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The Revival of National Studies in China from a Macro Perspective
Get PDF本論では、マクロな視点から国学の概念、国学ブームの展開過程、およびその興起の要因について分析する。特に、政府が社会問題の解決策として提唱した社会主義核心価値観に着目し、国学復興における政府の役割を考察した。一方、民間の視点からは、社会の倫理道徳問題に対する解決策を伝統文化、特に国学に求める民衆の姿勢に焦点を当てた。本論の分析を通じて、政府と民間の双方がそれぞれの目的を持ちながらも、国学ブームの推進において一定の方向性で一致していることが明らかとなる。さらに、現在の国学ブームが抱える課題を整理し、その解決策についても検討を行った。This paper analyzes the concept of national studies, the development of the national studies boom, and the causes of its emergence from a macro perspective. Specifically, it focuses on the core socialist values proposed by the government to address social issues and highlights the government's role in the revival of national studies. Additionally, from the perspective of civil society, it examines how the public seeks solutions to ethical and moral issues in society through traditional culture, particularly national studies. Through this analysis, it becomes clear that the goals pursued by both the government and civil society align, contributing to the expansion of the national studies boom. Finally, the paper discusses current issues related to the national studies boom and potential solutions
Institutional challenges and opportunities for encouraging transit-oriented development with bus rapid transit in Lahore, Pakistan
Get PDFTransit-oriented development (TOD) includes dense, mixed-use, and pedestrian-friendly developments around transit stations. Bus rapid transit (BRT) stimulates TOD in developed countries through comprehensive planning and governance, while limited infrastructure, weak institutions, and fragmented policies hinder the ability of the BRT system to encourage TOD in developing countries. Therefore, our study aimed to understand the institutional challenges and opportunities that stand in the way of TOD coupled with BRT in Lahore, Pakistan. To this end, we used a qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews in NVivo 14 with nine professionals from land-use and transportation institutions. Our study considered five influential factors to understand the institutional challenges and opportunities in promoting BRT-based TOD: the regulatory framework, institutional responsibilities, institutional coordination, local expertise, and incentives. Results show that the foremost challenges are the absence of a regulatory framework, functional overlap, lack of institutional coordination, low government priority and political will, limited expertise and leadership, and absence of incentives. We conclude that multiple institutions contribute to land-use and transportation planning; however, their relationship and influence on TOD are weak. Our study suggests that a clear regulatory framework, TOD plans, TOD-specific zoning, enhanced institutional coordination, local expertise, strong political will, professional capacity, visionary leadership, effective public–private partnership, and targeted incentives are essential to promote TOD through BRT
<Note>Author's Own Review of Masaomi Kimizuka, Constitutional Law, Seibundoh, 2023, pp. xxiv+630
Get PDFOccurrence of Novel Alternative Phosphorus Flame Retardants on Indoor Dust Collected From Japanese Dwellings and a Kindergarten
Get PDFAlternative flame retardants, especially those containing phosphorus, have changed over time to meet flammability standards; however, studies on the presence of these alternatives on indoor dust, which is a major exposure carrier to human beings, have been limited. In this study, we measured the concentrations of four novel phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), including 6-benzylbenzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinine 6-oxide (BzlDOPO), naphthalen-2-yl diphenyl phosphate (NDPhP), (5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)methyl methyl methylphosphonate (PMMMP), and bis[(5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-5-yl)methyl] methylphosphonate (di-PMMMP), and 13 conventional PFRs on indoor dust collected from 29 dwellings and a kindergarten in Japan. The concentration of the PFRs on indoor dust ranged from 3.0 ng g−1 (TPP [tripropyl phosphate]) to 4,600,000 ng g−1 (TBOEP [tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate]). Among the PFRs targeted in this study, TBOEP exhibited the highest median concentration, followed by tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP). The novel PFRs, PMMMP, di-PMMMP, BzlDOPO, and NDPhP, were detected at 51, 63, 6, and 3 ng g−1, respectively, in dust samples. TBOEP exhibited the lowest margin of exposure (1.5 × 103 [5%ile]) among the PFRs examined. The results indicate that the novel PFRs are present in indoor environments and that humans are exposed through indoor dust. Further studies are needed to evaluate the toxicity of novel PFRs and assess their potential health risks
