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Assessing Interrogation Deception Using a Decision-Theoretic Model
No full text葛野尋之先生 名誉教授称号授与記念This paper presents a concise decision-theoretic framework for assessing the use of deception （“gikei”） in police interrogations and the admissibility of resulting confessions. It assumes that upon receiving any information, whether true or false, a suspect forms a subjective belief about its reliability and compares the expected benefits of silence versus confession, factoring in the likelihood of perceived guilt, potential punishment severity, and any promise of leniency. A clear belief threshold then emerges above which the suspect will confess. The model shows that both truthful evidence and deceptive tactics can induce false confessions by raising belief or expected gain. To balance the goals of crime-control and innocence-protection, the study distinguishes “separating” scenarios where only guilty individuals confess, generally permissible, from “pooling” scenarios where all confess, typically impermissible unless prior screening effectively discriminates between guilty and innocent suspects. Drawing on these insights, the paper identifies the narrow conditions under which deception may be justified
La Constitution et les branches du droit（1) : auteur de la « constitutionnalisation des branches de droit »
No full text論説Cet article examine la relation entre la Constitution et les branches du droit en France, du point de vue du droit constitutionnel, notamment depuis lʼavènement de la Ve République. Avant la création du Conseil constitutionnel, la Constitution et les autres branches du droit formaient deux mondes séparés. Cependant, une fois que le Conseil constitutionnel a commencé à appliquer la Constitution, celle-ci a pu contrôler les lois, créant ainsi un point de contact entre la Constitution et les branches du droit. Aux débuts du Conseil constitutionnel, Louis Favoreu a plaidé pour la « constitutionnalisation des branches du droit ». Il a par ailleurs été avancé que les branches du droit seraient transformées conformément à la Constitution. En réaction, une résistance sʼest manifestée du côté des civilistes. Georges Vedel a défendu la thèse de la « discontinuité du droit constitutionnel et la continuité du droit administratif », en plaidant pour que le principe constitutionnel soit recherché dans les principes fondamentaux des droits consolidés au cours de lʼhistoire. Pierre Delvolvé a par la suite « actualisé » la position de Vedel en proposant un cadre constitutionnel applicable aux diverses branches du droit. Cet article retrace lʼévolution historique des débats qui ont contribué à façonner les réflexions de Delvolvé et de Denis Baranger
Liability of the European Commission for Damages for the Transfer of Personal Data to a Third Country (Case T-354/22 Thomas Bindl v European Commission, Judgment of 8 January 2025)
No full text判例研
Online Communities of Practice as Agricultural information Platforms: A Case Study of Indonesian Shrimp Farmers During the Covid-19 Pandemic
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Three Key Points of China’s Company Law Reform of 2023 : Class Shares, Audit Committees, and Directors’ Liability
No full text論説This paper examines selected aspects of the 2023 revision to China’s Company Law in comparison with Japanese law, focusing on class shares, the audit committee system, and directors’ liability to third parties. Article 144（1） of the revised Chinese law expands the scope of permissible preferred shares by allowing multiple-voting shares, lowvoting shares, and shares with transfer restrictions ; Japanese law recognizes an even broader range although subject to listing rules that reflect the principle of aligning control and cash-flow rights. The audit committee system in China, modeled on the U.S. one-tier board, resembles Japan’s statutory auditor system but is mandatory for listed companies under China Securities Regulatory Commission（CSRC）guidelines, raising questions about the expected role of outside directors in companies often dominated by controlling shareholders. Finally, while Japanese courts have recognized extensive third-party liability of directors, the Chinese law introduces such liability despite the general rule that employer liability absorbs employee liability. From a policy perspective, it seems most consistent for the Chinese law to confine directors’ third-party liability to cases of intentional misconduct or willful neglect of duties