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Work-Life Balance and Physical Work Environment as Retention Strategy for Health Care Workers
Get PDFThis study examined how work-life balance and physical work environment serves as retention strategies on Health-care workers, using the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) as a case study. The focus was on three key components of retention policies, including work-life balance initiatives, supportive physical work environment, recognition and competitive reward systems. Using Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of three hundred and sixty (366) was arrived out, however, on distribution of the research questionnaire only 360 was found usable for this study. Data was collected through structured questionnaires. The analysis utilized both descriptive statistics such as (frequency, mean, and percentage) and inferential statistics such as (regression analysis) to evaluate the relationships between various variables used. The findings revealed that a physical supportive work environment, and recognition and competitive reward systems significantly enhance organizational performance, with recognition and rewards having the strongest impact on organisational performance. Conversely, work-life balance initiatives were found to have no significant effect. Based on these findings, the study recommends fostering supportive workplaces, and implementing robust recognition systems while reevaluating and redesigning work-life balance initiatives to support the achievements of organizational goals and also meet employee expectations.
Keywords: Employee Retention, Organizational Performance, Work-Life Balance, Supportive work environment, and recognition and competitive reward system
University Quasi Justice System and Underreporting of Female Sexual Harassment in Selected Universities in Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFSexual harassment of female student in Universities has become an agonizing contemporary issue in all Universities of the world Particular in Nigeria, as it is evidenced by the incessant cases of female sexual harassment in Nigerian Universities. It is against this background, that this study sought to examine the justice system and underreporting of female sexual harassment in selected Universities in Edo State. The deterrence theory was used to explain the topic under investigation. The explanatory research design was used with the aid of the qualitative technique to gather data for the study. 15 key informant interviews and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted to gather data from the study area which comprised; University of Benin, Benin city, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, and Igbinedion University, Okada. The data gathered were contently analysed. The study revealed that although, there are social control mechanisms for addressing female sexual harassment in these Universities, but their effectiveness leaves much to be desired as the quasi justice system actors within these Universities more often than not pay lip services to enforcement. The study recommends a thorough overhauling of the University quasi Justice system and its social control mechanisms for addressing the harassment of female students sexually and the encouragement of victims to speak out.
Keywords: Quasi Justice System, Sexual Harassment, Underreporting, University, Victim
Relevance of Social Work Practice in Child Sexual Abuse in Uselu Community, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFChild sexual abuse (CSA) remains a critical social issue with profound psychological and social consequences. Addressing this challenge requires effective social work interventions tailored to community-specific needs. This study evaluates the relevance of social work practice in addressing CSA in Uselu Community, Edo State, Nigeria. The objectives were to explore the prevalence and underlying factors of CSA and assess the effectiveness of social work intervention practices. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 384 respondents, with a 95.6% response rate. Findings revealed significant awareness of CSA, with 66.8% acknowledging its prevalence, though 33.2% remained unaware, highlighting gaps in awareness efforts. The home was identified as the most common site of abuse (49.0%), followed by schools (25.8%) and religious institutions (12.8%). Poverty (44.4%) and lack of parental supervision (35.9%) emerged as primary contributing factors. Social work interventions practices were rated as effective, with 48.5% of respondents considering counseling services very effective and 62% acknowledging effective collaboration with law enforcement. However, gaps exist in resource adequacy and outreach initiatives. The study recommends enhanced counseling services, stronger collaboration with law enforcement, increased resource allocation, and expanded community education programs to effectively combat CSA.
Keywords: Child sexual abuse, social work practice, prevalence, intervention effectiveness, community awareness
Correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES), Emotional Regulation, and Self-Esteem among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences on low self-esteem and difficulties in emotional regulation among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used with a target population of 13- to 19-year-old adolescents selected through a three-stage random sampling technique. The sample comprised 300 adolescents, which consisted of 100 randomly selected participants from each of the three randomly chosen local government areas. Data were subjected to adapted scales measuring ACEs, self-esteem, and emotional regulation difficulties, including the ACEs scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; all had good reliability. The descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to test the relationships and contributions of ACEs to the psychological outcomes. Findings are expected to open up new insights into how adverse childhood experiences psychologically affect affected adolescent students while further guiding the development of interventions in educational settings.
Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Self-esteem, Emotional regulation, In-school adolescent
Impact of Leadership Styles on Conflict Management in Federal Universities South-South, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of leadership styles on conflict management among librarians in federal universities in South-South, Nigeria. The research adopted a quantitative approach using survey design, with a population of 85 academic librarians from university libraries in the region. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that employees predominantly utilize collaborative approaches in conflict management (grand mean = 3.30), followed by avoidance (3.23), accommodating (3.15), sharing (2.97), and dominating strategies (2.61), with over 90% of respondents actively listening for solutions.The study examined two primary leadership styles – transformational and transactional – and their impact on conflict management effectiveness. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between leadership styles and conflict management (r = .724, p < .05), with leadership styles explaining 52.4% of the variance in conflict management effectiveness. Transformational leadership emerged as the dominant style (β = .524), characterized by high scores in approachability (M = 3.36) and team work facilitation (M = 3.27). While transactional leadership showed a lower but significant influence (β = .369). The study concluded that both leadership styles significantly influence conflict management, with transformational leadership having a stronger impact. Recommendations include investment in leadership development programs and establishment of formal mentoring systems to enhance conflict management capabilities in university libraries.
Keywords: Leadership styles, conflict Management, University libraries, Library personnel
Balancing State Power and Human Rights: A Jurisprudential Analysis of Pandemic Containment Measures in Nigeria
Get PDFPandemics pose significant public health challenges that necessitate government intervention. However, these containment measures, such as lockdowns, forced quarantines, and travel restrictions, often raise critical human rights concerns. This study examines the legal and jurisprudential justifications for government-imposed restrictions during pandemics, using Nigeria’s response to COVID-19 as a case study. The paper evaluates the tension between state power and individual autonomy within the framework of constitutional rights, international human rights law, and legal jurisprudence. It argues that while states have a duty to protect public health, pandemic-related containment measures must be carefully balanced against fundamental human rights. By analyzing key legal provisions, philosophical perspectives, and case law, this study provides recommendations for ensuring that future public health responses uphold both safety and human dignity.
Keywords: Public Health Law, COVID-19, Human Rights, Paternalism, Jurisprudence
Law, Democracy and Good Governance in Africa: Is Democracy a Panacea to Good Governance?
Get PDF The democratization of the world is said to be an imperative to stability and human fulfilment. Many African nations joined this trend immediately after gaining their independence. However, the more democratic African nations become, the less the rule of law and good governance seem to elude them. Africa is plagued by bad governance, human right abuses, underdevelopment, corruption and poverty. People are no longer sure whether to insist on democracy or accept autocratic leadership if that can give them good governance and development. This paper looks into the synergy of the abused triangle of law, democracy and good governance in Africa. It discussed briefly the democratic experience of some African countries vis-a-vis Republic of Niger, Nigeria and Mali; and wonder whether democracy is the only way to good governance. It employed the doctrinal approach through the use of primary and secondary materials and concludes that the good governance shown by some Asian countries like China who care less about democracy is a clear evidence that democracy is not sine qua non to good governance and recommends that Africans should adopt any model of governance that fits into their cultural, economic and political history and which can guarantee them a better living condition.
Keywords: Democracy; good governance; bad governance; military; Constitution; Nigeria; Niger; Mali
Socio-Economic Drivers of Benefits from Agri-Environmental Measures among Rural Farming Households in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textThe study investigated the socio-economic characteristics of rural farming households, the types of Agri-Environmental Measures (AEMs) adopted, and the determinants of benefits derived from participation in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 240 farmers were surveyed using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The results showed that 36.7% of respondents were aged 41–50 years, 67.5% were male, and 53.4% had secondary or tertiary education. Most farmers (80.8%) had over 10 years of farming experience, while 64.2% belonged to cooperatives and 70% had extension contact. Farmers mainly adopted organic manure (71.7%), soil conservation (67.5%), controlled chemical use (65%), agroforestry (61.7%), and climate-smart practices (57.5%).Binary logistic regression showed that farm size (β = 0.311, p = 0.003), cooperative membership (β = 0.842, p = 0.000), extension contact (β = 1.124, p = 0.000), income (β = 0.514, p = 0.005), and farming experience (β = 0.042, p = 0.020) significantly increased the likelihood of benefiting from AEMs. Age had a mild negative effect (β = –0.028, p = 0.048), while education and household size were not significant. The study concluded that socio-economic readiness, institutional support, and access to information strongly shaped the probability of deriving benefits from AEM participation. Strengthening extension services and farmer cooperatives was essential for enhancing AEM effectiveness.
Keywords: Benefit, agricultural, environmental measures, participation and farming households
Evaluation of Work Related Stress among Nurses in Some Selected Hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
No full textWorkplace stress is the physical and emotional responses to situation that can happen when there is a conflict between job demands on the employee and the amount of control an employee has over meeting these demands. Work stress is comprised of the mental and physical conditions, which hurt the productivity, effectiveness, psychophysical health, work ability, satisfaction, and quality of work of individual workers in the workplace. Aim of this study is to assess frequency of stressful event among nurses and how stressful they perceived those events to be based on nine subscales of stress factors. This study adopted descriptive research design. The population of this study is 1690 while 310 were selected as sample size. The instrument for this study is adapted version named Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) with 38 items and 9 subscales. The instrument uses 5-liket scale range from not at all stressful to extremely stressful. The instrument was validated for content and face validity by experts in the Department of Nursing Science University of Maiduguri and some senior nursing staff in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Split-half reliability method among 18 nurses that were excluded from study. The reliability of the instrument is 0.71 which adjudge it reliable. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages and mean were used to analyze the data collected, while inferential statistics of independent t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the leading stress factors among the nurses are; stress levels of death and dying stressors with mean (3.41) and S.D (1.25), stress levels of discrimination stressors with mean (3.34) and S.D (1.28), stress levels of uncertainty concerning treatment stressors with mean (3.35) and S.D (1.28) and stress levels of workload stressors with mean (3.44) and S.D (1.55). Moreover, the result of this study showed that no significant difference exists in dying and death of patients among nurses in some selected hospitals in Maiduguri based on gender (P>0.05). It was concluded that job-related stress among nurses in selected Maiduguri hospitals was high. Then, it was recommended that organizations/ hospitals that employ nurses should organize programs/ seminars to monitor and manage stress especially regarding staff issues and job demands.
Keywords: Work related, Stress, Nurses
Impact Of Managers’ Membership In Social Units On Knowledge Sharing Among Members In Nigeria’s Cosmopolitan Corporate Organizations
No full textThis study investigates the influence of managers’ membership in social units on knowledge sharing behaviors within Nigeria’s cosmopolitan corporate organizations. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 79 first-level managers across Kano State using a structured questionnaire rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics revealed a highly diverse managerial demographic, with a significant portion originating from Nigeria’s Hausa-speaking population and possessing postgraduate qualifications. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between managers’ social unit memberships and their knowledge sharing practices. The results indicated no statistically significant relationship (F=0.70, p=0.100; β=0.14, p=0.237), suggesting that membership in social units alone does not substantially predict knowledge sharing behaviors in this context. Figure 1 illustrates the regression model’s coefficients, emphasizing the weak and non-significant effect. Furthermore, the discussion contextualizes these findings within Nigeria’s unique socio-cultural landscape, highlighting that organizational culture, role conflicts, and the depth of social engagement might moderate this relationship. The study concludes that while social network participation theoretically enhances knowledge dissemination, its direct impact in Nigeria’s diverse corporate environment appears limited. Therefore, it recommended that fostering organizational cultures that promote openness and integrating external social engagement strategies with internal knowledge-sharing initiatives to harness potential benefits effectively.
Keywords: Knowledge Sharing, Social Units, Social Capital, Managers’ Engagement and Nigeria’s Corporate Organization