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High-speed, ultra-low-power, and robust superconductive neuron with ReLU activation
Get PDFWe propose a novel ultra-high-speed neuron device utilizing a superconductive single flux quantum (SFQ) circuit to realize an ideal rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function. This circuit generates quantum-accurate voltage output through frequency conversion within the SFQ digital circuit. A significant advantage of this design is its combination of high-speed and ultra-low-power operation with inherent tolerance to device parameter variations. This crucial feature mitigates performance degradation often observed in large-scale neural networks that rely on analog neuron circuits susceptible to characteristic variation of neuron devices. We designed and implemented the proposed neuron circuit using a 10 kA cm−2 Nb four-layer 1.0 μm fabrication process. Experimental measurements at 4.2 K confirmed correct operation up to approximately 41.2 GHz input. Results from multiple chips successfully demonstrated ideal ReLU input–output characteristics, showcasing both the high-speed nature of the device and the scalability and robustness of our neuron circuits for next-generation artificial neural network hardware
Design of high thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramics for thermal fatigue-resistant substrates
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（工学）Doctor of Engineerin
Zeta functions of orders in number fields
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（理学）Doctor of Scienceこの学位論文の全文は、中央図書館で平日17時までに申請することで閲覧が可能です。The full text of this thesis is available for viewing at the Central Library upon request by 5:00 p.m. on weekdays
Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid
Get PDFThe Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactionsmakes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems
<Article>The Role of Understandability in the Development of Accounting Standards for Nonprofit Organizations
Get PDFSocial and Solidarity Economy in Bangladesh‐Analytical Framework to Explore Women’s Empowerment‐
Get PDF社会的連帯経済とは、市民が主導し、富の蓄積よりも人々の幸せ（ウェルビーイング）や環境保全を優先し、協力、公平性、包摂性、多様性、民主的で自主的な運営といった原則に基づく経済活動や、経済のあり方の再考を促す運動である。先行研究が少ない南アジアの社会的連帯経済の実践を模索すべく、筆者は先にパキスタンの事例を経済人類学者カール・ポランニーの論考に基づく理論的枠組みを用いて分析し、「互酬性」が果たす役割に関する仮説を立てた。この仮説を更に追求すべく、今後バングラデシュにおける社会的連帯経済の実践でケアを担う女性たちの間で「互酬性」がどのように発現しているかを探るために、先行研究を利用し、パキスタンでの調査の際に使った分析枠組みの改良・精緻化し、「互酬性」による経済という側面での社会的連帯経済の理論構築に貢献することを試みた。本研究は、社会的連帯経済が、いわゆる「途上国」において貧困・不平等の削減に寄与する経済活動であるかを探究するにあたり、有益となることを期待するものである。The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) encompasses citizens-led economic initiatives, which prioritize people and the planet over profit and operate with principles of cooperation, equality, inclusion, diversity, and democratic self-management. To explore SSE practices in South Asia, the author analyzed a case of Pakistan using the analytical framework based on economic anthropologist Karl Polanyi and submitted a proposition on the role of “reciprocity” in her earlier research. This research note aims to prepare for further investigation of this proposition, taking women engaged in care activities into account. The note reviewed the Bangladesh Paradox with the SSE perspectives to sharpen the analytical framework for case studies in Bangladesh, contributing to the SSE theory-building as an economy based on reciprocity
Serotonin activates dermal papilla cells and promotes hair growth
Get PDFSerotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in regulating behavior, mood, memory, and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Although recent studies have identified an intestine-hair follicle link, potentially implicating 5-HT, its exact relationship with hair growth remains unclear. Here we investigated the effects of serotonin signaling on hair follicle homeostasis. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of hair growth-related genes in dermal papilla cells treated with 5-HT. The hair growth-promoting effects of 5-HT were examined using hair follicle organoids and hair follicle organ cultures. The addition of 5-HT to hair follicle organoids and hair follicles promoted hair shaft elongation. Similar effects were observed with sumatriptan succinate, a 5-HT receptor agonist. These results suggest that targeting serotonin signaling can advance alopecia therapy
End-of-Life Decision-Making in East Asia: Legal Challenges, Cultural Norms, and Advance Planning
Get PDFAcknowledgments/Acronyms/Note/ Tables & Figures vii-xi
1 Introduction 1–16
1-1 Family Involvement or Proactive Preparations 1–5
1-2 Importance of the East Asian Project 5–10
1-3 Objective and Prior Research of the Study 10–13
1-4 Methodology 13–16
2 Theoretical Foundation 17–37
2-1 Vulnerability Approach and Safeguarding Law 17–20
2-2 Individual Autonomy and Relational Autonomy 20–29
2-3 Value Model for the East Asian Project 29–34
2-4 Notes on Law and Bioethics in Health care 34–37
3 ADs and ACP in the International Context 39–52
3-1 Origins and Types of Advance Directives 39–42
3-2 Limitations and Criticisms of ADs and ACP 43–45
3-3 Comparison and Evaluation of ADs across Asia 46–48
3-4 International Response to Voluntary Assisted Dying 48–52
4 ADs and ACP in the Japanese Context 53–85
4-1 Laws Concerning Human Life and Death in Japan 53–55
4-2 Issues of Healthcare Policy in Japan 55–61
4-3 Legal and Ethical Framework for ADs and ACP 61–69
4-4 Relational Autonomy-Based Approach to ADs 70–78
4-5 ACP Studies in Japan 78–85
5 ADs and ACP in the East Asian Context 87–128
5-1 Responses of South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore
to ADs and ACP 87–105
5-2 A Comparative Analysis of ADs and ACP between
East Asian Countries and Area 106–119
5-3 Discussion on ADs and ACP in the East Asian Model 119–128
6 Advance Decision-Making for Future Disability in East Asia 129–162
6-1 A Comparative Analysis of Models between
the U.S., Europe, and East Asia 129–140
6-2 Legal Relationship between Doctors, Patients,
and Family Members 140–149
6-3 Proposals for Advance Decision-Making
for Future Disability in East Asia 149–162
7 Conclusion 163–165
Bibliography/Legislation/Court Case 167–210
Appendix 1-2 211–222
Index 223–228This book explores how cultural values, legal frameworks, and policy developments shape end-of-life decision-making in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. As medical interventions extend life, questions around who should make decisions—and how—become increasingly urgent. Focusing on advance directives (ADs) and advance care planning (ACP), the book examines tensions between personal autonomy and familial responsibility. Drawing on legal cases, policy shifts, and cultural practices, it reveals diverse national approaches and underlying ethical concerns.
Developed through a collaborative network of scholars from East Asia, Australia, Italy, and Scotland, this volume offers comparative insights and broader international context. Essential reading for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and scholars of medical law and bioethics, the book advocates for approaches that harmonize individual rights with cultural and familial realities. It is also a valuable guide for individuals concerned with their own or loved ones’ choices at the end of life
How does hydrofluoroether affect the liquid structure, transport properties, and electrochemistry of localized high-concentration electrolytes?
Get PDFUnderstanding the effects of non-coordinating diluents on the physicochemical properties of localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) is essential for the rational design of battery electrolytes. In this study, we examined the effect of a hydrofluoroether (HFE), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, on the liquid structure, transport properties, and electrochemical reaction kinetics of a model LHCE containing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and HFE. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the Li+ solvation structure in the model LHCE remained largely unchanged upon dilution with HFE. The ion-pairing environment involving FSA− was also preserved, consistent with the weak coordinating ability of HFE. Although HFE did not coordinate with Li+, molecular dynamics simulations indicated weak interactions between HFE protons and FSA−, supporting its miscibility with the concentrated [LiFSA]/[DME] = 1/2 electrolyte. With increasing HFE content, viscosity decreased, while ionic conductivity reached a maximum at an intermediate LiFSA concentration owing to the trade-off between ion concentration and mobility. The diffusion coefficients increased with dilution; however, the decreasing molar conductivity/diffusivity ratio indicated a dynamic domain structure and prolonged ion-pair lifetime in the LHCEs. Electrochemical impedance analysis revealed that the charge-transfer reaction resistance at the LiMn2O4 electrode reached a minimum at an intermediate concentration ([LiFSA]/[DME]/[HFE] = 1/2/1), while the activation energy remained nearly constant. This finding indicates that HFE lowers viscosity without affecting the energy barrier for Li+ desolvation at the electrode–electrolyte interface. These findings demonstrate that non-coordinating diluents modulate the liquid structure, ion transport, and interfacial properties of LHCEs
Analysis of Cleaning Performance Affected by Denaturation and Degradation of Blood Protein
Get PDF横浜国立大学博士（工学）Doctor of Engineerin