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Community Japanese Language Classes : A Starting Point for New Journeys
II. 報告本研究では、日本語教育専門家が地域の外国人を対象に有償の日本語教育に取り組んでいるJSLN 日本語学院の経営者と教師の意識を明らかにすることを目的に、教師と経営者を対象に調査を行った。その結果、①柔軟性と継続性、②完璧は目指さないがその人に必要な日本語の教授、③教師と学生がともに成長できる場、④ここが居場所ではなくここから旅立つ場所、の4 つの特徴がみられた。有償であるからこそ、日本語教育専門家の雇用が可能となり、柔軟性・継続性がある日本語教室運営が担保できる。今後の地域日本語教育の充実には、民間の日本語教室を活用することも重要な方策のひとつであると考える
Behind the Elusive Employment Effect of the Minimum Wage : A Regression Discontinuity Approach
In Korea, workers must receive a full dayʼs pay when they work over 15 hours a week. This study leverages this regulation to estimate the impact of minimum wage increases on labor market outcomes, exploiting a sharp discontinuity in the minimum wage rule at 15 hours worked (i.e., regression discontinuity designs) based on a longitudinal panel dataset. The estimation results reveal that, in response to the hourly wage jumping by 20 percent at the discontinuity, Korean employers seek to reduce their labor costs by cutting employeesʼ working hours to avoid paying statutory holiday pay instead of laying them off
Western Sahara “Peoples” and Their “Consent” With Regard to the Agreement on the EU and Morocco : Case Note on the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, Joined Cases C―779/21 P and C―799/21 P European Commission and Council v Front Polisario
判例研
Economic Analyses of Post-Production Services
【論文】販売,配送,メンテナンス,修理などの生産後サービスを自社のみで行うのか,他社にも行うことができるようにするのか,あるいは他社にアウトソースして自社では行わないのか.これは全ての最終材生産企業が行うべき重要な戦略的意思決定であり,その意思決定が消費者,さらには社会に与える影響は,競争政策上重要な意味を持つ.本稿では,この問題について筆者らが行ってきた理論分析,すなわち,多くの耐久財にとって重要な生産後サービスの一つであるメンテナンスに焦点をあてて分析するMorita and Waldman (2004, 2010) と,生産後サービスのアウトソーシングを国際貿易の文脈で分析するIshikawa,Morita, and Mukunoki (2010, 2016) の理論分析を総括し,競争政策への含意を議論する.Should a company handle post-production services such as sales, delivery, maintenance,and repair exclusively in-house, allow other companies to perform these services, or outsource them entirely and not perform them itself? This is a critical strategic decision that all final goods manufacturers must make, and its impact on consumers and society has significant implications for competition policy. This paper summarizes the theoretical analyses conducted by the authors on this issue, focusing on maintenance as one of the key post-production services for many durable goods (as analyzed in Morita and Waldman, 2004, 2010) and the outsourcing of post-production services in the context of international trade (as analyzed in Ishikawa, Morita, and Mukunoki, 2010, 2016). Finally, we discuss the implications of these analyses for competition policy
Anxiety Felt by First Year Master's Students during Research Guidance by their Academic Supervisor : A Case Study Based on Interviews with Two International Students from China
研究論文本稿では,事例研究として,日本語教育を専攻する2 名の大学院留学生を対象に,初めての研究指導に臨む際に,どのような不安を感じているのかを調査した。その結果,調査協力者の2 名はいずれも高い日本語言語能力を持っているため,研究指導の前には,言語不安より研究不安を感じやすいことが明らかになった。また,実際の研究指導場面では,一人目の協力者は「コミュニケーション上の不安」,「日本語表現能力の不安」が解消され,「研究能力不足の不安」や「他者意識の不安」が解消されずに残っている様子が観察された。二人目の協力者は,当初から不安を感じておらず,指導教員の積極的な評価によって気持ちが徐々に上昇し,ポジティブな感情が出る様子が本調査の中で捉えられた。今回の調査結果から,指導教員が研究指導を行う際には,適切なフィードバックを通じて,暖かい相談環境を整えることで,2 名の協力者の不安をある程度で解消できると考えられる
Wall of Main Bank : Bank Megamerger and Lending Adjustment
In a financial system where the bank loan share ranking in a firm’s borrowing portfolio holds strategic importance, changes in ranking due to bank mergers can incur additional costs for firms and banks. Using a large megabank merger in the 2000s, we find that (1) merged bank adjusts lending volume downward after the merger to avoid being top loan share ranking, but (2) this reduction does not harm the firm’s investment and funding since the top share bank at the pre-merger increases its lending. Based on the findings of the lending adjustment by the merged bank, we employ a fuzzy bunching estimator to quantify the net adjustment costs, reaching up to 4.5% of the profit on the margin. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which bank mergers generate costs and who bears those costs