Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Evaluation of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. var PDM 139) Cultivated and Harvested Soils Supplemented with Nano Urea, Rhizobium and Farm Yard Manure
No full textA study was conducted to investigate the “Evaluation of varying levels of Nano urea, FYM, and rhizobium on soil properties and yield characteristics of green gram (Vigna radiata. L) var. PDM 139” at the research farm of soil science and agricultural chemistry. The experiment followed a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Treatment T9 (NU at 100% + RZ at 100% + FYM at 100%) showed a slight decrease in pH (6.96 PH), bulk density (1.27 mg m-3), particle density (2.46 mg m-3), there was a significant increase in pore space (48.90%), water holding capacity (46.51%), EC (0.20 ds m-3), organic carbon (0.58%), available nitrogen (320 kg ha-1), phosphorus (21.4 kg ha-1), potassium (195.12 kg ha-1), and plant growth. Among all the treatment joint use of T9 (NU at 100% + RZ at 100% + FYM at 100%) showed the most significant impact on green gram growth through healthy soil
Soil Fertility Status of Paddy (Oryza Sativa L.) Growing Soils of Different Agro-climatic Zones, Telangana, India
No full textThe main occupation of Telangana State, India, is agriculture. Achieving food security requires intelligent management to increase land use productivity and production per unit area because of the expanding population and decreasing amount of agricultural land per capita. In this sense, assessing the productivity and fertility of the soil is a necessary step toward sustainable agricultural development. In the current study, paddy grown different soils in the districts of Telangana State were assessed for soil fertility using random sampling approach. This study was conducted to analyze the fertility characteristics of paddy cultivated soils in different districts of Telangana State. Collected 275 soil samples at 0-15cm depth under paddy crop grown during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The samples were found to be slightly acidic to alkaline in nature and low amount of soil organic matter. Soil nutrients such as available nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) ranged from 50-401 kg ha-1, 17-147 kg ha-1 and 60-842 kg ha-1 in red soil, 63-314 kg ha-1, 33-126 kg ha-1 and 95-460 kg ha-1 in black soil and 73-312 kg ha-1, 25-158 kg ha-1 and 153-458 kg ha-1 in alluvial soil, respectively. The paddy cultivated soil survey results conclusively indicate that the soil samples reveals normal soil reaction, electrical conductivity and low organic carbon (0.48% average) and widespread low nitrogen levels (91% of samples). Conversely, phosphorus availability is high (82% of samples) with an average content of 82 kg P2O5 ha-1, and potassium levels are notably elevated (57%)
Optimizing Microbial Activity during Vermicomposting with Different Earthworm Densities
No full textThis study was performed to explore the impact of earthworm densities with addition of biofertilizer for optimizing microbial activity during vermicomposting. Equal numbers of nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) were inoculated in the vermicomposting system which was incubated separately with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nos. of epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida per kg of substrate. The study revealed the nos. of inoculated microorganisms viz. NFB and PSB in the substrates to increase with increase in earthworm population up to a certain range. The values reached almost stagnation when the stocking density of earthworms was increased beyond 30 nos. kg-1. Between the two kinds of inoculated microflora, however, the trend of stagnation became more prominent for NFB than PSB. The CFU of NFB and PSB in earthworm guts also showed a similar trend. This increased CFU of the microflora was reflected in the MBC values of the substrates where incubation with 30-50 earthworms per kg substrate showed highest ranges of MBC values. Similar was the trend for microbial respiration also. CEC, easily oxidizable organic carbon and total organic carbon values were used as indices of composting in the present study. All these values showed that the rate of vermicomposting showed a stagnating trend when the earthworm density was increased beyond 30 nos. kg-1
Productivity and Profitability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Different Straw Management Options in Rice Fallows
No full textA fixed field plot experiment was carried out for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Agriculture Research Station, Tornala, Telangana, India to evaluate various rice residue management options on the performance and economics of sunflower grown after dry direct sown rice. Plant height and dry matter production at different growth stages and yield attributes and yield per hectare were consistently and significantly superior in the treatments where incorporation of rice straw was done 15 days prior to planting duly adjusting C: N and C: N: P ratio of straw by adding part of recommended nitrogen and phosphorus, and both of which were on par with each other. The performance of zero till sunflower along with straw retention and application recommended doses of fertilizers after dry direct sown rice was also on par with the C: N and C: N: P adjusted straw incorporation treatments during the second year of study. Mean seed and stalk yield, harvest index, net returns and B: C ratio were superior with incorporation of C: N: P and C: N ratio adjusted straw treatments and zero till sunflower treatments when compared to straw burning, straw incorporation as such, straw removal and incorporation of C: P ratio adjusted straw treatments
Intercropping and Nutrient Management in Tuber Crops: A Review
No full textAmong the land used for growing food and tuber crops assume prime importance in human diet after cereals, being a concentrated source of carbohydrates. In Philippines, Java, Indonesia, Sumatra, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, China and south eastern Asian countries, tuber crops are either the staple or subsidiary food for about one-fifth of the human population. The crop plays a crucial role in satisfying the multifaceted needs of the human population contributing to food, nutritional, social and economic security. In the present scenario of climate change and lack of adequate areas for cultivation tuber crops are gaining a significant importance. Limited availability of additional land for crop production, decreased soil fertility and declining yield for major food crops have been cited as the major concerns for agriculture’s ability to provide nourishment for the increasing population. The tuber crops are usually long duration crops and it provides a scope for land intensification through intercropping. Intercropping is a farming practice that is commonly adopted in the tropics. Based on the spatial arrangement of crops in the field, intercropping can be largely practiced in various ways. The implementation of intercropping within tuber crop systems, especially in conjugation with leguminous species, has demonstrated considerable advantages in augmenting productivity, pest control and resource efficiency. This methodology not only elevates crop yields but also plays a vital role in promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Another important aspect that affects the overall productivity of the tuber crops is the nutrient management. Nutrient management plays a crucial role in optimizing tuber productivity in the tropical regions. While this review emphasizes the importance of intercropping and tailored nutrient management, challenges remain in ensuring that all farmers adopt these practices effectively, particularly in regions with varying soil conditions and crop requirements
Improving Mung Bean Yield: The Impact of Tillage Strategies on Soil Structure: A Review
No full textPulses endowed with unique ability of nitrogen fixation constitute an important component of crop diversification and resource conservation in farming system. Mung bean is one of the thirteen food legumes grown in India and the third most important pulse crop after chickpea and pigeon pea. Soil tillage systems can influence soil compaction, water dynamics and crop yield. These processes can be expressed as changes in soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and agricultural sustainability. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of tillage practices on soil properties and crop productivity of mung bean. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies and experimental data on tillage practices. Conventional tillage techniques include the incorporation of fertilizers and crop residue, seedbed preparation, aeration of organic matter and the release of nutrients. Tillage practices have an important effect on soil micro structure characteristics, water thermal properties and nutrients, but little is known in the newly reclaimed cultivated land. Tillage properties shows positive effects on soil properties and yield of mung bean. Bulk density decreased due to tillage practices Since tillage fractures the soil, it disrupts soil structure, accelerating surface runoff and soil erosion. Tillage also reduces crop residue, which helps cushion the force of pounding raindrops, and disrupts the microorganisms in the soil, leading to poor soil health. This review summarizes the current knowledge about tillage practices and its impacts on soil properties
Soil Fertility Changes and Crop Productivity of Banana by Continuous Adoption of Banana-Cowpea Intercropping with Nutrient Management Practices
No full textA front line demonstration was conducted in farmer’s field in an area of 8 ha with Poovan Banana variety taken as test crop. Banana is being cultivated to an extent of 2000 ha in six major banana growing blocks in the Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and mono cropping of banana leads to widespread deficiency in available nutrients (OC-62%, N -67%, Zn-98%, B-58%). This leads to tremendous yield loss. Hence this study was conducted in randomized block design. From this study, it can be concluded that growing of cowpea as intercrop in banana along with application of integrated nutrient management practice (demo plot) observed higher available nutrient status than farmers practice. Among the all soil parameters, a noticeable increase was 29 kg in available nitrogen and 0.30% in organic carbon observed in soil after incorporation of cowpea along with recommended dose of nutrient application at timely interval. Growth and yield attributing characteristics also was recorded higher in demo plot than farmers practice (check). Highest banana yield of 34.80 t ha-1 was recorded in the demo plot (KVK intervention from sowing to harvest) whereas farmers practice (check) recorded 30.2 t ha-1. The demo yield proved its superiority by recording 15.07 % yield increase over check and having higher net return of Rs.1,89,543 with BC ratio 2.30 than check. 
Effect of Different Tillage and Organic Inputs on Soil Properties and Yield of Cotton on Vertisols
No full textThe present investigation was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, Dr. PDKV, Akola during Kharif 2023-24 to study the effect of different tillage practices and organic inputs on soil properties and yield of cotton on Vertisols. Intensive tillage accelerates the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and reduces soil quality and yields, particularly in rainfed areas. This is further worsened by imbalanced fertilization and insufficient recycling of organic residues. Conservation tillage, when combined with organic inputs like FYM, vermicompost and phospho-compost, can help to restore soil structure, increase SOC and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The study aimed to assess the effect of different tillage practices and organic inputs on soil properties and on yield of cotton. The factorial randomized block design with two factors and four tillage treatments as factor A and four sources of manure as factor B were adopted. The treatments were composed of factor A consisting of four tillage operations [conventional tillage (T1), reduced tillage (T2), minimum tillage (T3) and zero tillage (T4)] and factor B consisting of organic manures such as farmyard manure (10 t ha-1) (M1), vermicompost (5 t ha-1) (M2), phospho-compost (5 t ha-1) (M3) and no manure (M4) replicated thrice. The results clearly indicated that conventional tillage resulted in the significantly highest seed cotton yield (14.10 ha-1), stalk yield (27.78 ha-1), total uptake of N (46.46 ha-1), P (7.86 ha-1) and K (33.05 ha-1) relative to other tillage practices examined. Among the organic manure treatments the highest seed cotton yield (11.21 ha-1), stalk yield (21.95 ha-1), total N (37.27 ha-1), P (6.57 ha-1) and K (31.25 ha-1) uptake by cotton was observed with phospho-compost application. Based on the observed results, it was notable that the available soil N, P and K were significantly influenced by the distinct tillage practices and organic manures. Among the tillage practices, the highest content of available soil N (182.14 kg ha-1), P (17.14 kg ha-1) and K (312.95 kg ha-1) were exhibited by the reduced tillage. The use of vermicompost resulted in the highest available soil N (185.93 kg ha-1) and K (316.68 kg ha-1), while the highest available soil P (18.22 kg ha-1) was observed with phospho-compost. The results revealed that conventional tillage combined with phospho-compost improves cotton yield and nutrient uptake, while reduced tillage along with the application of vermicompost and phospho-compost improves soil fertility. Therefore, combined use of tillage and organic inputs could be beneficial for enhancing soil properties and higher productivity of cotton in Vertisols as well as the whole of Maharashtra
Study about Correlation and Path Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)
No full textTwenty six genotypes of grain amaranth were evaluated during rabi 2017-18 for assessing the correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components. The grain yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly associated with plant height, panicle length, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant and harvest index. Dry weight of panicles had highest path towards grain yield per plant, dry weight of leaves directly associated with days to maturity and plant height. This indicates that these characters played an important role in higher grain yield in grain amaranth
Combined Analysis over the Years on the Influence of Foliar Application of Kappaphycus Seaweed-based Biostimulant on the Yield of Two Different Varieties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
No full textExperiments were conducted in a split-plot design with the different concentrations of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed extract (KSWE; 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) along with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) assigned to the main plots and varieties (TAU-1 and DBGV-5) assigned to the sub-plots at the net house facility of CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute during the Kharif season of 2019 and 2020, in order to investigate the influence of (KSWE on two black gram varieties, DBGV-5 and TAU-1, at a single location over two years. KSWE was foliar applied 3 times at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and various yield and yield attributes were measured. Combined analysis over the years revealed that the response of black gram varieties to KSWE varied between years, with significant improvements in yield and its attributes in 2020 as compared to 2019. KSWE concentration at 5% concentration was optimal, enhancing seed yield by 14.1% over the control and improving most yield parameters except pod length and seeds per pod. Yield attributes like pod numbers and total seeds per plant were enhanced by 9 and 10.7%, respectively, over control by this factor (KSWE concentration) at 5% level. No significant interaction was observed between KSWE concentration and variety, indicating consistent effectiveness across different black gram varieties