outlook at Yola, Adamawa State of Nigeria
Get PDFHealthcare access remains a critical challenge for many households in Nigeria, often influenced by socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and family size. This study examines how these variables impact household healthcare decisions and outcomes. Using descriptive statistical analysis, data were collected from a diverse population to evaluate health-seeking behaviours, health status, and financial barriers. Results indicate that lower income, larger family size, and limited educational attainment significantly hinder access to quality healthcare, leading to reliance on over-the-counter medications. The findings underscore the need for policies promoting health insurance coverage and financial support to alleviate out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and improve healthcare equity in Nigeria