Nexus International University NIU Journals
Not a member yet
2050 research outputs found
Sort by
Suicidal Ideation among undergraduates of University of Lagos Nigeria: Can Personal and Psychological Factors Predict the Relationship?
Get PDFThis study investigated the association between personal factors (interpersonal relationship, subjective well-being,) and psychological factors (locus of control, academic resilience) in predicting suicidal ideation among undergraduates of university of Lagos, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted. Three hundred and sixty-one undergraduates were randomly drawn from the undergraduates of the university (male =35.2%; female= 64.8%). Five scales were used for data collection, namely: Interpersonal relationship, (α=0.94), Locus of Control, (α =.34), Academic Resilience, (α = 0.90), Subjective well-being (α=0.9) and suicidal ideation (α = 0.93). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regression were used to analyse the data at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that though suicidal ideation was low (43%), respondents reported thinking about dying and death a couple of times a month, with mean scores of 4.63 and 4.64, respectively. Majority (5.95%) of the respondents had experienced thoughts related to suicide (planning methods, writing suicide notes and wishing they were dead). No significant difference in suicidal ideation between male and female was found. There was significant joint contribution of the independent variables (interpersonal relationship, subjective well-being, locus of control, and academic resilience) to the prediction of suicidal ideation (F (4, 355) =5.406, p<0.05). The outcome suggests that 16.5% of the total variance observed in suicidal ideation could be accounted for by both personal and psychological factors. Of the factors considered, academic resilience was seen to be most potent (β = -0.349; t =3.209, p<0.05) in predicting suicidal ideation among this cohort. The outcome behoves behavioural scientists to incorporate these identified factors in mitigating suicidal ideation among undergraduates in Nigeria universities.
Keywords: Suicidal ideation among youths, interpersonal relationship, subjective well-being, locus of control, academics resilienc
Fake News and Vaccine Hesitancy in Ijebu-Ode LGA, Ogun State: Assessing the Role of Misinformation in Public Health Decision-Making
Get PDFThis study explores the impact of vaccine misinformation on vaccine hesitancy and refusal in Ijebu-Ode LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria, using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework. The research employed a quantitative approach, surveying 384 respondents with a structured questionnaire to examine the prevalence, sources, and effects of vaccine misinformation. Findings reveal that social media (72.4%) and word of mouth (58.1%) are the most common sources of misinformation, significantly influencing vaccine hesitancy (56.8%) and (59.4) refusal. 30.7% of the respondents are indifferent about the effectiveness of government and public health responses to vaccine misinformation. However, 21.4% respondents perceive public health responses as somewhat ineffective and 25.5% consider the government and public health efforts to be somewhat effective, suggesting a need for stronger intervention strategies. Recommendations include the enhancement of public awareness campaigns, fact-checking initiatives, and the involvement of community leaders to combat misinformation. Strengthening social media regulations and offering vaccination incentives were also suggested. In conclusion, addressing vaccine misinformation through targeted communication and policy strategies is crucial for improving vaccine acceptance, enhancing public health outcomes, and achieving herd immunity in Ijebu-Ode LGA
Keyword: Fake news, Misinformation, Vaccine hesitance, Ijebu-Ode, Public healt
Gender Based Verbal Abuse among Civil Servants in Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the perception of gender-based emotional violence among civil servants in Edo state. The study also tested the hypothesis on the influence of demographic attributes on employees’ perception of gender-based emotional violence in Edo State civil service. The study adopted the survey research design and employed a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents. The responses from the questionnaire copies were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. Chi-Square (χ2) was used as an inferential statistical technique for testing the research hypotheses at a 5% level of significance. All of the statistical analyses in this study were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 24). 58.4% of the respondents investigated affirmed the occurrence of verbal abuse in Edo State civil service mainly perpetrated by supervisor/immediate boss, client/customers, and colleagues/co-workers. The study also showed that low performance and productivity, mental health issues, rage, anxiety, and sadness, as well as a decline in job satisfaction, are all effects of gender-based verbal abuse among Edo State public servants. The study recommends that the Edo State Government should set up specialized courts to handle gender-based violence-related cases swiftly.
Keywords: Gender-Based Violence, Verbal Abuse, Work Performanc
Towards a Just and Egalitarian Africa: Eradicating Injustices and Inequalities
Get PDFAfrica is a continent of paradoxes. The continent is richly blessed with abundant natural resources such as gold, diamond, oil, gas, bauxite, arable land, forests, wildlife, water, platinum, chromium, cobalt, etc. The continent also has abundant human potential and resources. Despite all these, the resources are poorly managed and this is one of the reasons why there is a high rate of japa (migration) out of the continent. Africa is massively underdeveloped. Despite political independence from the colonialists many decades ago, the land of Africa is inundated with injustices and inequalities. Through critical hermeneutics and analytic methods, this paper argues that there is a need to eradicate injustices and inequalities in Africa. The paper finds out that many factors are responsible for inequalities and injustices in the continent, such as bad and inept political leadership, corruption, colonialism, neo-colonial influences, ethnicism, poor administration of criminal justice, etc. The paper concludes that if Africans mitigate injustices and inequalities, they will create a more just and egalitarian society.
Keywords: Africa, egalitarian, justice, inequalities, injustice, leadership, politics, society. 
Diagnostic and Formative Assessment Strategies on Improving Economics Achievement Among Secondary School Students in Lagos State
Get PDFEconomics is a social science that is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It is included in senior secondary school curricula to equip students with essential social scientific skills necessary for driving the nation’s technological and economic development. However, a significant number of students continue to underperform in the subject. Researchers have identified various factors contributing to this poor performance, including cognitive, affective, and institutional challenges. These include outdated and poorly written textbooks, inadequate or superficial content in economics textbooks, teachers' qualifications, and ineffective teaching methods, among others. These challenges necessitated this study to investigate the impact of diagnostic and formative assessment strategies on improving students' achievement in Economics. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 200 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students from four senior secondary schools in Kosofe Local Government Area, Lagos State. Fifty students were chosen from each school. Data collection tools included the Formative and Diagnostic Feedback Evaluation Questionnaire (FADFEQ) and the Economics Achievement Test (EAT). The study developed two hypotheses tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant relationship between formative evaluation feedback and students' academic achievement in Economics. However, diagnostic evaluation feedback showed no significant relationship with students' academic achievement in Economics. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that school teachers should acquire updated skills and best practices in using diagnostic evaluation to enhance students' academic performance, not only in Economics but across all subjects; Head teachers or academic unit heads should ensure rigorous scrutiny of the psychometric properties of diagnostic and formative evaluations submitted by teachers; also the Nigerian government, Ministry of Education, and other stakeholders should provide financial support and incentives for teachers to attend high-quality seminars and workshops on constructing effective diagnostic and formative tests.
Keywords: Achievement, Diagnostic and Formative Evaluation, Feedback Mechanisms, Remedial Strategies
The Future of Inheritance Laws in Nigeria: Potential Reforms and their Expected Impact on the Society
Get PDFThis paper examines potential reforms to Nigeria's inheritance laws and their anticipated impact on society. Nigeria's current inheritance system reflects its diverse legal pluralism, encompassing customary, Islamic, and statutory laws. This complex framework has led to challenges in estate administration and the protection of inheritance rights, particularly for vulnerable groups. Recent studies highlight the need for comprehensive reform to address issues such as gender discrimination, the rights of adopted and illegitimate children, and conflicts between legal systems. The paper draws from successful reforms in other jurisdictions and considers Nigeria's unique socio-cultural context to propose practical solutions. These include legislative reforms to harmonize diverse legal systems, judicial reforms to ensure effective implementation, administrative reforms to streamline processes, enforcement mechanisms to protect beneficiaries' rights, and the integration of technology in inheritance administration. The expected impact of these reforms spans social, economic, and legal aspects, promoting gender equality, protecting vulnerable groups, enhancing efficiency, and aligning with international best practices. However, implementation challenges, such as cultural resistance, religious considerations, and resource constraints, must be addressed. The paper provides recommendations for short-term and long-term reforms, implementation strategies, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of inheritance law reforms in Nigeria.
Keywords: Inheritance law reform, Legal pluralism, Gender equality, Vulnerable group
A Critique of John Rawls Ethical Principle of Justice and the Problems of Social Justice in Modern Society
Get PDFThe question of how a satisfactory understanding of political justice can be grounded in modern democratic societies is one that Rawls attempts to address in his work Political Liberalism, published in 1993. Rawls's A Theory of Justice, published in 1971, is regarded as one of the landmarks of political philosophy and offers a new understanding of what and how social organization should be. Individuals or communities will unavoidably adopt different religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines in modern democratic societies where people are viewed as equal and free, according to Rawls, who also contends that the majority of the various moral, philosophical, and religious viewpoints are reasonable and that society accepts the possibility of conflicts.
Keywords: Rawls, Social Cooperation, Injustice, Democratic Societie
Restructuring of the Nigerian State: A Veritable Tool for National Development
Get PDFThere are a variety of different states, cultures, and religions in Nigeria, and they have suffered from political instability, economic stagnation, and social disintegration. The reason for these problems is generally associated with the current structural framework, which many scholars and policymakers think is not sufficient to meet the peculiar nuances of the Nigerian nation. For example, the research is looking at the restructuring of the Nigerian state as an achievable viable pathway to the sustainable national development goal. Inevitably, however, the present model of centralized governance can never meet these objectives; it continues to favor an unequal distribution of resources, marginalization, agitation for self-determination, and all forms of agitation by various groups. It seeks to examine the nature of restructuring-the decentralization of power, equity in resource distribution, and greater autonomy for subnational units- aimed at redressing such issues and promoting national unity, economic growth, and development. Thus, a mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative data shall be used, wherein qualitative analyses of historical and legal frameworks would be used alongside surveys and economic dividends to measure the impact of any proposed restructuring models. The results imply that a restructured Nigerian state could douse socio-political grievances, increase efficiency in governance, and ensure inclusive development through empowerment of local governments and accountability mechanisms. Restructuring is thus mandatory for Nigeria's transition: it calls for constitutional reforms, active involvement of all stakeholders, and provisions for ensuring fairness and justice. By so doing, Nigeria will strengthen its weaknesses and, as summed up in the able provisions of the Constitution, duly harness its diversity as a strength to achieve its developmental aspirations.
Keywords: Restructuring, Nigerian State, Tool, Developmen
Pricing Strategies and Consumers Purchasing Decisions in Small and Medium Enterprises in Benin City, Edo State
Get PDFThis study examined the pricing strategies employed by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Benin City and their impact on purchasing decisions. A quantitative research design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was administered to 311 respondents. The results show that SMEs in Benin City prioritize offering competitive prices, discounts, and bundled packages to attract customers. Price transparency was found to be critical in building trust with customers and influencing purchasing decisions. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between price transparency, price discount, and price bundling, and purchasing decisions. The regression model identified price transparency as the most significant predictor of purchasing decisions. The study concludes that SMEs in Benin City should prioritize transparency in their pricing strategies to attract and retain customers. The findings provide valuable insights for SMEs in Benin City, highlighting the importance of competitive pricing, discounts, bundled packages, and price transparency in driving business success. Recommendations are made for SMEs to improve price transparency, offer competitive prices, use price bundling strategically, invest in customer education, and monitor and adjust pricing strategies regularly.
Keywords: Competitive Pricing, Pricing Strategies, Purchasing Decisions, Price Transparency, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs
Effective Transportation for Socio-Economic and Political Gain in the Contemporary Society
Get PDFThis study examined how effective transportation infrastructure can promote political engagement, empower marginalised communities, and enhance governance in Nigeria. Using the Public Goods Theory, the study investigates the role of transportation as a critical public resource that enables equitable political participation. The research addresses the problem of inadequate transportation systems, particularly in rural areas, which limits political inclusivity and reduces voter turnout. A qualitative research methodology was employed, drawing on recent studies and data to analyse the connection between transportation, political engagement, and governance. Findings revealed that reliable and accessible transportation empowers marginalised groups by providing access to essential services and enabling political participation, particularly in previously underserved regions. The study concludes that improving transportation infrastructure is key to fostering a more inclusive political environment, leading to better governance and national integration. The study recommended increasing government investment in integrated transport systems, promoting sustainable solutions, and ensuring transportation equity for marginalised populations to enhance political inclusivity and national development.
Keywords: Transportation Infrastructure, Political Engagement, Marginalized Communities, Governance, Voter Turnout