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Improving Knowledge Flow for Nursing Care in Tuberculosis Management: The Case of St. Peter‘S and Alert Hospitals
No full textBackground: - Utilizing Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) to manage medical
information and health care knowledge to support the full spectrum of knowledge needs in the
nursing process has become an important issue for nursing professionals. However, despite its
benefits, many nurses are not yet to fully understand and put to practice the nursing process. This
may have led to poor patient care and outcome and it is the basis for this studies which to
introduce knowledge management blueprint so as to improve nursing care tuberculosis
management in St. peter‘s and Alert hospitals.
Methods: - A cross sectional design employing quantitative and qualitative methods was
conducted in St. Peter‘s and Alert hospitals. Qualitative data was collected from 4 head nurse and
matron two hospitals and quantitative was collected from 199 nurses selected by simple random
sampling technique from the two hospitals proportional to their size. SPSS version 20 and thematic
analysis was used for quantitative and qualitative data respectively.
Findings from the study showed that nurses of St. Peter‘s hospital and alert hospitals have poor
implementation of nursing process in tuberculosis management. According to multivariate
analysis, the factors that were independent predictors of knowledge flow are; good knowledge, in
presence of organizational ICT, training to better knowledge capability, work experience.
Knowledge flow practice of implementation nursing process during tuberculosis management of
nurses good knowledge is by 7.5 times greater in presence of good knowledge than poor
knowledge, knowledge flow of nursing care for tuberculosis treatment is by 17.4 times greater in
presence of organizational ICT training than absence of ICT training in the organization and
knowledge flow of nursing care for tuberculosis treatment is by 19.5 times greater in nurses
having work experience of >15 years than those having <1year of experience. Designed
knowledge flow to enable information technology plays its part in enhancing knowledge creation
and sharing in these hospitals to make common understanding between nurses.
Concluding and Remark: The study shows that most of nurses are aware of knowledge flow
during nursing process which will improve quality of tuberculosis management and have
appropriate design for knowledge creation and sharing way but they are not engaged in
knowledge sharing frequently. So these hospital administrations should plan a way to strengthen
knowledge creation and sharing practice by improving the identified knowledge flow factors and
implement the designed knowledge flow blueprint which will improve implementation of
nursing process
Towards Bio-Inspired Cementitious Materials: The Effect of Organic Polymeric Materials on the Nanostructure and Nanomechanical Properties of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate
No full textThis study aims to obtain a fundamental understanding of the effect of polymeric
materials with distinct functional groups on the nanostructure and nanomechanical
response of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). Nature has created biological materials with
hierarchical microstructure and superior mechanical and functional properties. This is
achieved in nature through certain biopolymers with specific structures and functionalities
directing growth, microstructure and macroscopic performance of biological materials. CS-H comprises the primary component of the cement hydration product and plays a
fundamental role in determining the mechanical and long-term characteristics of cementbased materials. The different size and molecular structure of polymers, and the complex
structure and chemical functionalities of biopolymers permit a wide range of interactions
including electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic with C-S-H. The ability to
modify the characteristics of C-S-H through a specific combination of interactions with
biopolymers permits a pathway to manipulate the structure, and the physical and
mechanical properties of C-S-H. The primary contribution of this study is to explore a bioinspired approach as a new paradigm in controlling microstructure design to achievedesired properties in infrastructure materials. In pursuit of the objectives of this study, this
dissertation aims to obtain a fundamental understanding of the interaction of polymers and
biopolymers with C-S-H, to discover the effect of polymers and biopolymers on the atomic
structure and morphology of C-S-H, and to elucidate how polymers and biopolymers affect
the Young’s modulus of C-S-H. This study shows that C-S-H can be used in biomimetic
nanocomposites made of inorganic and organic compounds. For the first time a C-SH/polymer nanocomposite with the aim of investigating the mechanical properties was
fabricated using the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. Because of the presence of inorganic
compounds in the structure of the C-S-H/polymer nanocomposite, it has the potential to
exhibit much more flexibility than pure C-S-H which is highly desired in construction
materials. The outcome of this study can be seen as a first step towards the formation of
bio-inspired construction materials
Human-Wildlife Conflict with Special Emphasis on Pest Primates in and around Chato Forest, Horro Woreda, Western Ethiopia
No full textThis study was conducted to assess human wildlife conflict with special emphasis on pest
primates around Chato forest, Horo district, Western Ethiopia. The study was carried out from
September2016 to June 2017. The main objective of the study was to identify the cause and effect
of human wildlife conflicts, to estimate the loss of crops destroyed by pest primate and to
estimate the population size of primate pest in the study sites. The data for this study was
collected via structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion, direct observation and
secondary sources. Field observation using line transect was used to estimate the population size
of pest primates and to estimate the crop loss due to pest primates. The collected data was
analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science. Chi-square test was employed to compare
number of Anubis baboon and Vervet monkey counted during dry and wet season and also was
employed to compare traditional methods used by the respondents. The result of the respondents
should 66.1% and 12.4% existence of Human wildlife conflict manifested via crop damage and
livestock predation respectively. The findings also showed that there was significantly different
on the number of Anubis Baboon in dry and wet season (p<0.05).The response of respondents
report that habitat disturbance, increased subsistence agriculture, deforestation as causes of
Human wildlife conflict. Anubis Baboon, Vervet monkey, Wild pig, Warthog, Porcupine and
Civet cat were identified as damage causing wild animals. Most raided crops were maize (Zea
mays) in the production season. About 28.1% of maize was damaged by crop raiders from the
total estimated maize plant. A total of 265 and 295 Anubis baboon and 168 and 206 Vervet
monkey were estimated in the sampled forest in dry and wet season respectively. Respondents
used guarding, making scarecrow, chasing and smoking to defend crop raiders. There was
significant difference between the respondents (P<0.05) in using those traditional methods in
which about 70% of them used guarding and 4.1% of them used smoking which was the highest
and lowest methods used by respondents respectively. The present study identifies the major
causes of Human wildlife conflict in Horro district, western Ethiopia and manifested through
crop damage and livestock predation, wild animals habitat disturbance and increased
subsistence agriculture. Therefore, based on the finding of this study, it is recommended
palatable and nutritive crops should not be grown near the forest edge, educate the local
community about a benefit, wildlife conservation ,conservation education is paramount and
cooperatively keep their crop
Domestic Violence and Gaps in Access to Justice at Hawassa City
No full textThis thesis examines domestic violence and gaps in accessing justice. To this end, it employs
qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews and data gathered from Hawassa City
Police Stations as well as legal reviews. This thesis principally scrutinize gaps of access to
justice in domestic violence cases at Hawassa City going through both formal and informal
administration of justice and taking legal protection, legal awareness and remedy as components
of access to justice. The writer contends that the non-ratification of Optional Protocol to
CEDAW and Maputo Protocol would have provide additional avenue for victims of domestic
violence to access remedies. The Criminal Code is just implying something is being done rather
than reflecting interest of the health and safety of individual women by regulating the wide swath
of violations in addition to physical violence. There is both financial and expertise constraint,
lack of training methodology to evaluate the attitudinal change of stakeholders and low level of
civil society involvement in addressing legal awareness about the available remedies and
avenues.
This thesis also finds out that the discretion of the police to initiate investigation, resource
constraints in evidence gathering, the usual base of the public prosecutors evidence only on the
statement of the victim and high withdrawals of cases to the informal administration of
justice/mediation starting from the police to the trial, unavailability of victim support service are
the common problems faced in the criminal justice system. Besides, lack of enough expertise in
enforcing custody judgment of the court and absence of strong legal aid provisions up to
representing the victim in civil suits are the focal issues in the civil justice system.
So much so that, the thesis proposes for the ratification of both Optional Protocol to CEDAW
and Maputo Protocol, the enactment of comprehensive law in addressing physical, sexual,
psychological and economic violations as a crime in addition to the provision of different civil
remedies. Allocating adequate budget in addressing awareness creation, cooperation with civil
society organizations in addressing support services as well as legal aid services for victims of
domestic violence are also some of the way outs sought by the thesis
Croix et reconciliation: 1994 au Rwanda: Memoire du deuxieme cycle de theologie
No full textLa croix est depuis de nombreux siecles le symbole le plus reconnaissable du christianisme.
Au niveau le plus elementaire elle represente Ia mort atroce et pitoyable de Jesus, un juif crucifie
autour des annees 30 sous les ordres de Ponce Pilate, gouverneur romain de Ia Judee1• Pour les
disciples de Jesus, cependant, Ia croix est vite devenue le symbole d'un evenement dont profite
l'humanite dans son ensemble. Contre toute apparence, Ia mort de celui qu'ils appelaient le
Christ n' eta it pas un scandale ; elle etait plutot une bonne nouvelle parce que « le Christ est mort
pour nos peches »2.3 Une affirmation aussi audacieuse et universelle n'aurait de sens qu'a Ia
lumiere de Ia conviction des disciples: que Dieu a ressuscite Jesus d'entre les morts et l'a ainsi
revele comme Fils de Dieu; car c'est uniquement un etre a Ia fois divin et humain qui peut
pretendre mourir pour toute I 'humanite et qui peut ressusciter, confmnant de cette fayon sa
victoire sur le peche et Ia mort (Cf. Rm 6.9; 1 Co 15.56-67). L'affirmation « le Christ est mort
pour nos peches » n'aurait egalement de sens que si !'on admet que les etres humains soot
pecheurs et qu'ils ant besoin d'etre delivres du peche et de ses effets : Ia mort de Jesus sur Ia
croix etant done le moyen par lequel Dieu, dans sa misericorde, sauve l'humanite du peche.
Finalement, !'affirmation « le Christ est mort pour nos peches » a du sens si le peche est
considere comme un obstacle important a Ia relation de 1 'humanite avec Dieu : Ia delivrance du
peche est done necessaire pour que l'humanite entre en relation positive et reelle avec Dieu.
Cependant, !'expression « le Christ est mort pour nos peches » souleve Ia question:
comment precisement Ia mort de Jesus sauve-t-elle l'humanite du peche ? Comment enleve-telle
le peche et permet-elle de vivre en amitie avec Dieu ? II semble que les premiers ecrivains
chretiens n'ont pas su expliquer comment Ia mort de Jesus apporte le salut sans recourir a uneventail de metaphores. Chez Paul, par exemple, on peut identifier quatre images ou modeles de
l'reuvre de Jesus sur Ia croix: Ia redemption (Jiee a !'idee du rachat), !'expiation (proche de Ia
notion du sacrifice), Ia justification et la reconciliation. Cet ancien usage de plusieurs metaphores
indique, d'abord, que Ia realite du salut par la croix de Jesus n'est pas facile a comprendre ni a
exprimer. Ensuite, il indique qu'aucune metaphore ne peut circonscrire le mystere qu'est l'reuvre
de Jesus pour l'humanite sur Ia croix. Enfin, il revele un langage tire et adapte a un contexte
culture! particulier, un langage qui parle de la relation avec Dieu en termes de relations
humaines. Ceci doit encourager les chretiens contemporains a developper un langage
soteriologique approprie a leur milieu, d'autant plus que certaines de ces anciennes metaphores
peuvent apparaitre obscures et incomprehensibles aujourd'hui.
Un exemple particulierement remarquable de !'usage d'un langage contextuel pour exprimer
le mystere du salut se trouve dans la theologie latino-americaine de la liberation. Le salut est ici
compris en termes de liberation d'une pauvrete generalisee, de !'exploitation et de !'exclusion.
Les pauvres aujourd'hui peuvent s'attendre a une liberation semblable a celle d'Israel de la
captivite et de !'oppression en Egypte. Plus universellement, Jesus, par sa vie, sa mort et sa
resurrection libere toute l'humanite du peche, cause ultime de Ia discorde, de !'oppression et de
la misere4• Jesus etait pleinement implique dans le combat contre le mal, et il est toujours en
solidarite avec les crucifies de la terre5• Mais Jesus ne fait pas que souffrir pour et avec les
pauvres : il les invite avec tous les gens de bonne volonte a reuvrer avec lui dans la lutte contre le
regne du peche qui est encore trop present6• L'reuvre du salut commencee par Jesus s'achevera
quand le peche, sous toutes ses formes oppressives, sera fmalement vaincu.
Nous n'avons pas !'intention de faire ici une critique approfondie de la soteriologie de la
liberation. Nous souhaitons seulement attirer !'attention sur sa methode d'interpreter l'reuvre
salvifique de Jesus a partir d'un contexte particulier, dans le cas present, celui de l' Amerique
latine. Cette methode est a la fois la force et la faiblesse de la soteriologie de la liberation : force
parce qu'elle rend le salut comme une realite concrete dans le monde et dans l'histoire humaine.
Le peche, par exemple, est compris comme la violence des puissants contre les faibles et lesinnocents. Une telle interpretation trouve un echo dans les evenements autour de la crucifixion
de Jesus et dans Ia souffrance de beaucoup de gens dans le monde aujourd'hui. De meme, le
langage de liberation peut etre considere comme un rendu fidele des aspirations des opprimes et
de la mission de Jesus 7•
Cependant, le modele de la liberation souffre de la meme faiblesse que toute autre
metaphore quand il est absolutise. L'reuvre salvifique de Jesus n'est pas reductible a une
liberation purement politique et sociale; le peche n'est pas non plus qu'un conflit entre les
oppresseurs riches et puissants d'un cote, et les opprimes pauvres et faibles, de !'autre cote. Dans
la pratique, en effet, il y a un danger reel que les opprimes utilisent des moyens violents pour
gagner leur liberte; ou bien que, des qu'ils se trouvent en position de pouvoir, les opprimes
deviennent les oppresseurs a leur tour. Dans les deux cas, le cycle d'oppression continue et Ia
vraie liberation n'est jamais realisee. Les theologiens de Ia liberation n'ont peut-etre pas souligne
suffisamment que l'objectif ultime du salut n'est pas Ia liberte en elle-meme, mais la communion
avec Dieu et avec tous les etres humains. 8
Ayant conscience de cette critique, et pourtant adoptant la meme methode pour etudier le
salut a partir d 'un contexte particulier, no us proposons la reconciliation com me cle
d'interpretation de l'reuvre de Jesus sur Ia croix pour notre temps. En commun avec Ia
soteriologie de la liberation, la reconciliation parle aux aspirations de nos contemporains a une
epoque ou la difference est devenue source de division et de conflit entre des communautes et ou
elle a conduit a Ia forme Ia plus aboutie de !'exclusion et de !'injustice : !'elimination de !'autre
dans l'acte de genocide. La reconciliation se rapporte directement aux efforts pour guerir et pour
renouer des relations apres le conflit genocidaire, voire tout conflit qui crucifie et tue un peuple.
Plus que Ia metaphore de la liberation, Ia reconciliation souligne l'amitie comme but du salut ;
elle peut done offrir un moyen de parvenir a Ia communion et d'eviter le conflit perpetuel.
Avec les theologiens de la liberation, nous posons la question, « D 'oit devons-nous reflechir
pour que 1' interpretation de I' reuvre de Jesus sur la croix ait un sens a notre epoque ? » ll y eut
des initiatives de reconciliation dans de nombreuses regions du monde ces dernieres annees,
notamment en Afrique du Sud, au Chili, en Irlande du Nord et au Rwanda. Le cas du Rwanda sera notre point de reference puisqu'il represente pour beaucoup d'Africains Ia consequence Ia
plus tragique des conflits ethniques latents dans beaucoup de nos pays. Comme l'historien S.
Audoin-Rouzeau le fait remarquer: « Le genocide des Tutsi du Rwanda est, du point de vue des
sciences sociales, l'evenement le plus important de Ia fin du XXe siecle auquel elles puissent se
confronter »9• Pendant le genocide rwandais, un voisin a massacre un voisin; plus de 800 000
tutsis et hutus moderes ont ete tues en 100 jours et cela dans un pays ou 90% de la population fait
profession de foi chretienne et ou 70% est catholique.
J'etais collegien en Ouganda, un pays voisin, au moment du genocide. Avec d'autres eleves,
j'ai ete horrifie de voir des cheveux humains dans l'eau de notre robinet: l'eau venait du Lac
Victoria, le lieu du dernier repos de nombreuses victimes du genocide jetees dans le fleuve
Kagera au Rwanda. J'ai partage le desarroi de beaucoup d'africains, mais j'ai ete egalement
vivement conscient que je partageais la meme identite tutsie que la majorite des victimes,
conscients qu'ils etaient tues pour rien d'autre que pour leur identite, la mienne.
A Ia suite du genocide, le nouveau regime au Rwanda s'est rendu compte qu'il ne pouvait
pas juger tous les auteurs allegues. 11 a done institue, en 2004, une forme de justice traditionnelle
qui s'appelle gacaca dans laquelle les communautes locales ont juge les suspects. Des que les
auteurs du genocide ont ete liberes de prison, ou bien pardonnes par les tribunaux gacaca, ils
rentraient dans leurs villages pour vivre a cote des personnes qu'ils avaient pourchassees comme
du gibier, des personnes dont les proches avaient ete extermines par ces memes auteurs. Le
gouvemement, l'Eglise et d'autres institutions religieuses, ainsi que les organismes nongouvemementaux,
ont encourage les victimes et les coupables a se reconcilier et a trouver les
moyens de vivre ensemble sans retomber dans l'ideologie et les pratiques dangereuses qui
avaient conduit au genocide.
Les efforts de ces hommes et de ces femmes, qui menent un combat pour se reconcilier entre
eux et avec Dieu, sont une veritable ressource dans Ia formulation d'une reponse a la question
theologique du salut. Dans le langage de Vatican II, ces efforts peuvent etre consideres comme
« un signe des temps » : un appel a interpreter a nouveau les principes de notre foi et a les vivre
dans not
Harare International Airport, a Central-Southern Africa Hub in Waiting or Opportunity Lost
No full textLiterature review on airline hubs generally conclude that the establishment of hubs
results in economic benefits for the country and to the carriers whose home base is
the airport in question. There has been no literature review on airline hubs done in
Zimbabwe to date. This research thus aims at filling that gap by investigating the
challenges that could be faced in establishing a hub at Harare International Airport.
This research findings are aimed at benefiting the aviation industry, the country, the
national carrier (Air Zimbabwe) and the academic community. The study was a case
study based on a research done on Harare International Airport (HIA)
Face to face interviews using unstructured questions were held with Airport
Managers, Managers of Foreign Airlines, Former Air Zimbabwe Managers, Ministry
Officials in the Transport and Tourism Ministries. The data that was collected using a
qualitative research methodology and then analysed using Data Displays and
content analysis tables.
The study concluded that HIA has limited success in becoming a successful hub
due to the poor local economic environment and the absence of a strong hub carrier
with global alliances. The other challenges highlighted were perceived interference
from the government in running the airport and negative perception the world holds
about Zimbabwe,
In view of the conclusion, this research recommends that government as the major
shareholder, should address the negative perception held by the world, invest in
Harare International Airport infrastructure and technology to keep up with global trends, capacitate the national carrier and relax regulatory framework which incorporates adopting an open skies policy and participating in a uni-visa regime with neighbouring countries
Engineering Geological Characterization and Suitability Analysis of Subgrade Soil: A Case Study on Selected Section of Ambo –Wolisso Road Project, South Western Ethiopia
No full textThe performance of a pavement is highly controlled by the underlying roadbed
soil geotechnical characteristics. A subgrade provides support for upper layers of
a pavement structure that are constructed upon it and the traffic load. The
purpose of geotechnical characterization of a subgrade is to evaluate the quality of
the subgrade based on various results of insitu and laboratory test and sound
geotechnical principles that would impact the pavement performance.
In the present study the subgrade soils are characterized on selected section of
Ambo-Wolliso road located in south western Ethiopia, Oromia region. The
geographic location of the study area is bounded by UTM coordinate of 80 56’ N
370 52’ E and 8049’ N 37053’ E. the objective of the study were 1, to characterize
the subgrade material based on the engineering geological parameters 2, to assess
the suitability and bearing capacity of the subgrade soil 3, to suggest some
counter measures for the unsuitable part of the subgrade soil.
To achieve this objective, a total of 16 subgrade soil samples have been taken at
1km regular interval and tests were conducted at project geotechnical laboratory
for the determination of Atterberg limit, specific gravity, Natural moisture
content, grading, Maximum dry density and Optimum moisture content,
California bearing capacity and swell value and hydrometer test is conducted at
Addis Ababa university Engineering Geological laboratory.
Finally, interpretation have been made with the data obtained from field works
and laboratory investigation, supported by previous studies, research and
standard manual of the subgrade characteristics. From the laboratory
investigation it has been concluded that about 37.5 % of the subgrade soil is found
to be unsuitable on the bases of bearing capacity. Hence, remedial measures such
as removal and replacement, proper drainage design and blending with locally
available materials are proposed
On the Characterization of the Unit Groups of a Class of Total Quotient Rings
No full textLet R be a completely primary finite ring of characteristic pk, where p is a prime and k is
a positive integer. Such finite rings have been studied extensively in recent years and the
tools necessary for describing completely primary finite rings have been available for some
time. However, their characterization is not exhaustive. Several attempts have been made
in the recent past in the characterization of the unit groups of this class of rings though not
in general. The characterization of a finite abelian group is precisely known and from the
fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups, it has been represented as a direct
product of cyclic groups. If R is a finite field then U(R) the unit group of R is cyclic. Suppose
S is a saturated multiplicative subset of R so that RS is a total quotient ring of R obtained
by the localization of R at the maximal ideal J(R): Since R is local, then R ∼= RS: We have
characterized the unit groups of RS; denoted U(RS) as U(RS) = Zpr−1 × 1 1 + J(RS)� by
determining the generators of the group 1 1 + J(RS): The methods used include construction
of RS using the method of idealization, proofs and verification of the proposed statements
and claims. The results obtained, provide an alternative understanding of the structures of
unit groups of these classes of finite rings and provides a partial solution to the problem of
isomorphic rings with similar groups of units. This results also find practical applications in
various fields including Computer Algebra and forms and structure of elements in chemistry
School Attachment Practices and Student Teacher Performance in Teaching Practice in Kenyan Public Universities
No full textSchool attachment is an important component of teacher education. Public
universities have thus designed their own rules and regulations that guide school
attachment practices to enable student teachers put into practice the theory they have
learnt. However, school attachment practices by teacher training institutions remain a
contentious issue. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of school
attachment practices on student teacher performance in teaching practice in Kenyan
public universities. Specifically, this study sought to establish the effect of; frequency
of supervision, supervisor qualifications, span and period of supervision and school
characteristics on student teacher performance in teaching practice. The study was
guided by the Education Production Function Theory. The study used descriptive
research survey design. The study targeted 2,239 respondents comprising of 2,234
student teachers in Western region and 5 heads of school attachment units in public
universities in Kenya. Multistage sampling was used to draw a sample of 344. Data
was collected using; a questionnaire for student teachers, interview guide for head of
school attachment units; and document analysis. Research instruments were validated
using face and content validity while reliability was determined using spilt-half test
technique at r= 0.8 using data from the pilot study. Data was analyzed descriptively
using means and z-scores and inferentially using multiple linear regressions by aid of
Stata version 12.1. Data was presented inform of tables. The results of the multiple
regression indicate that frequency of supervision, supervisors qualification, selected
school characteristics and selected student teacher perception on university assessors
were associated with student teacher scores in teaching practice. It is recommended
that universities using cooperating teachers should ensure that they adhere to the
regulations set by the universities on school assessments. Besides, universities should
cultivate in student teachers positive attitude, commitment and confidence towards
their assessors. In addition, universities should train adequately all assessors on the
tool of assessment to bridge the difference in assessment scores based on assessor’s
qualification. Further, it is recommended that universities post student teachers in
model schools that provide adequate and varied environment such as national and
extra country schools to enhance student teacher performance in teaching practice
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Card Banking Security in the Ethiopian Financial Sector
No full textInformation is the most valuable and fundamental asset in the financial sector as it plays a major
role in supporting the business operations and facilitate an organization to achieve a competitive
advantage in the market. Information is valuable and critical; it is also vulnerable to a variety of
attacks from both inside and outside of the organizations. Currently financial sectors are
repetitively attacked by cybercrimes in addition to other internal and external attacks to their
electronic payment system which is costing them in billions and affecting their business. To
address this concern, it is indisputable to assess information security management practice in the
financial sector card banking system using international information security standard as a
benchmark and identify gaps and recommend the best security practices to help the financial
sector to meet the standard security compliance.
In this regard, two financial sectors were selected using purposive sampling method that issues
electronic card and card PIN among the total financial sectors in Ethiopia which includes banks
and e-payment processors. Regarding the target population, all the IT staffs in the two selected
sectors were included to be part of this study. Thus, quantitative data was collected using PCIDSS security standard questioners; twenty seven questioners were distributed and twenty five
were filled and returned which comprise 93% among the total distributed questioners. Further to
the questioners, observation and document viewing was made to strengthen the respondents’
information. Accordingly, the data is processed using IBM SPSS Statistics V.20 tool.
The result shows that most of the essential security practices and management activities in the
financial sectors doesn’t comply the international security standard. In this regard, most of the
indispensable security requirement that would address the financial sectors from security risk is
below the acceptable level as there is no periodic vulnerability assessment, no access control in
some critical areas, password policy and procedures is not implemented on some critical
components, no change management procedure and information security policy is not maintained
to be carried out in the daily operation. In general, the study shows that information security
management and practice is not well maintained to address the current information security risk
associated to the financial sector. Furthermore, this study identified the major security factors
that prohibit the financial sectors from the PCI-DSS security standard compliance. Thus, the study provides directions and action items that can support the financial sector to be security
standard complaint based on the findings