Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Studies on Nutrient Use Efficiency in Short Duration Red Gram (Cajanus cajan (l.) Millsp.) Varieties under Site-Specific Nutrient Management Techniques
No full textAim: To evaluate the nutrient use efficiency of short duration red gram varieties under site-specific nutrient management.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the rabi season of 2023 at an experimental farm in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore. Experimental field was silty clay loam in texture with medium in available N (295 kg/ha), high in available P2O5 (kg /ha) and high in available K2O (285 kg/ha).
Study Design: Split plot design.
Methodology: The treatments consisted of three varieties in main plot namely V1- APK 1, V2- VBN 3, V3- VBN 1 and eight treatment in sub plots T1- (+NPK), T2 - N (-PK), T3 - P (-NK), T4 - K (-NP), T5 - PK (-N), T6 - NK (-P), T7 - NP (-K), and T8 - Control (-NPK).
Result: Applying fertilizer as per recommended dose of nutrients without nutrient omission, resulted in increased nutrient use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and partial nutrient budget
Organic Matter and Indigenous Vegetables in Sack under Waterlogged in Southwest Bangladesh
No full textA study on the prospect and profitability of indigenous vegetables (Kalmi, Helencha and Malancha Shak) was conducted in Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district in waterlogged conditions from September 2020 to May 2021. In the study, three indigenous vegetables (Ipomoea aquatica, Enhydra fluctuans and Jussiaea repens) were tested with four levels of growing media viz., T0, control (no organic matter); T1, 75% organic matter+ 25 % soil; T2, 50 % organic matter +50% soil; T3, 25% organic matter+ 75% soil. Results show a significant difference among the treatments and different indigenous marshy leafy vegetables.
The maximum yield, gross and net income and BCR in all the vegetables were observed in T1. In the case of comparative analysis of different vegetables, the highest yield, gross and net income and BCR were also recorded from Helencha Shak and that was the lowest in Kalmi Shak
Influence of Simulated Erosion on Soil Properties and Maize Yield in the Southern Guinea Savanah Zone of Nigeria II
No full textAims: Long-term studies have been launched to assess the influence of artificial topsoil loss and its effects on soil properties and grain yield of cultivated maize.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the 2016 to 2019 agricultural seasons at the Federal University of Agriculture in Makurdi, Nigeria.
Methodology: Three geo- referenced sites within the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria namely: Site 1, Site_2 and Site_3 was used for the experiment. Erosion levels were established in June 2016 only by the incremental removal of topsoil at various depths. The study of crop productivity using simulated erosion was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with desurfaced soil depths of 0cm (control), 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm as treatments. One profile pit was also dug in each of the three sites for soil characterization and soil type establishment. Data collected on soil physical and chemical properties as well as crop growth parameters and grain yield was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using R core Statistical Software.
Results: The study revealed that the soils of the three sites were classified as Kandic Paleustepts for Site_1, Typic Plinthustalfs for Site_2 and Typic Hapluderts for Site_3. These has brrn reported in drtail in paper I. In comparison with the 0cm (control), maize grain yield was reduced by 7%, 89%, 100% and 100% at Site_1, 5%, 64%, 82% and 85% at Site_2 and 6%, 71%, 82% and 92% at Site_3 for the 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm topsoil depth removal respectively. The topsoil loss greatly lowered the grain yield of maize. We report the effects of topsoil loss on crop productivity for two years
Influence of Tillage Methods, Farmyard Manure and Potassium Rates on Soil Moisture and Relationship with Cassava Root Yields in Kagera, Tanzania
No full textField experimental trial was established in Biharamulo, Bukoba and Missenyi districts, Tanzania in two consecutive (2018/19 and 2019/20) cropping seasons, aimed at determining the effects of tillage methods, farmyard manure (FYM) and potassium rates on soil moisture conservation and the relationship between soil moisture and cassava root yield using the split-plot design with three replications. Treatments: Tillage methods (flat tillage, open ridging and tie ridging) as the main plots and; the fertilizer rates [farmyard manure alone at 4 MT ha-1 or FYM alone at 8 MT ha-1, nitrogen (40 kg N ha-1) + phosphorus (30 kg P ha-1) + potassium at 40, 80 or 120 kg K ha-1 and the combination of FYM at 4 or 8 MT ha-1 + potassium at 40, 80 or 120 kg K ha-1] and the control as the sub-plots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Designed (RCBD). Farmyard manure was applied at planting and inorganic fertilizers were applied in two splits. Soil moisture was monitored starting from one week after the last rain event at an interval of two weeks up to the first rain event of the following season. Soil moisture samples (0 - 30 cm) were collected from the rows and ridges using a soil auger, placed in cores, weighed, oven-dried at 105 oC and reweighed after 24 hours to constant weight. The soil moisture content (%) in each soil sample was determined gravimetrically. Cassava root yields were recorded from each treatment during harvesting. The results indicated that the use of ridges conserved significantly (P < .001) more soil moisture (24 - 58%) than the use of flat tillage (7 - 27%) in both cropping seasons. The use of tie ridges conserved significantly (P ≤ .01) more soil moisture (11 - 58%) than the use of open ridges (10 - 57%) in the medium and high rainfall areas as opposed to the low rainfall area, which both conserved similar soil moisture. There was a significant (P < .001) difference in soil moisture conservation between the control and fertilizer types and rates. The use of FYM conserved significantly (P < .001) more soil moistures (16.54 - 63.48%) than the combined use of inorganic N, P and K fertilizer rates (12.27 - 53.60%). The use of FYM at 8 MT ha-1 conserved significantly (P < .001) more soil moisture (19.94 - 62.16%) than FYM at 4 MT ha-1 (16.80 - 58.33%). However, there was no significant (P = .33) different in soil moisture conservation between the combined use of inorganic N, P and K fertilizers and; the control. Results from regression analysis indicated significant (P < .001) association between soil moisture conservation and changes in cassava root yields. Thus, planting cassava on ridges, concurrently with the application of FYM at 8 MT ha-1 is recommended for adequate soil moisture conservation and increasing cassava root yield
Assessment of Soil-site Suitability for Major Horticulture Crops in Chikkumbi-3 Micro-watershed (4D7C5O2f), Karnataka Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textDetailed soil resource inventorization was carried out at 1:7,920 scale in Chikkumbi-3 micro watershed, savadatti taluk, Belagavi district with an objective to assess the land suitability for various horticultural crops in the watershed. The soils of Chikkumbi-3 micro-watershed are characterized and classified into 3 soil series (CLK, CKB and HNL) comprising of 5 mapping units. The soil site characteristics and climatic factors were evaluated for its suitability for major horticultural crops viz., tomato, cabbage, chilli, rose, jasmine and coconut. The analysis revealed that the soil series CLK (Chulki), CKB (Chikkumbi), and HNL (Hanchinal) are presently not suitable for growing coconut due to significant limitations in physical conditions, rooting, and moisture. However, the region is deemed moderately to marginally suitable for the cultivation of tomato, cabbage, chilli, rose and jasmine. The main limitations in all the soil series found to be texture, CaCO3 content and climatic factors. These findings serve as foundational data for identifying specific soil constraints, aiding in the development of sustainable strategies for crop production in the study area
Management of Zinc for Rice in Sodic Soils
No full textThe Influence of amendments on reclamation as well as the availability of plant nutrients will vary. The response of crop for the applied Zn will also vary with amendments. However, field experiment was conducted in sodic soil with various amendments viz., gypsum @ 50 % GR + green manure (6.25 t ha-1), green leaf manure (12.5 t ha-1) and press mud (10 t ha-1) as main-plot treatments. Different levels of zinc sulphate viz., 50, 100 and 150 percent of recommended dose as basal with and without foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 per cent at panicle initiation (PI) and heading stage were imposed as sub-plot treatments. The rice (CO 52) was used as test crop. The results of field experiment revealed that reclamation of sodic soil with gypsum @ 50% GR + green manure @ 6.25 t ha-1 and ZnSO4 application @ 100% recommended dose (25 kg ha-1) along with foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at panicle initiation and heading stages found to be the best for getting higher yield of rice in sodic soils. For unreclaimed sodic soil, ZnSO4 application @ 150% recommended dose (37.5 kg ha-1) along with foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at panicle initiation and heading stages is found to be best. The amendments application significantly improved the physicochemical properties, exchangeable cations, available NPK, DTPA-micronutrients of soil. It also increased the uptake of NPK and DTPA-micronutrients of soil. The growth and yield parameters also showed a significant response for reclamation and ZnSO4 application. The application of gypsum + green manure (G+GM) or green leaf manure (GLM) or press mud (PM) can be effectively used as an amendment for the reclamation of sodic soil. The gypsum +GM exhibited its superiority over others
Assessing the Effect of Phosphorus, Molybdenum and Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Mungbean. (Vigna radiata L.) under Rainfed Conditions
No full textAn experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2023 at Pot Culture experimental site, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur Nagar (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments each replicated thrice. The treatments consist of three levels of phosphorus viz., 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1, two levels each of molybdenum viz. 1.0 kg ha-1 and 2.0 kg ha-1 and Rhizobium viz. inoculated (Rh1) and uninoculated (Rh0). Mungbean variety IPM 02-3 was grown with recommended agronomic practices under rainfed conditions. On the basis of the results emanated from the investigation, it is observed that, application of treatment T12 [P60 + Mo1 + Rh1] resulted in significantly higher plant height (58.24 cm), no. of branches plant-1 (9.82), no. of pods plant-1 (25.84), length of pod (8.91 cm), no. of seeds pod-1 (11.45), test weight (49.86 g) and seed yield (11.78 q ha-1). While the application of T13 [P60 + Mo2 + Rh1] resulted in significantly higher no. of leaves plant-1 (5.52), no. of nodules plant-1 (29.6) and stover yield (23.04 q ha-1). Thus, it could be concluded that treatment T12 [P60 + Mo1 + Rh1] was found to be superior and subsequently at par with treatment T13 [P60 + Mo2 + Rh1] over all the other treatments
Advanced Dehydration Techniques Standardized for Flowers of Gomphrena globosa L.
No full textThe present experiment was conducted on standardizing dehydration technique for Gomphrena globose flower by using embedding drying methods in room temperature and hot air oven at 55°C was done. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments with 3 replications designed in completely randomized design. Treatments used were as; T1-Boric acid (room temperature), T2-Silica gel (room temperature), T3-Sand (room temperature), T4-Sawdust (room temperature), T5-Cocopeat (room temperature), T6-Boric acid (hot air oven at 55 °C), T7-Silica gel (hot air oven at 55 °C), T8-Sand (hot air oven at 55 °C), T9-Sawdust (hot air oven at 55 °C), T10-Cocopeat (hot air oven at 55 °C). The most reduction in flower fresh and dry weight, measuring 2.36 and 2.12 g, was observed in Treatment T7 (Silica gel with hot air oven at 55°C), where silica gel was employed as the desiccant. The least reduction in flower fresh and dry diameter, measuring 1.92 and 1.81 g, was observed in Treatment T7 (Silica gel with hot air oven at 55°C), where silica gel was employed as the desiccant. The highest drying duration for gomphrena in T3 (Sand) and T4 (Sawdust) treatments was 234.21 and 210.40 hrs at room temperature. The boric acid and silica gel demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of quality parameters, including texture, color, and overall appearance. Among all treatment, embedding drying with silica with hot air oven dehydration at 55°C was found to be best in term of reduction in weight, diameter and overall colour, appearance and texture of Gomphrena globose flowers
Response of Macronutrients, Micronutrient and Biofertilizer on the Growth and Yield Attributes of Kalanamak Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Central Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted on the combined application of macronutrients and micronutrient along with biofertilizer significantly improved the growth and yield attributes of Kalanamak rice over two kharif seasons, 2022 and 2023. The most effective treatment, T7 [100 per cent RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) + 25 per cent N through FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + S (Sulphur) @ 40 kg ha-1 + ZnO (Zinc oxide) @ 5 kg ha-1 + BGA (Blue Green Algae) @ 10 kg ha-1] gave maximum increase in growth and yield attributing characteristics viz. plant height (96.80 cm & 97.82 cm), number of tillers hill-1 (11.23 & 11.25), number of effective tillers hill-1 (10.81 & 10.94), panicle length (35.16 cm & 35.43 cm), number of grains panicle-1 (175.82 & 179.45), number of filled grains panicle-1 (159.89 & 161.02), number of unfilled grains panicle-1 (15.93 & 18.43) and test weight (14.9 g & 15 g). This indicates that integrated nutrient management including the integration of organic manures, i.e., FYM, inorganic nutrients (N, P, K, S and Zn) and bio-fertilizers, i.e., BGA enhances rice growth and yield. The positive impact of BGA on nitrogen fixation, combined with the role of Zn and S in grain formation, contributed to higher grain numbers, greater panicle length and increased test weight leading to improved grain yield. Overall, the study highlights the importance of integrated nutrient management, demonstrating that the synergetic use of biofertilizer and balanced fertilization can optimize nutrient availability, improve soil health, reduce unfilled grains and increase crop productivity in Kalanamak rice cultivation
Effect of Customized Fertilizer Formulations on Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under Sodic Soil
No full textThe Customized Fertilizer Formulation (CFF) applications on growth and yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) varieties Manaparai local and CO-2 under sodic soils were studied with eleven CFF combinations. No Significant observations in growth yield and yield parameter was recorded due to the combined application of CFF and organic amendments on sodic soils. The symptoms of salt injury were well pronounced in brinjal cv. Manaparai local when compared to brinjal cv. CO2 though the sodic soil reclamation was done with gypsum @1.1 t/Ha. The salt injury was further confirmed with electrolyte leakage study conducted at field level. However, the treatment T11 i.e. CFF2 100% macro nutrients as straight fertilizers, liquid micronutrient formulation and composted Press mud @ 5 t/ha was found to have the brinjal fruit yield of 1.39 t/ha in cv. CO2 which was not a desirable yield. This might be due to the yield reduction per unit increase in salt content