Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textThe experiment was performed to evaluate heritability, genetic advance and genetic correlation for grain yield and its components, in F1 populations by line x tester fashion. The results showed that most traits demonstrated high heritability, except for days to maturity (49%), which displayed moderate heritability. The traits like pods per plant (2.848), 100 seed weight (2.772), number of nodules per plant (2.529), grain yield per plant (3.081) and harvest index (3.786) exhibited a significant genetic advance. Grain yield exhibited positive and significant genetic correlations with pods per plant (0.878), root length (0.878), 100 seed weight (0.929), number of nodules per plant (0.913), and harvest index (0.964) but negative correlations with traits like days to maturity (-0.492) and plant height (-0.266). Correlated response analysis highlighted traits that positively influenced grain yield and suggested indirect selection or index selection for improvement
Effect of Different Integrated Nutrient Management Approaches on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop: A Review
No full textThe adequate and balanced supply of plant nutrients is of critical importance in improving the productivity of wheat crop. Due to prohibitive cost of chemical fertilizers, Indian farmers, mostly marginal and small, do not supply the recommended doses of nutrients to these energy rich crops, indigenously available organic sources of nutrients have been recorded to enhance the efficiency and reduce the requirement of chemical fertilizers. The nutrients (N, P, K and Zn) can be supplied through fertilizers, organic manures, biofertilizers, bio-stimulants and their combined applications under integrated nutrient management. Wheat varieties differ in their phenology, requirement of thermal and photoperiod units and growth habits which cumulatively determine the varietal adaptation at different locations and sowing times. Therefore, comparative evaluation of varieties suitable for early, normal and late sown conditions is warranted to identify the growth patterns, physiological traits and yield attributes that will favorably influence the grain yield and biomass in wheat under normal and late sown conditions. This review examines response of wheat varieties to integrated nutrient management practices in wheat crop sown under normal and late planting conditions
Study of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Soil and Foliar Application Through Integrated Nutrient Management Practices
No full textAn investigation was conducted in Rabi season of 2023-24 at the instructional farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, to evaluate the performance of physiological indices on chickpeas under soil and foliar application. The experiment was established on a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD). The treatments were soil application of NPK 100 percent (A1), NPK 100 percent + FYM 10 t ha-1 (A2), NPK 100 percent + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 (A3), NPK 75 percent + FYM 10 t ha-1 (A4) and NPK 75 percent + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 (A5) combined with foliar applications, viz., Nano-DAP (B1) and Nano-Urea (B2). The results of the study revealed that morpho-physiological attributes of chickpeas were statistically increased by the application of soil (NPK 75 percent + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1) combined with foliar (Nano-urea) nutrient management practices resulting in maximum grain yield of 15.64 q ha-1 and stover yield of 30.49 q ha-1. The results of this study underscore the importance of integrated nutrient management practices involving soil and foliar applications in enhancing the physiological indices of chickpeas
Optimizing Nutrient Recommendations for Bottle Gourd Crop by Formulation of Targeted Yield Equations in an Inceptisol of Odisha, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted to formulate targeted yield equations for bottle gourd under a rice-vegetable cropping system in an Inceptisol of Odisha. The experiment started with the creation of three soil fertility gradient stripes by applying no fertilizer, recommended dose and double the recommended dose of fertilizer in rice (cv. Lalat) during the kharif season. Each fertility gradient strip was divided into 24 sub-plots and superimposed with 21 different combinations of nutrients containing N, P, and K; FYM in two plots at 5t and 10t ha-1 and one plot was kept as absolute control following which, bottle gourd was grown during the rabi season. The highest yield (116.3q ha-1) of bottle gourd was achieved in S-III with an application of 70, 100, and 100 kg N, P2O5, and K2O per hectare, respectively. The nutrient requirement (NR) for producing one quintal of bottle gourd yield was 0.30, 0.20, and 0.30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. The effect of graded doses of fertilizers on nutrient requirement, yield and nutrient uptake of bottle gourd were studied and subsequently, fertilizer prescription equations were derived for targeted yield of bottle gourd. A ready reckoner chart has also been prepared for facilitating farmers to achieve the desired yield target of bottle gourd by applying the required quantity of plant nutrients in the existing soil fertility level. The equations provide a basis for site-specific nutrient management based on desired yield targets under varying soil fertility conditions
Effect of Mulberry Stalk Biochar on Soil Nutrients Status and Productivity of Mulberry (Morus alba L.)
No full textBiochar as an organic amendment improves soil attributes, with a potentially significant effect on soil fertility. The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of biochar addition on nutrients status in mulberry cultivated soil. A field experiment was conducted in the mulberry crop to know the effect of soil application of mulberry stalk biochar on nutrients build up in soil at farmer’s field at Sidlaghatta (TQ), Chikkaballapura District during 2020-2021 (rabi2020, summer and kharif-2021). A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments replicated thrice T1: Control (NPK375:140:140 kg ha-1 alone) T2: POP (FYM (25 t ha-1) + NPK 375:140:140 kg ha-1) T3: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1T4: Soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 T5: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1T6: Soil application of biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T7: Soil application of biochar @7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1T8: Soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1NPK is common for all the treatments. Combined soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) increased the leaf yield (13.07 t ha-1) by 21 % over control (10.45 t ha-1 Significantly higher soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T8 (soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) followed by treatment T7 which received soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1. The lower soil primary, secondary and micronutrients were recorded in T1 which is devoid of biochar. The findings revealed that utilization of mulberry stalk as a biochar has positive effect on the improvement of nutrient status and it could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept
Spacing, Fertilizer and PGPR on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) and Chemical Properties of Soil
No full textA field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of spacing, fertilizer levels and PGPR on yield and primary nutrients accumulation in different parts of industrial hemp and on chemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, spacing and fertilizers levels with or without PGPR were the factors. The results revealed, plants spaced at 15cm × 10cm registered significant yield of leaves, stems and roots (7.84, 9.80 and 4.20 t ha-1 respectively). The uptake of nitrogen and potassium (450.32 and 159.13 kg ha-1 respectively) was highest in this spacing, while, the phosphorous uptake (75.74 kg ha-1) was maximum in 10cm × 5cm spacing. Among nutrition, 125 percent RDF plus PGPR recorded a significant yield of stem and seed, also, this treatment resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus (440.33 and 72.58 kg ha-1 respectively) by the plants. It can be inferred that spacing of 15cm × 10cm and application of 10 tonnes FYM with 250:125:250 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 (125% RDF) plus PGPR consortia (Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium @ 5kg each) was found to be optimum to produce higher yields
Impacts on Various Management Practices on Crops Yield and Soil Biology in Maize-Wheat Cropping System
No full textAims: Integrated approaches that consider the synergies and trade-offs among tillage, residue, and nitrogen management are essential for optimizing agricultural sustainability to highlight the complex interplay between agronomic, environmental, and biological factors. We intended to evaluate the impact of tillage, residue, and nitrogen management on crop growth and soil biological properties under a maize-wheat cropping system in an inceptisol.
Study Design: Split-split plot design.
Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-IARI research farm, New Delhi, since 2014.
Methodology: We collected soil samples at the anthesis stage of wheat crop and silking stage of maize crop at 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm soil depth. Soil properties, namely soil organic carbon, dehydrogenase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass phosphorus, and glomalin content by using standard procedures.
Results: We observed that the soil organic carbon, enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus, and glomalin content were significantly (P<0.05) higher under no-tillage and residue treatment at 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly higher by application of 100 and 150% RDN, respectively, at 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. The effect of nitrogen treatment on biomass yield was significant (P<0.05) and found to be higher at 150% Recommended dose of Nitrogen (RDN). The biomass yield of maize was 15.3% and 44.5%, and wheat was 7.8% and 20.4%, significantly increased by applying 150% RDN over the 100% and 50% RDN respectively.
Conclusion: Farmers can successfully adopt NT with 5 t ha-1 crop residue mulch with 150% RDN to attain better soil health and higher biomass yield under the maize-wheat cropping system
Assessing Genetic Variability in Cowpea Yield Components and Seed Quality Parameters; A Comprehensive Review
No full textCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important leguminous crop with significant economic and nutritional value. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the genetic diversity observed in cowpea populations with a focus on yield components and seed quality parameters. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a crucial legume crop known for its nutritional value and adaptability to various agroecological conditions. Understanding the genetic variability within cowpea populations is essential for crop improvement programs aimed at enhancing yield components and seed quality parameters. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the methods used to assess genetic variability in cowpea, focusing specifically on yield components such as plant height, pod length, and seed weight, as well as seed quality parameters including protein content, amino acid composition, and mineral nutrient levels. Various factors influencing genetic variability in cowpea, such as domestication history, breeding systems, and environmental factors, are discussed. The implications of genetic variability for cowpea breeding and the development of improved varieties with enhanced yield and nutritional quality are also examined. Overall, this review highlights the importance of genetic variability assessment in cowpea for sustainable agriculture and food security
Response of Organic (Material) Compost on the Production of Corn and the System Sustainable Agriculture
No full textA sustainable agricultural system is an effort to maintain a healthy, dynamic, and sustainable agricultural environment. One of the environmentally friendly concepts is the use of organic matter as fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best dose of using organic compost fertilizer.\u27 This research was a quantitative experimental study using a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), namely organic fertilizer with 5 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = No organic fertilizer (control) ), P1 = Dose of 20 g.plant-1, P2 = Dose of 40 g.plant-1, P3 = Dose of 60 g.plant-1, P4 = Dose of 80 g.plant-1. The results of the study on the vegetative component at each additional dose increased in size, the yield component had a significant to a very significant effect on cob length, cob diameter, and weight of 1000 seeds. The use of compost can provide maximum results for the production of feed corn, The best use of fertilizer is at a dose of 80 g.plant-1
Vertisols Pedological Characterization: Soil Morphology, Properties, Classification and Fertility Levels
No full textA detailed pedological characterization of vertisols was carried out from in Itigi district central Tanzania from 2022 to 2023 to adequately attain data relevant for agricultural planning and executing soil fertility studies across the district. Six sites were selected, named as IPD-P1, DML-P1, ITIG-P1, KTR-P1, SJR-P1 and TKR-P1 and considered as benchmark sites of existing vertisols in the district with reference to existing soil information and a prior conducted reconnaissance soil survey. Four samples from each site making a total of 24 samples were collected and analyzed with standard laboratory procedures for understanding their chemical and physical properties. The soil profiles were adequately very deep dominated by clayey. The pH level in all soils were between slightly acidic (< 6.4) to moderate alkaline (> 8.2). Available P, K and Zn were generally low (> 2.1 cmol(+) /kg, >17.4 cmol(+) /kg, 0.79 cmol(+) /kg respectively) in all study profiles. Levels of Exchangeable bases in all study profile were adequately available in which Ca dominated over others (<15 cmol(+)/kg. With the use of USDA soil taxonomy, profiles were classified as IPD-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) DML-P1 (vertic chromic calcitorrests) ITG-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) KTR-P1 (vertic chromic calcitorrests) SJR-P1 (vertic chromic gypsitorrests) and TKR (vertic chromic gypsitorrests). The six studied profiles had slight variations among them and within their horizons in terms of physical and chemical properties, and therefore this enhances the need of carrying soil characterization for effective fertilization recommendations