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New Approach to Estimating the Productivity of Public Capital : Evidence from 22 OECD Countries
No full textInvestigating the productivity of public capital is a long-standing issue in one strand of macroeconomic literature. This study develops a new approach to estimate the output elasticity of public capital using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model with identification restrictions derived from a theoretical model. Our empirical analysis of 22 OECD countries for the period 1960–2019 reveals that public capital accumulation has a positive effect on GDP in both the short- and longrun horizons in all countries, supporting both demand-stimulating and growthenhancing effects. Furthermore, the estimated output elasticity of public capital lies within a reasonable range, between 0 and 0.5, and, as in the literature, shows substantial differences across countries. Therefore, the proposed methodology is valid for studying public capital productivity
Representativeness of Medical Directories in Prewar Japan and Geographical Mobility of Physicians as Seen in Directories
No full text【論文】本論文では，戦前日本の医師名簿を活用した実証研究を進めるための予備的分析として，明治42 年（1909 年）刊行の『日本杏林要覧』，および昭和17 年（1942 年）刊行の『日本医籍録』について，収録されている医師の網羅性と代表性を検証する．そして，これらの名簿の履歴情報を用いて戦前の医師の地理的移動を可視化する．検証の結果，『日本杏林要覧』は極めて網羅的であるのに対して，『日本医籍録』は開業医については一定の網羅性があるものの，地域や医師資格によって偏りがあることが明らかになった．また，明治期の医師は出身県で開業する比率が非常に高く，それに比べると昭和期の医師は大都市圏に移動する傾向が強いこともわかった．In this study, we conduct a preparatory analysis aimed at facilitating empirical research that utilizes prewar Japan’s medical directories. First, we assess the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the physician listings in the Nihon Kyōrin Yōran published in 1909 (Meiji 42) and the Nihon Isekiroku published in 1942 (Shōwa 17), respectively. We then utilize the biographical information in these directories to visualize the geographical mobility of physicians before WWII. We find that the Nihon Kyōrin Yōran is highly comprehensive, whereas the Nihon Isekiroku exhibits a certain degree of comprehensiveness regarding private practitioners yet displays biases across regions and medical qualifications. Our analysis further reveals that physicians in the Meiji period had a high rate of practicing in their home prefectures, whereas those in the Shōwa period showed a greater mobility.日本学術振興会24H00145格差の制度的および規範的決定メカニズムの解明Japan Society for the Promotion of Science本研究は，2021 年度サントリー文化財団・若手研究者のためのチャレンジ研究助成「医師数の地域間格差の歴史経済分析―戦前日本の医師名簿を活用した実証研究―」，2023 年度一橋大学経済研究所共同利用共同拠点研究助成，JSPS 科研費24H00145「格差の制度的および規範的決定メカニズムの解明」の成果の一部である
Influence of financial incentive and nudge, alone and combined, on water-saving behaviors
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