JHIA Africa Thesis Bank
Not a member yet
8563 research outputs found
Sort by
Design and Implementation of Online Kësëtaniña–Amharic–English Multimedia Dictionary
No full textThis study presents the design and implementation of an online Kësëtaniña–Amharic–
English Multimedia Dictionary (KAEMD). The dictionary can help its users get
dictionary meaning for a word in one of Kësëtaniña, Amharic, English language with
equivalent meanings of the other two languages including illustration with Kësëtaniña
pronunciation and image/video and usage examples in the respective language and the
morphological properties of the Kësëtaniña word. In addition, the system has a page that
can provide with visual dictionary services which can also address the need for hearing
disabled person. There are also search service, suggest add new wordlist service,
register and manage user and managing existing wordlist. The study also uses manually
prepared morphological analysis for Kësëtaniña language for wordlists which are found
in the dictionay since it is dificult to add all possible word forms in the dictionary
The prototype is developed using a sample wordlist of 2000 Kësëtaniña wordlist with
illustrations with multimedia file and usage examples of the wordlists. We have tested it
for its functionality and usability through questionnaire distributed to 30 different
people who are native speakers and who are not speakers of the language.
Data obtained from the respondents revails that the overall system is relevant and more
than 85% of the respondent provide positive aspects of the system as a comment which
supports the useability and shows that the overall system is useable and important. The
results have shown that the online dictionary system evaluation result has good
reflection, to save searching time that make simpler than using paper based dictionary.
It is easy to use and secure. It is also seen that from the evaluation, the system in
general can address the problems of language revitalization through documenting the
Kësëtaniña language
Value Chain Analysis of Coffee the Case of Yirgacheffe Coffee Farmers Cooperatives Union (YCFCU)
No full textThe study was conducted to analyze coffee value chain in Gedio Zone Yirgacheffe Coffee Farmers Cooperatives Union (YCFCU). Yirgacheffe coffee is definitely among the most distinguished coffee varieties grown in Southern Ethiopia, a region known for its fine coffees. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the coffee value chain in YCFCU, to examine the relationship between actors and assess their linkage, to indicate each actor role in the value creation activities and to explain the key factors that hamper the coffee value chain in the study area. The study was based on data gathered from one hundred twenty one coffee producers. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods were employed to analyze the data. Result from correlation analysis using indicates that five variables are significantly affecting performance of value chain of coffee. These are actors’ roles, marketing relation, competition issues, government issue and market issue. The relative importance of marketing relation is high than other independent variables. Therefore, the implication is that actors should take an active role in managing all aspects of their performance of value chain analysis of coffee in the study area
Characterization of Wild Yeasts Isolated from Selected Fruits for their Bread Leavening Capacity
No full textLeavening agents are important in raising flour dough. Biological leavening agents are
microorganisms that have the ability to produce carbon dioxide from the utilization of Sugar and thereby
ferment and raise the dough. The present study was carried out to characterize yeast isolates isolated
from selected fruits and to assess their leavening potential of wheat dough under laboratory scale. The
collected fruit samples were processed to isolate yeasts using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) amended
with 0.1 g/L chloramphenicol. Initially, 88 yeasts were isolated from the fruits and were first tested for
their carbohydrate fermentation in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) broth medium. Six yeast
isolates with their sugar fermentative abilities were selected and tested for H2S production. Among them,
AAUGr5, AAUOr7 and AAUPi3 found not produce undesirable H2S for bread baking quality on both
Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA) media. The three yeast isolates were identified
as Saccharomyces using colonial, morphological parameters and biochemical tests. The optimum
growth pH and temperature values for the three selected yeast isolates were recorded as 5 and 30 oC,
respectively, in YEPD medium. In addition, 30% (w/v) D-glucose and 5 %( w/v) NaCl concentrations
showed optimum growth of the three selected yeast isolates in yeast extract peptone broth medium. In
all the cases, the maximum biomass was achieved at 96 hrs of incubation and there was a rapid decrease
in biomass for all the yeast isolates after 96 hrs of incubation. In terms of CO2 and biomass production
as well as leavening potential, starter cultures which were formulated from the combination of the three
yeast isolates (AAUGr5+AAUOr7+AAUPi3) showed better performance than starter cultures
formulated from paired combination of the three isolates or each of the three isolates separately.
However, isolate AAUGr5 was found to be satisfactorily potent for leavening action from the single
isolates. The present study could therefore be important with respect to screening of wild yeast isolates
that possess better bread leavening potential for extending the use of indigenous microbes as starter
culture in bakery sector
Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
No full textSurveillance Data Analysis of Malaria in Benishangul Gumuz Region State/ western Ethiopia
from 8th July 2014 GC to 7th July 2016 GC; Rubella Outbreak Investigation in Sherkole Woreda
of Assosa Zone; Benishangul Gumuz Region State-Ethiopia March 2017 and Acute Watery
Diarrhea Outbreak Investigation in Sedal Woreda of Kamash Zone; Benishangul Gumuz Region
State-Ethiopia November 2016 were prepared.Report on Meher Emergency Needs of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State/ Ethiopia 1st January –
30th June of 2009 EC
The main objective of the assessment was to develop emergency preparedness and response plan
for epidemic prone diseases of BGRS during the second half of 2009 EFY. The assessment was
conductedfrom 10 – 30 December/ 2016 GC. Cross sectional survey study design was
implemented. There was a functional multi-sectorial coordination forum with no regular
frequency of meeting in all assessed woredas and zones. Malaria, Meningitis, measles, AWD
outbreak and malnutrition condition were anticipated risks at regional level and at risk
population groups identified. There wasn‘t emergency preparedness and response plan in the
assessed Woredas and Zones supported by local government budget.
Assessment of Ownership and Factors Associated with Utilization of Insecticide Treated
Nets at Household Level in Menge Woreda of Assosa Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional
state, western Ethiopia
A community based cross sectional Study design will be conducted. Data collection will be
started in August 2017 and the final study finding will be submitted in October 2017. The study
subjects will be all Households who received Insecticide Treated Nets within the last three years
in Menge Woreda. The study households shall be selected systematically from the source of the
population. A total of 680 households will be proportionally selected. Both self-reported
information and direct observations will be used to collect data. Data will be entered to the
computer using Epi info Version 14 and will be analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Statistical
significance of the variables will be evaluated by logistic regression analytical tests by using
Odds ratio (OR), p-value of 0.05 and confidence interval 95%.
Additional outputs
Water Quality Testing of Sedal Woreda, Kamash Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Regional
State/ Ethiopia/ October 2009 EC
The findings verified that; out of 26; 4 (15.4%) of water schemes were contaminated with fecal
coliforms and 13 (50%) water points also other organisms were isolated. The sanitary survey
assessment confirmed that; out of 26 water points; 9 (34.6%) were very high risk of
contamination and 15 (57.7%) were some risk of contamination. The bacteriological water
assessment confirmed that; 17 (65.4%) water schemes were not bacteriological potable or against
to the WHO standard of water supply and need very urgent water treatment.
Weekly Bulletin of WHO Epi Week of 30/ 3016 and 7/2017 GC
Weekly Bulletin of PHEEM case team were published and distributed for the respective
governmental and partner bodies
Effect of Ketofol Versus Propofol as an Induction Agent on Ease of Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion Conditions and Hemodynamic Stability in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Laryngeal mask airway is a simple supraglottic device which has led to a radical change in the management of modern general anaesthesia. In the present study, we evaluated the laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamic changes comparing ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) with propofol.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare ketamine–propofol mixture (ketofol) with propofol on the ease of laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions for induction of general anaesthesia (GA).The hemodynamic effects were also looked at.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study120 pediatric patients age 2 – 15 years undergoing general anesthesia with LMA for elective ophthalmic surgeries at Menelik II Hospital from Jan 25 -March, 25, 2017 were included. A six variable (mouth opening, ease of insertion, swallowing, coughing, movement and laryngospasm) three-point score was used to assess insertion conditions. LMA insertion summed score was prepared depending upon these variables. Hemodynamic variables Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were noted 1 min before induction (baseline), immediately after induction, immediately after insertion of LMA and 1,2 and 3 minute after LMA insertion. Insertion conditions were compared using Chi-square test while hemodynamic variables were compared using independent t test.
Results: LMA insertion summed score was nearly similar between the two groups. Mean blood pressure and heart rate were maintained higher in ketofol group while significant drop were observed in propofol group. The time from the LMA placement to the return of spontaneous ventilation was significantly longer in propofol group (240 seconds [range =60– 360 seconds]) compared with ketofol group (180 seconds [range= 30–320 seconds]) (p= 0.005).
Conclusion and Recommendations: LMA insertion condition summed score was comparable in both ketofol and propofol group. Ketofol provided equivalent LMA insertion conditions while maximizing hemodynamics and minimizing apnea time. When parameters such as LMA insertion conditions and hemodynamic stability are considered, ketofol can be used as an alternative to propofol for LMA insertion in pediatrics
Assessment of Incidence and Treatment Outcome of Septic Shock among Patients Admitted to Adult Intensive Care Unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction
Septic shock is a major healthcare problem, affecting millions of people around the world each
year, killing one in four and increasing in incidence. In most developed countries, the incidence
of Septic shock has been identified as between 50 and 100 cases per 100,000 people in the
population. The mortality rate from severe sepsis in the developed countries has been estimated
as being between 28 and 50%, ranging from 15% in patients with sepsis and up to 40-50% in
patients with septic shock with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Objective
The study aims to explore the incidence and the factors associated with outcome among patients
with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit, TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method
A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at intensive care unit of our hospital. This
study included all patients with septic shock admitted to adult ICU of TASH during Jan 2014-
Dec 2017. Data was collected using a structured checklist and statistical analysis was done using
SPSS version 21. Regression model was applied to identify the factors contributing to the
outcome of septic shock. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
Of 820 admissions, 115 (14%) patients had septic shock. Majority (60%) was female and the
mean age was 47.9+16.5 years. The most common sites of infection were the respiratory tract
infection (54.8%) followed by urethral tract infection (14.8%), Gram-negative bacteria,
particularly Escherichia coli (4.3%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (3%), were the major infecting
micro-organisms. All patients have received antibiotic and fluid therapy. 23.5% patients started
treatment within the first hr. of ICU stay and the overall 28-day mortality rate was 58.3%.
Conclusion
The study revealed that septic shock is a frequent cause of ICU admission with a high mortality
rate. This can be explained by the fact that septic shock patients have more comorbidity, a worst
previous state of health and requires more life support therapies. Therefore early identification of
high risk population, implementation of appropriate treatment and the design of future clinical
studies are crucial to improve the outcome of septic shock
Assesment of Quality Of Life and Associted Factors among Familiy Caregivers of Adualt Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Chronic disorders like cancer lead to disturbance in quality of life of caregivers since care giving requires much time and effort, great physical and emotional energy expenditure, and also hinders caregivers’ social engagements and role of care giving can be highly stressful, burdensome, and consequently, compromises the caregiver’s quality of life, which could lead to considerable physical, psychological and social impairments. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life and associated factors among family caregivers of adult cancer patients in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The study was conducted from March to May, 2017 among cancer patients’ caregivers. Ethical clearance was obtained from Addis Ababa University and Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. A standardized interview questionnaire was used to gather information from the study participants. The questionnaire was adopted from Caregiver Quality Of Life-Index Cancer (CQOLC). Data was cleaned and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported in to an SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and proportions and analytical statistics i.e logistic regression analysis were used.
Results: Among the total 291 cases interviewed, 157 (54 %) of the respondents had low quality of life and 134(46%) of them had high quality of life. 51.5% of the study participants were men. Monthly income of the care givers was AOR=3.5: 95% CI (1.33, 9.24)},{AOR=3.9: 95% CI (1.33, 11.71)} and spousal relationship was AOR=0.32: 95% CI (0.15, 0.70)} which were associated with quality of life.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The study revealed that more than half of the caregivers of cancer patient had low quality of life and experienced high burden level. There is a need to design intervention that could reduce the burden of caregivers to help them maintaining high quality of life
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Races in Ethiopia Using SSR Markers
No full textSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a cereal crop of family
Poaceae, is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. It is an important food
security crop mainly in semi arid and tropical parts of the African countries. Although
many morphological and molecular diversity studies reveal the existence of genetic
variations with sorghum populations, their distribution within basic races were not
considered. Hence, the present study aimed to analyze the extent and distribution of
genetic variation within basic Ethiopian sorghum landraces using SSR markers. A total
of 107 landraces obtained from Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) representing 12
ecological zones grouped according to their race types based on inflorescence and
spiklet on field at their maturity time. Twelve SSR markers revealed a total of 110 alleles
with average polymorphic content of 0.76 and the allele frequencies shows 42 of alleles
were rare (less than 0.05), 22 ranged from 0.05 to 0.1, while 46 of them were higher than
0.1. Expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.78 and 0.2 respectively. The genetic
differentiation between populations were also moderate (FST=0.07 for races and 0.13 for
E/zones) indicating continuous exchange of genes among them. Partitioning the total
genetic variation also indicated 61.38% and 55.17% of the variations were among
individuals within racial and zonal populations respectively. Neighbor-Joining cluster
analysis also indicated four major grouping of the landraces according to their racial
groups where majority of race caudatum and durra form separate groups while
intermediate durra-bicolor form two separate sub-clusters. Overall locus the intra-racial
population diversity showed the greatest genetic diversity (He=0.77 and 0.75) among
race bicolor and caudatum respectively. Information with sorghum races along their
important agronomic traits could be used for conservation and future breeding programs
of sorghum
Employment Rights of Female Employees in the Construction Industry: The Case of Bole Arabssa Condominium Housing Building Project in Addis Ababa
No full textThis study evaluates and assesses the status of employment rights of female employees in
construction industry based on a case study conducted in Bole Arabssa condominium houses
building construction project site in Addis Ababa. There is no a research conducted on
construction industry female employee’s employment rights to study gender segregation.
Therefore, the basic objective of the study is assessing the status of employment rights of female
employees in the construction industry. The study analyses the existing different legal
instruments and policy frameworks that safeguarded rights of female employees. It addresses the
major challenges of female employees in the construction industry, the nature and root causes
for the violation of employment rights of female employees in the area, and lived experiences of
female employees at construction workplace.
The study used qualitative research method where different data collection tools were used
during the research. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The study has
explored, interpreted, and evaluated meanings, lived experiences of informants, collected
through interview, Focus group discussion, observation and informal talks. The findings of the
study point at the multifaceted violation of rights of female construction workers and the myriads
of challenges they face.
This study found that the practice employment rights of female employees in the construction
industry are far from what human rights documents supposed to. Violation of the right to work
(discrimination from employment such as segregation during employment and protection from
unemployment), violation of rights at work (violation of employment rights at workplace such as
wage discrimination, absence of maternity protection, health and safety protections) and job
insecurity and workload are violations of female employee’s basic employment rights that faced
them at workplace
The Afar Customary Criminal Justice System: Towards its Better Accommodation
No full textThe state in Ethiopia is failed to enforce its laws effectively and it has also failed to recognize those customary practices officially and sufficiently, though there is a de facto accommodation of customary practices in most parts of the country such as the Afar region. This research has aimed at disclosing the problems of accommodating the customary criminal justice systems in Ethiopia, focusing on the ACCJS (mad'a) and recommending the possible solutions at the end. The research is a mixture of both doctrinal and none doctrinal and qualitative in nature. It has used both primary data collected through in-depth interviews using the purposive sampling method and also secondary data taken from varieties of books, journal articles, official documents, reports, etc.
The research findings have disclosed that The ACCJS is a widely applicable traditional mode of justice and the community uses this system as a primary source for all legal disputes. The general publics' opinion of the Afar people towards their customary dispute resolution is highly supporting and favoring the preservation of the current practices. In addition to this, almost all of the informants support the side by side operation of the two systems, with collaboration of one with the other and the harmonization of the two systems to render better service to the general public in the region. Particularly, it is an ambition of the majority that the Afar customary criminal justice system is given official recognition by the formal justice sector employing the best modes of accommodation based on the country's context.
At the same time, there are a number of conducive issues that can help the accommodation of mad'a by formal system such as the comprehensiveness, uniformity and regularity of mad'a and the de facto accommodation by the regional government, implicit tolerance by the federal state and some newly developed policies and draft laws at federal level, inclining to the authorization of the ADR system in criminal adjudications in the country, etc.
Key Words:
This research contains key words such as Ethiopia, Afar, legal pluralism, customary law, criminal justice system, accommodation