JOOUST Repository (Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology)

ICB1406

CYBERCRIME AND THE LAW

ZLB 9111

INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

ZRB 9302

 
 
OASIS OF KNOWLE
DGE  
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEDEGREE OF BACHELOR OF 
EDUCATION WITH IT 
3
RD
 YEAR 2
ND
   SEMESTER 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN CAMPUS – REGULAR 
 
COURSE CODE: ZRB 9302  
COURSE TITLE: NEW TESTAMENT EPISTLES 
EXAM VENUE: LAB 16                                                  STREAM:  BED ARTS 
DATE: 14/4/25                                                               EXAM SESSION:9-11.00 AM 
TIME: 2 HOURS 
 
INTRODUCTIONS: 
1. Answer Question 1 (COMPULSORY) and Any TWO questions 
2. Candidates are advised not write on the Question paper 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the 
examination room. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q1. (a) Discuss the contents of the Pauline corpus      (20 marks) 
 
(b) Highlight the significance of the literary sense in the study of the New Testament 
epistles           (10 marks) 
 
Q2. Enumerate the issues in Corinth that Apostle Paul sought to address in 1 & 2 Corinthians 
(20 marks) 
 
Q3. Discuss the authorship of the Pastoral Epistles and state why they were written  (20 
marks) 
 
Q4. In the study of the letters of Paul, theologians argue that Paul himself was an interpreter 
of a tradition. Discuss        (20 marks) 
 
Q5. Examine the contents of the Catholic Epistles in the New Testament (20 marks) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


NEW TESTAMENT EPISTLES

AAE 5114

 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY AND BIODIVERSITY 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION 
 
FINAL FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS FOR THE 
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCEINCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND EXTENSION 
EDUCATION  
2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 
 
  
COURSE CODE: AAE 5114 
 
COURSE TITLE:  AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS   
EXAM VENUE:     STREAM: PhD FSSA 
 
DATE:      EXAM SESSION: 
 
TIME: 3 HOURS 
 
 
 
 
Instructions: 
 
1. Answer ALL questions. 
2.  Candidates are advised not to write on question paper. 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the 
examination room. 
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS  
 
Q1. From a practical production, administration and management point of view, 'all agriculture' 
can be regarded as consisting of sets of systems. 
a) Discuss the THREE broad families or divisions into which Agricultural systems can be 
classified.                                                                                                        (9 Marks) 
b) Identify FOUR basic rules that must be followed for a system to be environmentally 
sustainable.                                                                                                        (3 Marks) 
c) Explain the Green Support Program (GSP) and how it relates to sustainable agriculture.              
.                                                                                                                              (3 Marks) 
Q2. There are many specialties within ecology: marine, vegetation, and statistical ecology. These 
provide us with information to better understand the world around us.  
a) Discuss any THREE examples illustrating the ways that ecological knowledge has 
positively influenced people’s lives.                                                                    (6 Marks) 
b) What is plant-animal interactions?                                                                        (3 Marks) 
c) Discuss the following as forms of Species Interactions in the Ecosystem.        (6 Marks) 
i. Mutualism 
ii.  Resource competition 
iii.  Parasitism 
Q3. The Earth’s climate is changing because of increasing anthropogenic emissions of 
greenhouse gases. Globally, the atmosphere and the oceans are warming.  
a) State and briefly discuss any THREE practices that governments and other funding 
agencies must prioritize to promote transitions to climate-resilient agricultural systems.       
.                                                                                                                              (9 Marks) 
b) Describe “Managing climate risks and reducing vulnerability” and “Building supportive 
international policy frameworks” as among the essential elements crucial to move 
towards climate resiliency.                                                                               (6 Marks) 
Q4. It is instructive to examine the distribution of rural poverty across the farming systems. In 
broad terms, there are five main strategies to improve farm household livelihoods.     (10 Marks) 
a) Write short notes on:  
a. Expanded farm or herd size 
b. Increased off-farm income, both agricultural and non-agricultural. 
c. A complete exit from agricultural production within a particular farming system 
as strategies to improve farm household livelihoods.  
b) Looking forward FOUR decades to 2050, African food systems face triple challenges, 
discuss.                                                                                                                  (5 Marks) 


AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

BAB 1104

 
Page 1 of 7 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS 
ADMINISTRATION WITH IT/ BACHELOR OF EDUCATION ARTS WITH IT/ 
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION SPECIAL NEEDS  
1ST YEAR 1ST SEMESTER 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN / KISUMU CAMPUS 
COURSE CODE: BAB 1104 
COURSE TITLE: MANAGEMENT MATHEMATICS I 
EXAM VENUE:                          STREAM: (BBA/BED ARTS/SNE  
DATE: 24/04/2025    EXAM SESSION: 9.00 – 11.00 AM 
TIME: 2   HOURS  
 
Instructions: 
1. Answer   QUESTION ONE and any other TWO questions 
2. Candidates are advised not to write on the question paper. 
3. Candidates must hand in their answer booklets to the invigilator while in the 
examination room. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OASIS OF KNOWLE
DG
E
 
Page 2 of 7 
 
 
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)- COMPULSORY 
a. (i)Using relevant examples, differentiate Singleton  from an  Empty set as used in set 
theory: 
                                                                                                                          (4 marks) 
(ii) Given that A= {a, b} B={c, d}   C= {b, d}.                                                                              
Verify that :  A∩(B∪C)≠(A∩B)∪ C                                                           (5 marks) 
                                                      
 
 
 
b. Assume that consumption C depends on income Y according to the function  
C = a + bY , where a and b are parameters. If C is £600 when Y is £400 and C is £900 
when Y is £800,  
Required: 
i. the values of the parameters a and b?        (4 marks) 
ii. the value of C if Y = £550         (2 marks) 
 
c. Mr. Natendechere expects to receive the following amounts of income at the end of each 
year   for the next three years 
 
Year     Ksh 
  1    280,000,000 
  2    166,000,000 
  3    150,000,000 
How much is this worth in terms of present value if his rate of time preference is 10% 
and the amounts are discounted at this rate                                            (5 marks) 
          
d. (i). Differentiate between Domain and Range                         (2 marks) 
(ii). Given that 𝑓(x, y, z) =
2xy−5z+3
3
 , find 𝑓(−2,4,1)                        (3 marks) 
 
e. A project P costs US $ 100,000 to invest in and is expected to pay back US $100 ,000 in 
year one and US $20,000  in year two and nothing thereafter.  
 
Required: 
  Determine the project’s Internal Rate of Return   (IRR)       (5 marks) 
 
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) 
a. If U={a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,p,q,t} is a universal set,  A={a,b,c,d}, B={b,d,e,f} and 
D={a,f,g,p,q,r}, find, 
i. 𝑇 ∖ 𝐴            (1 mark) 
ii. 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐            (3 marks) 
iii. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐷           (2 marks) 
 
b. (i)What is Power set?                (1 mark) 
(ii)Determine the power set of B in (a) above                                              (3 marks) 
 
 
Page 3 of 7 
 
c. Out of three sports Rugby, football and Hockey, 240 students were asked to state their 
preferences. 120 preferred football, 172 preferred rugby and 128 preferred hockey. 64 
preferred rugby and football, 76 preferred rugby and hockey and 68 preferred football 
and hockey. 
Required: 
i. Present the above information using a venn diagram                                 (4 marks) 
ii. the number of students who preferred all the three sports                          (2 marks) 
iii. The number of students preferred at least 2 sports                         (2 marks) 
iv. The number of students who preferred only one sport                           (2 marks) 
 
QUESTION THREE (20MARKS) 
Consider the following investment projects each of which needs an initial outlay of 
Kshs1,200,000 but give different net cash flows. The cost of capital is 20% 
 
 
Year  1  2  3  4  5      6 
Project X 350,000 400,000 450,000 250,000 400,000    100,000 
Project Y  200,000 400,000 550,000 150,000 200,000    120,000 
 
Required: 
a) Determine the payback period (PBP) for each of these investment projects and state 
which   project will be favoured by this method and why?                                                    
(7marks) 
 
b) Calculate the net present value (NPV) of each project and state which project will be 
undertaken and why?                                                     (9 marks) 
 
c) State four disadvantages of PBP as method of investment project appraisal  (4 marks) 
 
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) 
a) A group of students start a small company that produces Cakes. Their weekly profit is 
defined by a quadratic function of the form :  𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄  where x is the 
number of cakes sold. 
Given that when they sell 10 cakes, their ptofit is Kshs400, when they sell 20 cakes 
their profit is Kshs1800 and when they sell 25 cakes their profit is Kshs2650 
 
Required: 
i. The profit function              (8 marks) 
 
ii. The profit when they sell 120 cakes            (2 marks) 
 
 
 
Page 4 of 7 
 
 
(b) Research has shown that output Y of a firm is related to labour (L) and capital (K) as 
follows. 
Y = aL + bK + cKL. 
 
From previous observations, the following was recorded: the output was 1610 when 
labour was 9 units and capital was 4 units; the output was 2100 when labour was 10 units 
and capital 5 units. Finally output was 3260 when labour was 12 units and capital 7 units 
Required: 
i. Formulate a 3x3 system of linear equations                                    (3 marks) 
 
ii. Solve the system of linear equations                                               (6 marks)   
             
iii.  Write the function of output in terms of labour and capital            (1 mark) 
 
QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) 
(a) (i) Differentiate between compounding and discounting.                                    (2 marks) 
 
      (ii) Hence highlight any three differences between FVIF and PVIF                    (3 marks) 
 
      (iii) Your younger sister has just won Ksh. 200,000 in “Mavuno Tele” promotion and 
plans to invest the amount immediately. Two options are available for her. Either deposit in 
Bank A which attracts 12% interest compounded semiannually or bank B which attracts an 
interest of 8% compounded monthly.   Advise her on the best investment option.                      
.                                                                                                                               (7 marks)    
 
(c) (i) What is an annuity?                                                                                        (2 marks) 
 
(ii) Suppose you are planning for education of your son and you discover that you will have 
to meet your son’s tuition payments for a self-sponsored program in medicine at the 
University at a cost of Ksh.650, 000 p.a for the next six years. You therefore wish to 
deposit enough money today in an investment whose interest rate is 5% p.a. to meet your 
son’s tuition payments. How much will you deposit today/now in lumpsome to meet this 
obligation?  
                                                                                                                                    (6 marks) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5 of 7 
 
Present Value Table (PVIF) 
i. Present value of 1 i.e.  PVIF = (1 + r)–n 
Where r  = discount rate 
n = number of periods until payment 
 
Discount rate (r) 
period 
(n) 
1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 
1 0.990  0.980  0.971  0.962  0.952  0.943  0.935  0.926  0.917  0.909  
2 0.980  0.961  0.943  0.925  0.907  0.890  0.873  0.857  0.842  0.826  
3 0.971  0.942  0.915  0.889  0.864  0.840  0.816  0.794  0.772  0.751  
4 0.961  0.924  0.888  0.855  0.823  0.792  0.763  0.735  0.708  0.683  
5 0.951  0.906  0.863  0.822  0.784  0.747  0.713  0.681  0.650  0.621  
           
6 0.942  0.888  0.837  0.790  0.746  0.705  0.666  0.630  0.596  0.564  
7 0.933  0.871  0.813  0.760  0.711  0.665  0.623  0.583  0.547  0.513  
8 0.923  0.853  0.789  0.731  0.677  0.627  0.582  0.540  0.502  0.467  
9 0.914  0.837  0.766  0.703  0.645  0.592  0.544  0.500  0.460  0.424  
10 0.905  0.820  0.744  0.676  0.614  0.558  0.508  0.463  0.422  0.386  
           
11 0.896  0.804  0.722  0.650  0.585  0.527  0.475  0.429  0.388  0.350  
12 0.887  0.788  0.701  0.625  0.557  0.497  0.444  0.397  0.356  0.319  
13 0.879  0.773  0.681  0.601  0.530  0.469  0.415  0.368  0.326  0.290  
14 0.870  0.758  0.661  0.577  0.505  0.442  0.388  0.340  0.299  0.263  
15 0.861  0.743  0.642  0.555  0.481  0.417  0.362  0.315  0.275  0.239  
           
(n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% 
           
1 0.901  0.893  0.885  0.877  0.870  0.862  0.855  0.847  0.840  0.833  
2 0.812  0.797  0.783  0.769  0.756  0.743  0.731  0.718  0.706  0.694  
3 0.731  0.712  0.693  0.675  0.658  0.641  0.624  0.609  0.593  0.579  
4 0.659  0.636  0.613  0.592  0.572  0.552  0.534  0.516  0.499  0.482  
5 0.593  0.567  0.543  0.519  0.497  0.476  0.456  0.437  0.419  0.402  
           
6 0.535  0.507  0.480  0.456  0.432  0.410  0.390  0.370  0.352  0.335  
7 0.482  0.452  0.425  0.400  0.376  0.354  0.333  0.314  0.296  0.279  
8 0.434  0.404  0.376  0.351  0.327  0.305  0.285  0.266  0.249  0.233  
9 0.391  0.361  0.333  0.308  0.284  0.263  0.243  0.225  0.209  0.194  
10 0.352  0.322  0.295  0.270  0.247  0.227  0.208  0.191  0.176  0.162  
           
11 0.317  0.287  0.261  0.237  0.215  0.195  0.178  0.162  0.148  0.135  
12 0.286  0.257  0.231  0.208  0.187  0.168  0.152  0.137  0.124  0.112  
13 0.258  0.229  0.204  0.182  0.163  0.145  0.130  0.116  0.104  0.093  
14 0.232  0.205  0.181  0.160  0.141  0.125  0.111  0.099  0.088  0.078  
15 0.209  0.183  0.160  0.140  0.123  0.108  0.095  0.084  0.074  0.065  
           
 
 
 
Page 6 of 7 
 
Present Value of Annuity Table 
 
Present value of an annuity of 1 i.e. PVIFA =  
1−(1+𝑟)−𝑛
𝑟
 
Where  r  = discount rate 
n = number of periods 
 
ii.  Discount Rate (r %) 
Period  
(n) 
1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 
1 0.990  0.980  0.971  0.962  0.952  0.943  0.935  0.926  0.917  0.909  
2 1.970  1.942  1.913  1.886  1.859  1.833  1.808  1.783  1.759  1.736  
3 2.941  2.884  2.829  2.775  2.723  2.673  2.624  2.577  2.531  2.487  
4 3.902  3.808  3.717  3.630  3.546  3.465  3.387  3.312  3.240  3.170  
5 4.853  4.713  4.580  4.452  4.329  4.212  4.100  3.993  3.890  3.791  
           
6 5.795  5.601  5.417  5.242  5.076  4.917  4.767  4.623  4.486  4.355  
7 6.728  6.472  6.230  6.002  5.786  5.582  5.389  5.206  5.033  4.868  
8 7.652  7.325  7.020  6.733  6.463  6.210  5.971  5.747  5.535  5.335  
9 8.566  8.162  7.786  7.435  7.108  6.802  6.515  6.247  5.995  5.759  
10 9.471  8.983  8.530  8.111  7.722  7.360  7.024  6.710  6.418  6.145  
           
11 10.368  9.787  9.253  8.760  8.306  7.887  7.499  7.139  6.805  6.495  
12 11.255  10.575  9.954  9.385  8.863  8.384  7.943  7.536  7.161  6.814  
13 12.134  11.348  10.635  9.986  9.394  8.853  8.358  7.904  7.487  7.103  
14 13.004  12.106  11.296  10.563  9.899  9.295  8.745  8.244  7.786  7.367  
15 13.865  12.849  11.938  11.118  10.380  9.712  9.108  8.559  8.061  7.606  
           
(n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% 
1 0.901  0.893  0.885  0.877  0.870  0.862  0.855  0.847  0.840  0.833  
2 1.713  1.690  1.668  1.647  1.626  1.605  1.585  1.566  1.547  1.528  
3 2.444  2.402  2.361  2.322  2.283  2.246  2.210  2.174  2.140  2.106  
4 3.102  3.037  2.974  2.914  2.855  2.798  2.743  2.690  2.639  2.589  
5 3.696  3.605  3.517  3.433  3.352  3.274  3.199  3.127  3.058  2.991  
           
6 4.231  4.111  3.998  3.889  3.784  3.685  3.589  3.498  3.410  3.326  
7 4.712  4.564  4.423  4.288  4.160  4.039  3.922  3.812  3.706  3.605  
8 5.146  4.968  4.799  4.639  4.487  4.344  4.207  4.078  3.954  3.837  
9 5.537  5.328  5.132  4.946  4.772  4.607  4.451  4.303  4.163  4.031  
10 5.889  5.650  5.426  5.216  5.019  4.833  4.659  4.494  4.339  4.192  
           
11 6.207  5.938  5.687  5.453  5.234  5.029  4.836  4.656  4.486  4.327  
12 6.492  6.194  5.918  5.660  5.421  5.197  4.988  4.793  4.611  4.439  
13 6.750  6.424  6.122  5.842  5.583  5.342  5.118  4.910  4.715  4.533  
14 6.982  6.628  6.302  6.002  5.724  5.468  5.229  5.008  4.802  4.611  
15 7.191  6.811  6.462  6.142  5.847  5.575  5.324  5.092  4.876  4.675  
 
 
 
 
 
Page 7 of 7 
 
 
Table 1 - Future value interest factors for single cash flows. Formula: FV = (1 + k)^n  
Period (n) 
/ per cent 
(k)  
1%  2%  3%  4%  5%  6%  7%  8%  9%  10%  11%  12%  13%  14%  15%  16%  20%  
1  1.0100  1.0200  1.0300  1.0400  1.0500  1.0600  1.0700  1.0800  1.0900  1.1000  1.1100  1.1200  1.1300  1.1400  1.1500  1.1600  1.2000  
2  1.0201  1.0404  1.0609  1.0816  1.1025  1.1236  1.1449  1.1664  1.1881  1.2100  1.2321  1.2544  1.2769  1.2996  1.3225  1.3456  1.4400  
3  1.0303  1.0612  1.0927  1.1249  1.1576  1.1910  1.2250  1.2597  1.2950  1.3310  1.3676  1.4049  1.4429  1.4815  1.5209  1.5609  1.7280  
4  1.0406  1.0824  1.1255  1.1699  1.2155  1.2625  1.3108  1.3605  1.4116  1.4641  1.5181  1.5735  1.6305  1.6890  1.7490  1.8106  2.0736  
5  1.0510  1.1041  1.1593  1.2167  1.2763  1.3382  1.4026  1.4693  1.5386  1.6105  1.6851  1.7623  1.8424  1.9254  2.0114  2.1003  2.4883  
6  1.0615  1.1262  1.1941  1.2653  1.3401  1.4185  1.5007  1.5869  1.6771  1.7716  1.8704  1.9738  2.0820  2.1950  2.3131  2.4364  2.9860  
7  1.0721  1.1487  1.2299  1.3159  1.4071  1.5036  1.6058  1.7138  1.8280  1.9487  2.0762  2.2107  2.3526  2.5023  2.6600  2.8262  3.5832  
8  1.0829  1.1717  1.2668  1.3686  1.4775  1.5938  1.7182  1.8509  1.9926  2.1436  2.3045  2.4760  2.6584  2.8526  3.0590  3.2784  4.2998  
9  1.0937  1.1951  1.3048  1.4233  1.5513  1.6895  1.8385  1.9990  2.1719  2.3579  2.5580  2.7731  3.0040  3.2519  3.5179  3.8030  5.1598  
10  1.1046  1.2190  1.3439  1.4802  1.6289  1.7908  1.9672  2.1589  2.3674  2.5937  2.8394  3.1058  3.3946  3.7072  4.0456  4.4114  6.1917  
11  1.1157  1.2434  1.3842  1.5395  1.7103  1.8983  2.1049  2.3316  2.5804  2.8531  3.1518  3.4785  3.8359  4.2262  4.6524  5.1173  7.4301  
12  1.1268  1.2682  1.4258  1.6010  1.7959  2.0122  2.2522  2.5182  2.8127  3.1384  3.4985  3.8960  4.3345  4.8179  5.3503  5.9360  8.9161  
13  1.1381  1.2936  1.4685  1.6651  1.8856  2.1329  2.4098  2.7196  3.0658  3.4523  3.8833  4.3635  4.8980  5.4924  6.1528  6.8858  10.6993  
14  1.1495  1.3195  1.5126  1.7317  1.9799  2.2609  2.5785  2.9372  3.3417  3.7975  4.3104  4.8871  5.5348  6.2613  7.0757  7.9875  12.8392  
15  1.1610  1.3459  1.5580  1.8009  2.0789  2.3966  2.7590  3.1722  3.6425  4.1772  4.7846  5.4736  6.2543  7.1379  8.1371  9.2655  15.4070  
16  1.1726  1.3728  1.6047  1.8730  2.1829  2.5404  2.9522  3.4259  3.9703  4.5950  5.3109  6.1304  7.0673  8.1372  9.3576  10.7480  18.4884  
17  1.1843  1.4002  1.6528  1.9479  2.2920  2.6928  3.1588  3.7000  4.3276  5.0545  5.8951  6.8660  7.9861  9.2765  10.7613  12.4677  22.1861  
18  1.1961  1.4282  1.7024  2.0258  2.4066  2.8543  3.3799  3.9960  4.7171  5.5599  6.5436  7.6900  9.0243  10.5752  12.3755  14.4625  26.6233  
19  1.2081  1.4568  1.7535  2.1068  2.5270  3.0256  3.6165  4.3157  5.1417  6.1159  7.2633  8.6128  10.1974  12.0557  14.2318  16.7765  31.9480  
20  1.2202  1.4859  1.8061  2.1911  2.6533  3.2071  3.8697  4.6610  5.6044  6.7275  8.0623  9.6463  11.5231  13.7435  16.3665  19.4608  38.3376  
21  1.2324  1.5157  1.8603  2.2788  2.7860  3.3996  4.1406  5.0338  6.1088  7.4002  8.9492  10.8038  13.0211  15.6676  18.8215  22.5745  46.0051  
22  1.2447  1.5460  1.9161  2.3699  2.9253  3.6035  4.4304  5.4365  6.6586  8.1403  9.9336  12.1003  14.7138  17.8610  21.6447  26.1864  55.2061  
23  1.2572  1.5769  1.9736  2.4647  3.0715  3.8197  4.7405  5.8715  7.2579  8.9543  11.0263  13.5523  16.6266  20.3616  24.8915  30.3762  66.2474  
24  1.2697  1.6084  2.0328  2.5633  3.2251  4.0489  5.0724  6.3412  7.9111  9.8497  12.2392  15.1786  18.7881  23.2122  28.6252  35.2364  79.4968  
25  1.2824  1.6406  2.0938  2.6658  3.3864  4.2919  5.4274  6.8485  8.6231  10.8347  13.5855  17.0001  21.2305  26.4619  32.9190  40.8742  95.3962  
 


MANAGEMENT MATHEMATICS I

ITB 2402

 
 
 
JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND 
TECHNOLOGY 
SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS AND INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS 
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE IN BUSINESS 
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEGREE IN INFORMATION AND 
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 
4
th 
YEAR 1
st
 SEMESTER 2024/2025ACADEMIC YEAR 
MAIN CAMPUS 
COURSE CODE: ITB 2402 
COURSE TITLE: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 
EXAM VENUE: LR 2   STREAM: BIS, ICT 
DATE: 17/4/2025   EXAM SESSION: 9.00-11.00 
TIME: 2 HOURS 
 
INSTRUCTIONS 
Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 1 (30 Marks)  
(a) Define a Distributed System and explain its key characteristics. (10 marks) 
(b) Describe at least five types of transparency in Distributed Systems, giving a real-world 
example for each. (10 marks) 
(c) Discuss fault tolerance in distributed systems. Explain two techniques used to achieve fault 
tolerance. (10 marks) 
 
Question 2 (20 Marks) 
(a) Explain the difference between Message Passing and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) in 
distributed systems. (10 marks) 
(b) Discuss synchronous and asynchronous communication, highlighting their advantages and 
disadvantages. (10 marks) 
 
Question 3 (20 Marks) 
(a) Explain the main components of a Distributed Operating System (DOS) and their 
functions. (10 marks) 
(b) Compare two distributed file system case studies (e.g., Sun’s NFS vs. Andrew File 
System), focusing on their architectures and key features. (10 marks) 
 
Question 4 (20 Marks) 
(a) Explain the ACID properties in transaction management and why they are important in 
distributed databases. (10 marks) 
(b) Discuss replication in distributed systems and explain the role of consistency models in 
managing replicated data. (10 marks) 
 
Question 5 (20 Marks) 
(a) Identify three key challenges of Mobile Distributed Systems and propose possible 
solutions for each. (10 marks) 
(b) Explain the impact of Internet-based Distributed Applications and discuss two protocols 
(e.g., HTTP, TCP/IP) that support distributed computing. (10 marks) 
 
 


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