Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU) Journals
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When Does Debt Hinder Growth? Threshold Effects of External Borrowing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Full text linkThe relationship between external debt and economic growth has long attracted scholarly debate, yet the precise threshold at which debt becomes harmful remains underexplored, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies largely emphasised linear relationships, overlooking the possibility of nonlinear dynamics in the debt–growth nexus. This study aimed to examine the nonlinear impact of external debt on economic growth in SSA, with the specific objective of identifying the debt threshold beyond which borrowing turns detrimental. Using the Dynamic Panel Threshold Model and data spanning 1996–2023 across SSA countries, the study estimated regime-specific effects of external debt while accounting for growth persistence and macroeconomic fundamentals. The results revealed a clear threshold effect at 60.07% of GDP. When external debt remained below this level, its negative impact on growth was weak and statistically insignificant, implying that moderate borrowing could complement domestic resources under sound fiscal management. However, once debt exceeded the threshold, its adverse effect became strong and statistically significant, consistent with the debt overhang hypothesis. At high debt levels, fiscal space contracted, productive investment declined, and growth determinants such as capital formation, labour, and human capital weakened. The study concluded that external debt supports growth in SSA only within sustainable limits but acts as an impediment once thresholds are breached. To address slow growth, persistent fiscal deficits, and rising debt burdens, policymakers must strengthen debt management frameworks, enhance domestic revenue mobilisation, and allocate borrowed funds to productive and growth-enhancing sectors
The Evolution of Ndombolo Dance: From Traditional Roots to Global Popularity
Full text linkThis paper examines the evolution of Ndombolo dance, tracing its journey from traditional Congolese musical and dance traditions to its emergence as a global cultural phenomenon. Rooted in the rhythmic structures of rumba and soukous, Ndombolo embodies the fusion of indigenous aesthetics with modern performance styles. The study explores how Ndombolo has functioned as both an artistic expression and a cultural text, reflecting social themes such as love, liberation, gender, and political commentary. It highlights how debates surrounding morality, censorship, and gender representation have shaped its trajectory within Africa, while transnational migration, diasporic communities, and digital platforms have facilitated its global diffusion. Ndombolo’s influence on contemporary African and diasporic music scenes underscores its resilience as a symbol of cultural pride and innovation. The paper argues that Ndombolo’s evolution illustrates the adaptive power of African popular culture, demonstrating how local traditions negotiate and thrive within global cultural flows
Security Of Nigeria\u27s Border, Arms Smuggling And Criminalities In The North West And North Central Nigeria.: `
Full text linkThis study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationships between border security, arms smuggling, and the escalating levels of criminality in North West and North Central Nigeria, through the lens of the Failing State Theory. The specific objectives were to; examine the impact of border security on the increasing level of criminality in the North West and North Central Nigeria and also investigate the impact of arms smuggling on the escalating criminality in the region; The sampling technique adopted was cross-sessional survey where a combination of stratified and simple random sampling techniques was used to select 400 respondents from 1,902 sampled population. The sample size of 400 was determined using Taro Yamane. All together 450 questionnaires were administered to the selected respondents and 400 were retrieved. Six key informants were interviewed physically out of which three came from North West and the remaining three from North Central. A simple linear regression was used to analyze the data collected on each of the variable while multiple regression was used to conduct analysis on the comparism that exist between the dependent and independent variables used in the study. The study recommends establishment of a robust border management agency through The Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) which will further promote a reliable security at the border. More so, The Nigeria Custom Service (NCS) should help to improve intelligence gathering, and targeted economic empowerment programs, aim to inform evidence-based policy interventions to mitigate the devastating consequences of arms smuggling and criminality in Nigeria. The research also underscores the need for community-based initiatives by the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) to address socio-economic drivers of criminality, such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Ultimately, this also recommends that The Nigeria Armed Forces(NAF) should facilitates effective strategies to combat arms smuggling, banditry, and related criminality in Nigeria, and promote regional and global securit
Childhood Trauma, Peer Influence, and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Deviant Behaviour among In-School Adolescents in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the predictive influence of childhood trauma, peer influence, and self-esteem on deviant behaviour among in-school adolescents in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 192 adolescents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from four public secondary schools. Data were collected using standardized instruments, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Peer Influence Scale (PIS), and the Deviant Behaviour Inventory (DBI). Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that all predictor variables were significantly associated with deviant behaviour. Childhood trauma showed the strongest positive correlation with deviant behaviour (r = .56, p < 0.01), followed by peer influence (r = .52, p < 0.01), while self-esteem had a significant negative correlation (r = –.48, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that childhood trauma, peer influence, and self-esteem jointly accounted for 48% of the variance in deviant behaviour (R = .69, R² = .48, F(3,188) = 57.32, p < .001). Relative contributions showed that childhood trauma was the strongest predictor (β = .39, t = 6.83, p < .001), followed by peer influence (β = .34, t = 5.14, p < .001), and self-esteem (β = –.28, t = –4.83, p < .001). These findings highlight the interplay of adverse experiences, social influences, and psychological resources in shaping adolescent behaviour. The study recommends trauma-informed school programs, peer mentoring initiatives, and interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem to reduce deviant behaviour among adolescents
Learning Styles, Teaching Strategies, and Academic Achievement among Basic Science Pupils in Ife East Local Government, Osun State
Full text linkThis study examined the influence of learning styles and teaching strategies on academic achievement among Basic Science pupils in Ife East Local Government, Osun State. The purpose was to determine the relationships, joint contribution, and relative predictive power of these variables on pupils’ academic performance. A descriptive survey design was employed, involving 126 pupils selected through purposive sampling from six primary and junior secondary schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on learning styles, teaching strategies, and pupils’ Basic Science scores. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression analyses were conducted to answer the research questions. Results revealed significant positive relationships between learning styles and academic achievement (r = .58, p < .01) and between teaching strategies and academic achievement (r = .63, p < .01). Learning styles and teaching strategies jointly accounted for 49% of the variance in academic achievement (R² = .49, F(2, 123) = 52.47, p < .05). Relative contributions indicated that teaching strategies (β = .50, p < .01) had a slightly stronger influence than learning styles (β = .45, p < .01) on pupils’ performance. The findings underscore the importance of aligning teaching methods with pupils’ learning preferences to enhance understanding, engagement, and overall academic success. Based on the results, it is recommended that teachers adopt flexible, learner-centred strategies, conduct regular assessments of pupils’ learning styles, and implement instructional methods that accommodate diverse preferences. The study contributes to improving Basic Science education by highlighting the interplay between instructional approaches and individual learning characteristics in the Nigerian educational context
Water Quality Evaluation of Dadin Kowa Reservoir for Human Consumption, Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria
Full text linkThe study investigated the water quality of Dadin Kowa Reservoir situated in Gombe State, Northeaster Nigeria. The study 1: Evaluated the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the raw water 2. Identified potential sources of contamination affecting the water quality of the reservoir. And 3. Assessed the suitability of the untreated reservoir water for direct human consumption. Data were collected through systematic sampling that covered the depth, width and Length of the reservoir. The raw water was analyzed for key indicators including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, heavy metals, and microbial contaminants such as coliforms and E. coli. The results was then compared with the national (NAFDAC) and international (WHO) drinking water standards. Findings reveal varying degrees of contamination influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors within the catchment. The rainy season water index gave a value of 339.18 while the dray season index gave a value of 298.87 which by far have exceeded the WHO standard for drinking water which stands as 0 -50 as good and drinkable water, 51 – 100 as bad water and any value above 100 as unfit for drinking. Thus the result shows that the raw reservoir water is not fit for human consumption. The study thus recommends treatment before consumption. The Catchment also need to be managed to minimize denudation processes through which much of the contaminants find their way into the dam. The result also underscores the need for integrated water quality monitoring to safeguard public health in the study area
Peer Relationships, Social Support, and School Climate on Educational Outcomes of Secondary School Learners in Epe, Lagos State
Full text linkAcademic performance among secondary school learners is influenced by multiple psychosocial and environmental factors. Peer relationships, social support, and school climate are critical determinants of educational outcomes, yet their relative and joint contributions remain underexplored in the Nigerian context, particularly in Epe, Lagos State. Understanding these factors can inform interventions aimed at improving student achievement and overall learning experiences. The study adopted a quantitative survey design, targeting students from public secondary schools in Epe. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 198 students from six randomly chosen schools. Standardised instruments were used, including the Peer Relationship Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and School Climate Inventory, alongside self-reported academic outcomes corroborated with teachers’ records. Data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression to examine relationships, joint contributions, and relative contributions of the independent variables to educational outcomes. Findings revealed that all three predictors were positively associated with educational outcomes. Peer relationships showed a moderate positive correlation with academic performance (r = .42), social support exhibited a moderate correlation (r = .38), and school climate had the strongest correlation (r = .46). Collectively, the three variables jointly explained 39% of the variance in educational outcomes. Regarding relative contributions, school climate emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by peer relationships, and then social support, indicating that teacher support and perceived safety have the greatest unique impact on student achievement. The study concludes that educational outcomes are significantly shaped by both relational and environmental factors. Stakeholders should prioritise enhancing school climate, promoting positive peer interactions, and strengthening social support networks. Integrated interventions targeting these areas are recommended to maximise student achievement. Future research could investigate additional contextual factors such as socio-economic status and teacher-student relationships
Evaluating the Impact of Administrative Framework of the Criminal Justice System on Awaiting Trial Inmates in Nigeria: Insights from Kwara State
Full text linkThe thrust of this paper is to assess the impact of the administrative framework of the criminal justice system on the growing number of awaiting trial inmates across correctional facilities in Kwara State. The study adopted the system theory as its theoretical framework for the study. This is in addition to the cross-sectional research design employed. The methodology consisted of primary and secondary data. The primary data were sourced through structured interviews and secondary data through journal, internet and newspapers. The study population was drawn from different institutions responsible for the implementation and administration of criminal justice. These include the Nigeria Police, officials of the Nigeria Correctional Service, and judges, within the justice delivery system, while the data analysis was presented in thematic or narrative forms. The study revealed that administrative functions such as staffing, delegation, planning, and coordination of affairs within the component units of the criminal justice system have been inadequately administered leading to delays in justice delivery, it was also discovered that budgetary constraints negatively affected the administration and constitutional hitches. The study recommended increased budgetary allocation to all stakeholders in criminal justice administration in Nigeria. It also advocates for the infusion of information and communications technology within the court system in Kwara State judiciary. The study will no doubt provide insight to government agencies and researcher’s on the key administrative challenges faced in the administration of criminal justice and other sister agencies and also provides policy recommendations in addressing such challenges
Drivers of Surface Processes on the Bama Beach Ridge: A Quantitative Analysis of Rainfall, Vegetation and Sediment Transport
Full text linkThis study investigates the combined influence of rainfall characteristics, vegetation dynamics, and runoff generation on sediment yield on the Bama Beach Ridge (BBR) in the Sudano–Sahelian zone of northeastern Nigeria. Field observations were carried out on a 0.002-ha artificial catchment located on a 5% grazing slope during the 1990 and 1991 rainy seasons. Rainfall was measured using an automatic siphon-type rain gauge (German model), while runoff and sediment yield were monitored with a discharge recorder and sediment collection tank. Grass growth and density were assessed using fixed quadrats. A total of 107 discrete rainfall events were recorded, with approximately 71% delivering less than 10 mm of rainfall and producing no runoff. Runoff occurred only when rainfall exceeded threshold values of 20 mm in amount and 15 mm h⁻¹ in intensity. Event-based analysis indicates that maximum rainfall intensity is the primary control on runoff generation and sediment transport, accounting for 82% of runoff variability. Partial correlation analysis further shows that rainfall intensity, the timing of events within the rainy season, and grass density together explain 93% of the variation in sediment yield. Sediment production was highest at the beginning of the rainy season, when vegetation cover was sparse and surface materials were loosely consolidated, and declined as vegetation density increased. Total sediment yield in 1991 was 3,095.62 g, corresponding to a mean erosion rate of 15.49 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ (154.9 kg ha⁻¹). The transported material was predominantly sandy (75–85%), with very fine sand forming the largest fraction. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall intensity thresholds and vegetation recovery in controlling hillslope erosion in semi-arid savannah landscapes and provide insight relevant to erosion management and geomorphic modeling
The Body as a Site for Trauma and Memory in Woman at Point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi
Full text linkThis paper examines Nawal El Saadawi\u27s Woman at Point Zero to show how it offers a powerful exploration of the female body as a site for trauma and memory. Through the experiences of Firdaus, a woman imprisoned for killing her pimp, the novel digs into the ways in which women\u27s bodies are constructed, controlled, and exploited in patriarchal societies. The paper delves deeper into the manifestations of trauma depicted in the novel with emphasis on how Firdaus’ body is utilised. Basing on Caruth’s Trauma Studies, a critical look at trauma manifests in the novel is seen. Using close reading, this paper examines the female body as a central metaphor in Woman at Point Zero to shed a light on the complex relationship between trauma, gender, and power. The body is portrayed as a site for trauma through physical abuse, sexual exploitation and commodification. It is depicted as a site for memory through embodied experiences and scars. However, it is also used as a tool for resistance against patriarchal domination. These findings imply that the female body is symbol that captures the complexities of trauma, gender, and power within patriarchal societies. It serves as a powerful reminder of the resilience of the human spirit and the idea that a body can be used for challenging oppressive structures