Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Evaluation of Agronomic Management of Overaged Seedlings of Rice Varieties on yield Parameters and Nutrient Uptake in North Coastal A.P
No full textA field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at the college farm of Agricultural College, Naira, Srikakulam to study the yield attributes and Nutrient uptake of different rice varieties as influenced by the intervention of different agronomic management techniques under late sown, over aged seedlings conditions in a split-plot design, comprised of three different varieties MTU 1210 (M1), MTU 1224 (M2) and BPT 2411 (M3) transplanted at the age of 45 days in the main field as main plots and with subplot treatments of seven different agronomic techniques adopted for study i.e. comprised Planting 33 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN ( 120 kg N as 70:30 in 2 splits) (S1), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S2), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S3), Planting 33 hills-2 with 6 seedlings per hill+125% of RDN (150 kg N as 70:30 in 2 splits) (S4), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings + 125% of RDN (S5), Planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 125% of RDN (S6). Planting 33 hills m-2 with 3 seedlings per hill + 100% RDN (S7). Regarding yield attributes and Nutrient uptake, BPT 2411 outperformed MTU 1224 and MTU 1210 among the varieties. Under late sown over aged seedlings conditions the variety BPT 2411 cultivated with an agronomic management of planting 44 hills m-2 with 6 seedlings per hill + 125% of RDN of fertility levels of 150-60-50 N, P and K kg ha-1 attains the highest grain and straw yields
Characterization and Classification of Soils of Chamba Block of Tehri Garhwal District of Uttarakhand, India: A Case Study from Lesser Himalayas
No full textIn the present study, an attempt was made to characterize and classify the soils occurring on different topography in the Chamba block of Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. A detailed soil survey was carried out by simple random sampling and studying master profiles using Landscape Ecological Unit’s map on 1:10000 scale to study the soils. The high-resolution remote sensing data product derived from the IRS-R2, specifically the LISS-IV data and GIS approaches were used. Nine representative pedons (covering all the soil types) were studied for their morphological, physical and chemical properties. These soils were very shallow to deep, dark grayish brown to dark brown/dark yellowish brown, brown to dark yellowish brown, dark grayish brown to olive brown and very dark grayish brown to dark yellowish brown in colour. Structure of the surface soils varied from sub-angular blocky to disturbed to single grain.Soil texture varied fromsandy loam to sandy loam, sandy loam to loam, loamy sand to sand and loam to clay loam in texture, strongly acidic to acidic (<5.5-6.5) and neutral (6.5-7.5) in reaction. The electric conductivity exhibited a range from 0.17 to 1.83 dS m-1 within surface horizons and from 0.02 to 0.80 dS m-1 within the sub-surface horizons, accompanied by organic carbon content categorized as medium (0.50-0.75%) to high (>0.75%). The exchangeable cations, specifically Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+, demonstrated variability ranging from 4.90 to 10.40, 1.30 to 4.00, 0.39 to 1.01, and 0.44 to 1.27 cmol p+kg-1, respectively, in surface horizons. Base saturation (BS) varied from 80 to 92% in surface horizons and from 68 to 91% in the sub-surface horizons. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied between 8.6 to 19.9 cmol p+kg-1 in surface horizons and from 2.7 to 17.2 cmol p+kg-1 in the sub-surface horizons. The soils were classified within the Entisols and Inceptisols orders. To ensure sustainable agricultural production within these soils, it is imperative to implement appropriate management strategies to mitigate the impacts of soil degradation
Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer on Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPNs): A Review
No full textIn order to increase the present crop productivity modern cultivation technique should be incorporated. The addition of organic and inorganic fertilizers improve soil fertility, plant growth or crop productivity. The major challenges to agricultural production is the low yield due to infestation of insect pests. Integrated pest management practices is the best option for pest control. Integrated agriculture should include biological methods, such as biopesticides. Among the biopesticides, Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate insect parasites in nature, can confer substantial benefits upon plants are safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals. Since these organisms live in an environment that continuously receives the addition of agrochemical compounds, viz., inorganic fertilizer, their abundance and infectivity of may be effected. This review presents an overview of compatibility of EPNs with inorganic fertilizers in agricultural management practices
Effect of Slope Gradient on Soil Properties and Organic Matter Quality in Aggregate Size Fraction on Coastal Plain Sand Soils Southeastern Nigeria
No full textSlope gradient by approaches which described organic matter dynamic and aggregate size distribution are important in guiding management practices of the soils of coastal plain sand. Study was conducted to evaluate effect of slope gradient on soil physical properties and organic matter quality in aggregates size fraction on coastal plain sand southern eastern Nigeria. Five soil samples were collected at 20m interval from each of the twelve selected slope, based on gradient (<10%, 11-20%and >20%) A total of Sixty samples were collected and analyses in the laboratory for physical and chemical properties. Each of the Sixty soil sample were separated with the used of dry sieving methods, into four aggregate Size fractions: 4.0-2.0, -2.0 -0.25, 0.25-0.05 and <0.05mm. The separation of the 60 soil samples gave a total of 240 aggregate. Size fractions. The date generated were analyzed in terms of slope gradient, as well as nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous organic compound in aggregate Seize fractions. The result indicated that slope gradient affect nitrogen and non-nitrogenous organic compound. Humin substance with aggregate size fraction of <0.05mm of <10% slope had high mean value of 0.68%. <10% and 11-20% slope high mean variability, while >20% slope had moderate variability in humin substance with aggregate size fraction of 4.0-2.0mm with <10% slope. Humic substance of 2.0-0.25mm showed that <10% slope had low mean value, while 11-20% had high mean value of 0.31 and 0.39%, respectively. Effect of slope gradient on carbohydrate content with aggregate size fraction of 2.0-0.25mm, indicated that 11-20% slope had high of 0.96%, while >20% slope had low mean value of 0.86%. Carbohydrate substance had high mean percentage among all organic substances even with high values, they are rapid disintegrated, while humin, humic and fulvic acid have long term effect in soil aggregate stabilization
Nanomaterials for Sustainable Soil Remediation and Contaminant Immobilization
No full textSoil contamination poses a significant threat to the environment and human health, necessitating effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Nanomaterials have emerged as promising agents for soil remediation due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, reactivity, and adsorption capacity. This review explores the application of various nanomaterials, including iron-based nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxide nanoparticles, in the remediation of contaminated soils. The mechanisms of contaminant immobilization, such as adsorption, reduction, and degradation, are discussed in detail. The article also highlights the potential environmental risks associated with the use of nanomaterials and the need for responsible application and monitoring. Furthermore, the review examines the integration of nanomaterials with other remediation techniques, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the remediation process. The challenges and future perspectives in the field of nanomaterial-based soil remediation are also addressed. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the application of nanomaterials for sustainable soil remediation and contaminant immobilization, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their performance and minimize potential risks
Impact of STCR Based Fertilizer Application on Soil Chemical Properties of Rabi Onion in Inceptisols
No full textA field experiment for fertilizer equation validation was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022–23 under the AICRP on STCR farm, PGI farm, and AICRP on IWM farm, MPKV, Rahuri, to evaluate the effect of STCR-based fertilizer application on the soil chemical properties of Rabi onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatment combinations: Absolute Control, GRDF, As per Soil Test, STCRC target for 250 q ha⁻¹ without vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha⁻¹ without vermicompost, STCRC target for 350 q ha⁻¹ without vermicompost + Biofertilizer, STCRC target for 250 q ha⁻¹ with vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha⁻¹ with vermicompost, STCRC target for 300 q ha⁻¹ with vermicompost + Biofertilizer, and only 5 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost. The research findings indicated that treatment T9 significantly increased electrical conductivity (0.24 dS m⁻¹) and soil organic carbon content (0.59%). Similarly, treatment T9 resulted in the highest residual soil available nitrogen and phosphorus levels, measuring 199.21 kg ha⁻¹ and 16.12 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. On the other hand, the highest soil available potassium level (475.29 kg ha⁻¹) was recorded in treatment T6, which was comparable to treatment T9 (471.76 kg ha⁻¹). Combining vermicompost with biofertilizers (Azospirillum and PSB) boosts nutrient use efficiency, reduces losses, and improves residual nutrient content compared to treatments without them
Effect of Organic Treatments on Growth Parameters of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the year 2020-21, at Deen Dayal Upadhyay Centre of Excellence for Organic Farming, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Different combinations of organic and microbial sources of nutrients (Poultry Manure, Vermicompost, FYM, Jeevamrit, Azotobacter and PSB) replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. The maximum plant height (172.67 cm), plant spread (241.71 cm), stem girth (167.33 mm) and leaf area (62.47 cm2) were recorded at last stage of growth with FYM + Poultry manure + Azotobacter + PSB application followed by plant height (170.24 cm), plant spread (237.32 cm), stem girth (165.46 mm) and leaf area (61.29 cm2) in FYM + Poultry manure + PSB and minimum under control. Therefore, on the basic of results FYM + Poultry manure + Azotobacter + PSB found best for plant growth parameters
Effect of Hairamin and Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield and Its Attributes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Research farm of the Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala during Rabi season of 2021. Response of three wheat varieties to integrated nutrient management involving Hairamin (protein hydrolysate from human hair) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) for grain yield and its attributes was studied in a field experiment. The soil was sandy loam, well-drained, alkaline (pH 7.23), low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, and high in potassium, with an electrical conductivity of 0.89 d/Sm. Eight treatments comprising a control and seven combination application of Hairamin, Azotobecter and recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers were evaluated in three wheat varieties “DBW 222", "HD 2967" and "PBW 723” in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The T7 treatment, 75% recommended N, P, K dose throughout synthetic fertilizers and appropriate dose of Hairamin foliar spray, exhibited highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. This treatment was shown to be statistically comparable to T6 (50% recommended N, P, K dose throughout synthetic fertilizers and appropriate dose of Hairamin Foliar spray). This increase in yield was reflected in higher expression of yield attribute in traits namely (ears per running meter row length, spikelets ear-1, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index). Therefore, use of Hairamin as bio-stimulant with reduced fertilizer doses is recommended for sustainable wheat production
Comparison of Nutrient Concentration in Leaves of Healthy and Leaf Margin Affected Banana Gardens of Hiriyur Taluk, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, India
No full textBanana leaves have been traditionally utilized in various parts of India for serving food, wrapping food items and for religious as well as cultural purposes. Despite their extensive use, there is limited scientific data available on the nutrient composition of banana leaves, particularly in the Hiriyur Taluk of Chitradurga District, Karnataka. This study aimed to analyse and compare the nutrient composition of banana leaves from healthy and margin-affected gardens in different locations. Samples of banana leaves were collected from Babbur Farm, Chillhalli, Venakalgudda, KC Roppa, Goguddu, Gudihalli, Biranhalli, Gounahalli, Vadadhalli, and Bagganadu Villages in Hiriyur Taluk. The leaves were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. The proximate analysis revealed that in margin-affected gardens, these nutrients were found to be in the ranges of 2.24-3.25%, 0.14-0.34%, 2.31-3.48%, 0.70-1.08% 0.35-0.58% and 0.24-0.41%, respectively, and in healthy gardens ranged from 2.86-3.26%, 0.31-0.53%, 2.86-3.49%, 0.87-1.08%, 0.45-0.56% and 0.30-0.36%, respectively. Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Cl) content were also reported high in healthy banana gardens compared to leaf margin affected gardens. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in the nutrient composition of banana leaves. The differences in nutrient composition observed among the banana gardens in Hiriyur Taluk could be attributed to various factors, including soil quality and different agricultural practices
Residual Effect of Phosphate Amendments on Agronomic Parameters of Rainfed Rice in Three Agroecological Zones of Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textA study was conducted in Côte d\u27Ivoire to assess the after-effect of phosphate amendments on rice yield and soil properties. Eight types of amendments, composed of Moroccan phosphate rock (PRM) and triple superphosphate were tested in three agroecological zones over three consecutive years of cultivation. The results of the study showed that the application of phosphate amendments led to a significant improvement in rice grain yield in all the agroecological zones. Grain yield was ranged from 1.7 to 4.5 t/ha, compared to 0.8 to 1 t/ha in the control. Treatments with a higher proportion of PRM showed the best results. These results suggest that the input of natural phosphate rock can significantly improve rice yield in the studied agroecological zones in Côte d\u27Ivoire