JOOUST Repository (Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology)

APB 2210

PLANT GROWTH PROCESSES

ITB 1106

FUNDAMENTALS OF ICT

WAB 2304

METHODS OF ACTUARIAL INVESTIGATIONS II

PPB 1414

Green and Brown Agenda in Planning

ICB1306

INFORMATION SYSTEM CONTROL AND AUDIT

PNB 1316

WATER SUPPLY II

BAB 1206

COST ACCOUNTING

APT 3321

Perennial Crops

ITB2408

 
1 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  
SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE SCIENCES 
COURSE TITLE: IT Governance and Strategy for Business 
 
COURSE CODE: ITB 2408  
DATE: 15/4/2025 
TIME: 2HOURS 
SESSION: 15.00-17.00 
VENUE; E LEARNING 
 
ANSWER QUESTION ONE and ANY OTHER TWO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
2 
 
Question ONE (30 marks) 
a) What are the key differences between IT governance and IT management? (6 Marks) 
b) What are the fundamental principles of good IT governance? Give at least SIX (6 
marks) 
c) How does IT governance address cybersecurity risks? (8 marks) 
d) Explain the importance of business continuity planning (BCP) and disaster recovery 
planning (DRP) in IT governance (6 marks) 
e) Describe the importance of stakeholder engagement in the development and 
implementation of IT governance changes (4 marks) 
Question TWO (20 marks) 
a) How does IT contribute to the strategic goals and objectives of an organization? (10 
Marks) 
b) Explain the importance of aligning IT strategy with overall business strategy? (10 
Marks) 
 
Question THREE (20 marks) 
a) Critique the below standards and frameworks (15 marks) 
i. AS8015 
ii. COBIT, and  
iii. ISO/IEC 38500  
b) Discuss the relevance of ITIL in IT service management and its relation to 
governance (5 marks) 
Question FOUR (20 marks) 
a) Explain IT Governance issues in the 21st century (10 marks) 
b) How can a team best document and communicate IT governance structures? (10 
marks) 
Question FIVE (20 marks) 
a) What are the best practices for bridging the gap between business and IT 
stakeholders? Give and elaborate 5 practices (10 marks) 
b) What are the governance challenges related to managing a distributed and remote 
workforce? Give and explain five challenges (10 marks) 
 


IT Governance and Strategy for Business

SBB 1405

 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY  
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ACTURIAL 
SCIENCES 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION 
SCIENCE AND BACHELOR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 
4
th
 YEAR 2
nd 
SEMESTER 2025/2026 ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN CAMPUS - REGULAR 
COURSE CODE:   SBB 1405 
COURSE TITLE:    PLANT PATHOLOGY 
EXAM VENUE:ZOOLAB             STREAM: (B.ED  SCIENCE/ BSC BIOLOGICAL 
SCIENCES  
DATE:14/4/25      
TIME: 2 HOURS 
Instructions: 
1. Answer ALL questions in Section A and Any two questions in Section B 
2. Candidates are advised not to write on question paper 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the 
examination room  
 
 
  
 
 
SECTION A (30 Marks) Answer all questions 
1. Differentiate between 'seed infection' and 'seed infestation' with suitable examples. (3 
marks) 
2. Explain the role of the cuticle in pre-existing structural defense mechanisms in plants. (3 
marks) 
3. What is the hypersensitive response (HR) in plants, and how does it contribute to defense 
against pathogens? (3 marks) 
4. Explain the difference between compound interest diseases and simple interest diseases 
in plant pathology. (3 marks) 
5. What is the Disease Triangle, and how does it help in understanding plant disease 
development? (3 marks) 
6. Outline the general principles of plant disease management and give an example of each 
principle. (3 marks) 
7. Explain the principle of "Avoidance" in plant disease management and provide two 
examples of how it can be achieved. (3 marks) 
8. Describe the importance of plant quarantine regulations in disease management, 
particularly with reference to domestic and foreign quarantine. (3 marks) 
9. What is the role of biological control in managing plant diseases, and list two 
mechanisms by which biological control agents work? (3 marks) 
10. How does the selection of geographical area influence disease management, and provide 
an example of a disease that is more severe in wet areas compared to dry areas? (3 
marks) 
 
SECTION B (40 Marks) Answer any 2 questions 
11. Discuss the general principles of plant disease management, highlighting the importance 
of each principle in controlling plant diseases 20 marks 
12. Analyze how the understanding of plant diseases evolved from superstitions to the 
identification of pathogens and their role in disease transmission. 20 marks 
13. Define and discuss the relevance of the following terms disease, disorder, pathogen, 
parasite, pathogenicity, pathogenesis, sign, symptom, syndrome, biotroph, hemibiotroph, 
and necrotroph in understanding plant diseases and their management 20 marks 
14. Explain the various sources of survival of plant pathogens, highlighting the mechanisms 
involved in their persistence and the role of these survival strategies in the initiation and 
spread of plant diseases. (20 marks) 
 
 
 


PLANT PATHOLOGY

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