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Summer storms trigger soil N₂O efflux episodes in forested catchments
Get PDFClimate change and climate-driven feedbacks on catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry have the potential to alter the aquatic versus atmospheric fate of nitrogen (N) in forests. This study investigated the hypothesis that during the forest growth season, topography redistributes water and water-soluble precursors (i.e., dissolved organic carbon and nitrate) for the formation of gaseous N species. Soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitrogen (N₂) efflux and soil physical and chemical properties were measured in a temperate forest in Central Ontario, Canada from 2005 to 2010. Hotspots and hot moments of soil N₂O and N₂ efflux were observed in topographic positions that accumulate precipitation, which likely triggered the formation of redox conditions and in turn intercepted the conversion of nitrate N flowing to the stream by transforming it to N₂O and N₂. There was a strong relationship between precipitation and N₂O efflux (y = 0.44x1.22, r² = 0.618, p<0.001 in the inner wetland; y = 1.30x^{1.16} r² = 0.72, p<0.001 in the outer wetland) and significantly different N₂:N₂O ratios in different areas of the wetland (19.6 in the inner wetland and 10.1 in the outer wetland). Soil N₂O+N₂ efflux in response to precipitation events accounted for 16.1% of the annual N input. A consequence of the higher frequency of extreme precipitation events predicted under climate change scenarios is the shift from an aquatic to atmospheric fate for N, resulting in a significant forest N efflux. This in turn creates feedbacks for even warmer conditions due to increased effluxes of potent greenhouse gases."This research was funded by an NSERC Discovery grant to IFC (217053‐2009 RGPIN)."https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015JG00302
Lake Manitoba and its Watershed: Knowledge Gaps & Next Steps
Get PDFThis workshop was the result of many hours of planning and hard work by a committee consisting of Nora Casson, Diane Orihel, Gordon Goldsborough, Scott Forbes, Elise Watchorn, Scott Higgins and Pascal Badiou. The workshop was facilitated by Sheldon McLeod and the report writing was led by Marliese Peterson and Nora Casson. Marliese Peterson also coordinated the note taking during the workshop, and was assisted by Madeline Stanley, Chris Hope, Jill Watling, Alexandra Goodman, and Hailey Robichaud.Lake Manitoba is a large, shallow prairie lake located in central Manitoba. The lake and watershed are subject to numerous environmental pressures including climate change, land use change, and regulation of water levels, particularly during the operation of the Portage Diversion which diverts water from the Assiniboine River into Lake Manitoba. There are substantial gaps in our scientific knowledge about the ecology, limnology, and hydrology of Lake Manitoba, which limit our ability to make informed management decisions. A science workshop was convened at the University of Winnipeg in December
2015 to summarize the state of knowledge around water quality and ecosystem functioning in Lake Manitoba and its watershed, identify key knowledge gaps, and develop ways to address these gaps. The workshop was attended by 34 participants from universities, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations, all of whom had particular expertise in one of four theme areas: Water Levels & Regulation; Watershed Management & Landscape Processes; Water Quality; and Ecology & Wetlands. This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the workshop, and can be used to help guide research priorities into the future.
While specific, detailed recommendations were made in each theme area, two major recommendations emerged across all themes. The first recommendation is the existence of critical data gaps which must be filled before progress can be made on understanding ecosystem functioning. These gaps include physical data (e.g. bathymetric, meteorological and LiDAR data), water quality data (e.g. off-shore water chemistry, tributary nutrient loading), and ecological data (e.g. algal community composition, zooplankton characterization, macroinvertebrates population estimates). Furthermore, we do not understand the extent of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Lake Manitoba system. Much of the monitoring that does take place occurs along the edges of the lake during the open water season, resulting in large gaps in our understanding of processes occurring in the middle of the lake or during the winter. Without filling these critical data gaps, our scientific understanding of the system is incomplete and we are limited in our ability to make recommendations to resource managers and stakeholders.
The second general recommendation that emerged is the need to coordinate research activities across disciplines and agencies. Lake Manitoba and its watershed are complex ecosystems which are connected to the landscape and other waterbodies, including Lakes Winnipeg and Winnipegosis. To this end, we propose establishing a Manitoba Great Lakes Research Consortium to coordinate and disseminate research across Manitoba’s Great Lakes. Such an organization could also facilitate a repository to make data collected from Lake Manitoba and connected ecosystems accessible to researchers and stakeholders.
While there are major gaps in our understanding of ecosystem functions in Lake Manitoba and its watershed, this report provides a way forward. For the gaps that were identified as the most pressing, workshop participants outlined plans of action to address these gaps, including identifying collaborators, potential sources of funding, and timelines to achieve these goals. These next steps will be useful to researchers, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations as they move forward to address the issues facing Lake Manitoba.Environment Canada, University of Winnipeg, University of Manitoba, Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship, Ducks Unlimited, International Institute for Sustainable Developmen
A Library Matter of Genocide: Native North American Genocides in Library of Congress subject Headings and Classification
Get PDFPresented at the Ontario Library Association Superconference, January 29th 2016The ways in which genocides, war crimes and atrocities are recognized by history can often depend on political considerations and alliances, and are, as a result, reflected in the language used to describe them. So it is with conventional library knowledge organization practices (i.e., LC and DDC) which often display problematic biases that do not always reflect the contents of the materials they seek to describe. This is particularly the case when the incidents in question relate to violent colonial encounters with Indigenous peoples. This session examines how the Library’ s ideologically-situated and euphemism-prone power to name can help to reinforce politically convenient but unjust narratives regarding historical and contemporary atrocities, and instead identifies sources of radical, progressive and Indigenous alternatives that can promote more accurate retrieval of — and, more importantly, honest engagements with — literatures of both the past and present
The National Inventory of School District Interventions in Support of LGBTQ Student Wellbeing
Get PDFThe National Inventory was undertaken in order to develop a detailed picture of the forms and extent of school system interventions made in support of the wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, Two Spirit, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) students in school districts across the country. The study was also designed to contribute to our knowledge of the particular outcomes that district officials associate with particular interventions so that we could select the intervention/outcome relationships that would be important to test in other phases of the larger project. These phases involve systematic assessment of intervention outcomes through analyzing available population health data for districts or regions where given implications have been widely implemented, and through on-site intervention evaluations and case studies."This study was funded by grant # MOP119472 by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Population and Public Health, and Institute of Gender and Health (Dr. Elizabeth Saewyc, Principal Investigator).
Housing and Affordability: A snapshot of the Challenges and Successes for Winnipeg's African Community
No full textReport: ii.; 44 pp.; ill., Digital file.The purpose of this study was to examine the housing experiences and related challenges of settlement of African immigrants and refugees located in Winnipeg. This included immigrant and refugee perceptions of housing, the challenges and barriers of finding affordable housing, satisfaction with current housing, neighbourhood perceptions, knowledge of community supports and service agencies, and the role of housing in the integration process. This report provides a "point in time" snapshot of the housing experiences of African immigrants and refugees in Winnipeg. The study builds on current discourse regarding the settlement experiences of newcomers in a period of increasing immigration in CanadaHomelessness Partnering Strateg
From oikos to polis: Ideology and Genealogy in Pindar's Olympian 9
No full textThanks to Syllecta Classica for permission to archive this article here. Their journal can be found at Project Muse (https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/33502) and information on the journal can be found at the University of Iowa (https://clas.uiowa.edu/classics/syllecta/home).In Olympian 9, Pindar constructs a family for his victor, Epharmostos, whose family does not—contrary to the generic expectations of epinikian—appear in the ode. By establishing connections between the early ethnic and civic history of Lokris and Opous respectively, Pindar elevates the athletic victory of Epharmostos to the level of ethnic and civic foundation; at the same time, the conceiving of citizenship as essentially familial allows Pindar to praise inherited excellence and fulfill his ideological goals, even in an ode—and for a victor—who cannot claim to have inherited his athletic abilities
Binary Words Avoiding xxRx and Strongly Unimodal Sequences
Get PDFIn previous work, Currie and Rampersad showed that the growth of the number
of binary words avoiding the pattern xxxR was intermediate between polynomial and
exponential. We now show that the same result holds for the growth of the number
of binary words avoiding the pattern xxRx. Curiously, the analysis for xxRx is much
simpler than that for xxxR. We derive our results by giving a bijection between the
set of binary words avoiding xxRx and a class of sequences closely related to the class
of “strongly unimodal sequences”.NSERCcs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL18/Currie/currie12.pd
Helping students learn beyond the bounds of their imagination: Lessons from a global citizenship practicum
Get PDFThe author revisits a global citizenship practicum he co-facilitated in 2003. His interviews with former participants show differences in what he and his teaching colleague remember and what students remember, revealing three critical teaching functions for facilitators of global citizenship practicums: fostering autonomy and independence, encouraging critical engagement, and being trusted elders. Implications for student learning and teaching practice extend to any situation where teachers want to cultivate a sense agency, independence, and critical outlook; for when teachers want students to learn beyond the bounds of their imagination