Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU) Journals
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The Socio-Economic Dynamics of Begging in Gambari Quarters, Ilorin, Nigeria: A Historical Perspective in the Contemporary Era
Full text linkThe phenomenon of Almajirai, who are often referred to as beggars, has long been a feature of Northern Nigeria’s socio-economic landscape, rooted in the traditional Islamic educational system. However, in recent decades, this practice has extended to regions such as Ilorin, where the begging culture has taken on distinct characteristics. Despite its historical significance, the evolution of the begging and its impact on local communities, particularly in Gambari Quarters of Ilorin, which house the largest concentration of beggars in kwara State, Nigeria remains underexplored. This study aims to address the gap in understanding how the practice of begging has transformed in Gambari Quarters. The key issues to be interrogated include the socio-economic factors contributing to the rise in begging, the changing nature of begging practices, and the implications for both the individuals involved and the wider community. It will also assess communal and government intervention efforts on beggars (Almajiri) in the Quarters, and examine the challenges and implication of begging in Ilorin
Student Unions In Kenyan Universities: Representatives Or Political And Ethnic Puppets?
Full text linkThis paper provides an in-depth examination of the dual role of student unions in Kenyan universities, focusing on whether these unions function as authentic representatives of the student body or as tools manipulated by political and ethnic interests. By critically analyzing the historical evolution of student activism, the intersection of national politics with campus life, and the influence of ethnic dynamics within academic institutions, this study seeks to uncover the complex and often contentious nature of student leadership in Kenya. The research delves into the ways in which student unions, initially formed to advocate for students\u27 rights and welfare, have increasingly become embroiled in the broader political and ethnic struggles that define Kenyan society. By examining both the positive and negative impacts of political and ethnic manipulation on student unions, the study highlights the challenges these unions face in maintaining their independence and fulfilling their core mission of representing the interests of all students. The findings reveal a nuanced interplay between genuine student representation and the external pressures of political and ethnic affiliations, which often compromise the unity and effectiveness of student leadership
Socio-Economic Factors and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State
Full text linkAcademic achievement among secondary school students is shaped by multiple socio-economic and environmental factors, yet disparities in performance continue to challenge educational stakeholders. Socio-economic status, parental education level, and the home study environment have been identified as critical determinants of learning outcomes, but their relative influence in the Nigerian context remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the relationships, joint contributions, and relative effects of these variables on academic achievement in Ibadan, Oyo State. A descriptive survey design was employed, with three Local Government Areas Ibadan North, Ibadan South-West, and Egbeda, randomly selected. One public secondary school was chosen from each LGA, and 50 Senior Secondary School Two students were randomly drawn from each school, resulting in a total sample of 150 participants. Standardised instruments were used to assess socio-economic status, parental education, and home study environment, while academic achievement was measured using students’ most recent term examination scores. Ethical procedures, including informed consent and confidentiality, were strictly observed. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression techniques. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between socio-economic status, parental education level, home study environment, and academic achievement, with the home study environment exhibiting the strongest correlation (r = 0.524, p < 0.05). The combined model was significant (R² = 0.374, F = 28.97, p < 0.05), indicating that the three variables jointly explained 37.4% of the variance in academic performance. Home study environment contributed most strongly, followed by socio-economic status and parental education. The study concluded that socio-economic status, parental education, and home study environment are significant predictors of academic achievement, with the quality of the home learning environment being particularly influential. It is recommended that educational interventions focus on enhancing home study conditions, providing socio-economic support to families, and promoting parental engagement in education to improve student performance
Childhood Trauma, Academic Amotivation, and Parenting Styles as Predictors of Adolescent Substance Use in Akure, Nigeria
Full text linkAdolescent substance use represents a significant public health challenge that disrupts educational achievement, mental health, and long-term social adjustment. While prior studies have established childhood trauma and parenting as determinants, little is known about their interaction with academic amotivation within the Nigerian context. This study investigated childhood trauma, academic amotivation, and parenting styles as correlates of adolescent substance use in Akure, Ondo State. A descriptive survey research design was employed with 168 secondary school students selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Academic Motivation Scale, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between substance use and childhood trauma (r = 0.46), academic amotivation (r = 0.38), and neglectful, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles, while authoritative parenting showed a negative correlation (r = -0.29). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the predictors jointly accounted for 48% of the variance in adolescent substance use, with childhood trauma being the strongest contributor, followed by academic amotivation and neglectful parenting, and authoritative parenting demonstrating a protective effect. These findings underscore the interconnected role of personal, academic, and family factors in shaping adolescents’ risk behaviours. The study concludes that interventions to reduce substance use should integrate trauma-informed care, motivational enhancement strategies, and parental training to promote authoritative practices. It is recommended that schools, families, and community stakeholders collaborate to develop holistic prevention and intervention frameworks tailored to Nigerian adolescents
Corruption And Public Procurement Practices In Nigeria
Full text linkCorruption within public procurement has persistently posed a major obstacle to good governance and socio-economic development in Nigeria. As a critical mechanism for delivering goods, services, and infrastructure to the populace, public procurement is intended to ensure efficiency, transparency, and accountability; however, corrupt practices undermine these objectives. This study explored the nature and effects of corruption on public procurement in Nigeria, examining how such practices compromise service delivery and weaken institutional credibility. A historical research design was employed, utilizing secondary sources such as government reports, policy documents, scholarly articles, and textbooks to trace patterns of procurement-related corruption and identify systemic weaknesses over time. The study was guided by Public Accountability Theory, which asserts that public officials and institutions are obliged to be answerable for their decisions, actions, and management of public resources. This framework offers insight into how accountability mechanisms can curb or mitigate corrupt practices in procurement processes. Findings indicated that corruption in Nigeria’s public procurement is driven by weak institutional oversight, political interference, inadequate transparency, and limited enforcement of regulations. These conditions result in inflated contracts, misappropriation of funds, incomplete projects, and diminished public trust. Global experiences underscore the importance of strong monitoring systems, performance-based accountability, and active citizen participation in promoting transparency and improving procurement outcomes. The study concluded that tackling corruption in public procurement requires a combination of legal reforms, institutional strengthening, digital innovations, and active citizen engagement. The study recommended, among others, that the Nigerian government should strengthen oversight institutions by fully constituting the Procurement Councils at the federal and state levels and empowering them to monitor procurement activities, detect irregularities, and sanction offenders consistently
Strategic Employee Benefits for Optimizing Organizational Performance and Employee Productivity in Nigeria
Full text linkThe paper examines the effects of employee benefit programs on how companies perform and the productivity of their employees in Nigeria. In this analysis, we surveyed 300 employees in the finance, healthcare, education, and technology sectors to examine the importance and outcomes of professional development, health insurance, paid leave, retirement plans, and flexible work hours. According to statistical analysis, the reason employees are more productive is that 65% of the difference is due to professional development and health insurance. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) helps point out that benefits can be affected differently by sector, which supports the need for unique Human Resources (HR) strategies by industry. It means organizations should design benefits that suit the particular needs of their staff to help them perform their best. Creating HR strategies that fit the needs of different industries can boost satisfaction among workers and raise the company’s performance. Likewise, organizations should keep evaluating and changing their benefit programs so that they continue to fit what their staff needs and motivate them to stay involved. Nigerian firms should make better use of benefit design for better performance and competitiveness
Exposure to Domestic Violence, Anger Expression, and Coping Strategies as Predictors of Aggressive Behaviour among In-School Adolescents in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigated how exposure to domestic violence, anger expression, and coping strategies predict aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design with a correlational approach, data were collected from 250 adolescents aged 13–19 years in selected public secondary schools through a three-stage multistage sampling technique. Standardized instruments were utilized, including the Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale (Evans et al., 2008), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Spielberger, 1999), Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (Patterson & McCubbin, 1987), and Aggressive Behaviour Scale (Buss & Perry, 1992). Data were analysed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between exposure to domestic violence and aggressive behaviour (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) as well as between anger expression and aggression (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Conversely, coping strategies correlated negatively with aggressive behaviour (r = –0.37, p < 0.01), showing that adaptive coping skills mitigate aggression. The joint contribution of the predictors was statistically significant (R = 0.62, R² = 0.38, F(3,246) = 33.67, p < 0.05), explaining 38% of the variance in aggression. In terms of relative contribution, exposure to domestic violence (β = 0.41, t = 7.00, p < 0.01) emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by anger expression (β = 0.33, t = 5.14, p < 0.01), while coping strategies (β = –0.21, t = –3.50, p < 0.05) had a negative contribution. These findings suggest that adolescents exposed to domestic violence and with poor anger regulation are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviour, whereas effective coping mechanisms reduce such tendencies. The study concludes that family environment and emotional regulation are critical determinants of adolescent aggression. It recommends that school-based counselling programmes should strengthen emotional regulation and adaptive coping strategies among students. Additionally, parents and caregivers should be educated on the adverse psychological effects of domestic violence to promote healthier emotional development in adolescents
Examining the effect of tuition structure on enrollment dynamics in faith-based private Universities: Evidence from IUIU–Female Campus (2015–2023)
Full text linkAccess to higher education remains a central pillar for human capital development and gender equity in Uganda. However, tuition affordability continues to shape students’ access and retention, particularly in private universities that depend heavily on tuition income. This study examined the relationship between tuition structure and student enrollment trends at the Islamic University in Uganda – Female Campus (IUIU-FC) from 2015 to 2023. Specifically, the research aimed to: (i) analyze the effect of tuition expenditure on student enrollment; (ii) examine the responsiveness of enrollment to changes in tuition fees; and (iii) investigate the moderating factors influencing the tuition–enrollment relationship. The study employed a quantitative, correlational, and longitudinal design, using secondary data obtained from IUIU-FC\u27s financial and admission records, as well as the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) \u27s annual reports. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques in SPSS v.26. The model results revealed an Adjusted R² of 0.435, indicating that tuition expenditure explained 43.5 percent of the variation in student enrollment during the study period. Regression coefficients showed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between tuition expenditure and enrollment (β = 0.705, p > 0.05) and an inelastic response of enrollment to tuition changes (β = 0.574, p = 0.137 > 0.05). These results suggest that changes in tuition fees did not significantly influence student enrollment at IUIU-FC, implying that female students’ enrollment decisions were more shaped by non-economic factors, such as institutional reputation, flexible payment options, and scholarship opportunities. The findings support Human Capital Theory (Becker, 1964) and Price Elasticity Theory of Demand (Marshall, 1890), showing that tuition affects educational investment decisions but that demand for higher education among female students is relatively inelastic. The study concludes that while tuition expenditure moderately explains variations in enrollment, other socio-economic, cultural, and policy variables play greater roles. It recommends the adoption of gender-responsive tuition policies, expansion of scholarship and bursary schemes, diversification of institutional revenue streams, and enhanced community sensitization on the value of women’s education
Academic Disengagement, Socioeconomic Status, and Peer Pressure as Predictors of Smoking Behaviour among Adolescents in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State
Full text linkSmoking among adolescents remains a critical public health concern, influenced by a combination of personal, social, and environmental factors. This study examined the relationships between academic disengagement, socioeconomic status, peer pressure, and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive correlational design, a sample of 113 adolescents was selected through multi-stage sampling. Standardized instruments measured academic disengagement, socioeconomic status, peer pressure, and smoking behaviour. Results indicated significant positive correlations between smoking behaviour and academic disengagement (r = .54, p < .01), peer pressure (r = .58, p < .01), and socioeconomic status (r = .41, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the three variables jointly accounted for 56% of the variance in smoking behaviour (R² = .56, F(3, 109) = 46.21, p < .01), with peer pressure (β = .31) contributing the most, followed by academic disengagement (β = .29) and socioeconomic status (β = .21). The findings underscore the multidimensional nature of adolescent smoking behaviour, highlighting the need for interventions that simultaneously address academic engagement, peer influence, and socioeconomic challenges. Implications for counselling, school-based prevention programmes, and community support structures are discussed
Linking Finance To Access: The Role Of Institutional Expenditure In Shaping Admission And Enrollment Outcomes At IUIU–Females’ Campus (2015/2016–2022/2023).
Full text linkEducation financing and institutional admission policies are critical determinants of access and participation in higher education, especially in female-centered institutions. This study examined the relationship between expenditure, admission rate, and enrollment rate at the Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU)–Females’ Campus, Kabojja, covering the period 2015/2016 to 2022/2023. Specifically, the study sought to (i) examine the relationship between the rate of admission and the rate of enrollment, and (ii) examine the relationship between institutional expenditure and the rate of enrollment at IUIU–Females’ Campus. The study adopted a positivist paradigm using a quantitative correlational research design. Secondary data were extracted from the university’s annual admission, enrollment, and expenditure records for the eight academic years under review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product-moment correlation to determine the relationships between the study variables. Reliability and validity were ensured through the use of verified institutional records and consistent data extraction procedures. The findings revealed a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between the rate of admission and the rate of enrollment (r = 0.820, p = 0.013), implying that enrollment growth was largely dependent on increased admission opportunities. Conversely, a weak positive but statistically non-significant relationship was found between expenditure and enrollment rate (r = 0.299, p = 0.472), suggesting that increased institutional spending did not necessarily translate into higher student enrollment during the study period. These results imply that while expanding admission capacity directly enhances female participation, expenditure alone may have limited influence if not strategically directed toward enrollment-supportive initiatives. The study concludes that admission policies and institutional intake capacity play a greater role in shaping female enrollment trends at IUIU–Females’ Campus than expenditure levels alone. It recommends that the university strengthen its admission systems, align financial planning with enrollment objectives, and adopt gender-responsive budgeting to enhance access and equity. The findings contribute to the literature on resource dependence theory and human capital theory, emphasizing the need for efficient allocation of resources to achieve meaningful educational participation among female learners in Uganda’s higher education institutions