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Reinterpreting Medical Innovation : The Social Adoption of Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services in Japan, 1937–2023
No full textCoalition Opportunity Structures and Advocacy Coordination in Consensus and Majoritarian Democracies
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Privatization and Quality Differentiation with Excess Burden of Taxation
No full textIncorporating the excess burden of taxation into a mixed duopoly to evaluate privatization, we analyze Bertrand competition between the public and private firms producing goods of different qualities. We show that (i) when the only private (resp. public) firm offers high quality, privatization (resp. mixed duopoly) is desirable if the excess burden of taxation is sufficiently large, and vice versa. This implies that the governmentʼs role in implementing privatization goes in the opposite direction; (ii) if the excess burden of taxation is intermediate, privatization is preferable regardless of the public firmʼs quality
The EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement in Japanese Print Media : A “Cars-for-Cheese-Deal” or “The Black Ships of European Cheese”?
No full textThe EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EJEPA) entered into force on February 1st, 2019. The agreement was quickly coined the “cars-for-cheese deal”: Agri-food seemed to be the largest winner on the European side while Japan stood to gain most from automotive exports. Up until the final negotiations, however, agri-food was a major stumbling block. Through a qualitative content analysis of EJEPA coverage in five Japanese newspapers with different political and industry profiles, this article examines media treatment of food as a controversial part of the EJEPA. While narratives differed depending on political and industry leanings, we find that the perceived threat from the EJEPA regarding food was often placed within a larger social imagery of a new global order and disadvantageous trade deals, through a conflation with the recently established Trans-Pacific Partnership and its widely reported impact on agriculture. Lastly, beyond a strongly defensive or even victimized narrative in some specialized media, mainstream newspapers also divert attention toward the potential opportunities the EJEPA brings to Japanese exporters and manufacturers
Trade Policy and Structural Change
No full textWe examine how tariffs affect sectoral composition and welfare in an economy with nonhomothetic preferences and sectors being complements—key drivers of structural change. Beyond their conventional role in trade protection, tariffs influence industrial structure by altering relative prices and income levels. We qualitatively characterize these mechanisms and use a quantitative dynamic model to show that a counterfactual 20-percentage-point increase in U.S. manufacturing tariffs since 2001 would have raised the manufacturing value-added share by one percentage point and increased welfare by 0.36 percent. However, if all the U.S. trading partners responded reciprocally, U.S. welfare would have declined by 0.12 percent.This work is supported by the Joint Usage/Research Center, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University (IERPK2321, IERPK2417); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20H01495, JP24H00014); and Clark University Start-Up Research Fund
A Study of the Legal Status of Specified Juveniles
No full text葛野尋之先生 名誉教授称号授与記念This paper reviews the debate on majority in the Civil Code and examines the legal status of specified juveniles and the justification for juvenile intervention. It has been pointed out that the signification of majority age changed when it was lowered ; it has also been noted that not all laws use the same age of majority as 18 in the Civil Code. Both opinions emphasize the need for protecting vulnerable young people in difficult situations. This debate about the Civil Code impacts the understanding of vulnerable delinquent youth. In the Juvenile Law, the debate on the Civil Code is viewed as meaningful, with paternalism seen as a justification for intervention with specified juveniles