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The Advantages and Disadvantages of the So-Called 'Hybrid Courts' or 'Internationalised Courts': Implications fbr the Relationship between International Criminal Justice and Sustainable Development
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Influence of Semantic Relations and Developmental Stages on the Acquisition of Compound Noun Phrases in English
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Reconsideration of "Otodo" and "Otono" in The Tale of Genji
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A Study of Educational Exhibitions at Elementary Schools in the Era of Meiji 20's ～Through Text Mining Analysis of Educational Magazines～
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Tourniquet method based on muscle-milking mechanism to enhance venous dilation in upper extremity peripheral veins
Get PDFapplication/pdf目的：末梢静脈留置カテーテル挿入（Peripheral intravenous catheterization ; PIVC）の成功率向上のため、駆血する上腕筋のミルキング効果を応用した2 段階駆血法を提案し、穿刺対象末梢静脈の選定しやすさを評価する。
方法：看護師38人を対象に、駆血圧80 mmHgの従来のゴム駆血法と、その上腕中枢側に駆血圧80 mmHgの血圧計カフを追加した2段階駆血法について、穿刺予定静脈血管の超音波画像解析と近赤外線カメラによる動画解析ならびに看護師の触知怒張度を比較評価した。
結果：実験協力者37人のデータについて分析した。穿刺対象末梢静脈選定時間は2段階駆血法の方が有意に短く、看護師の触知怒張度も有意に高かった。怒張時の表皮から末梢静脈血管上端までの深さと血管断面積は両駆血法に有意差はみられなかった。
結論：2段階駆血法は看護師の触知怒張度を高め、穿刺対象末梢静脈血管の選定時間も短縮できることから、PIVC成功率の向上と電子駆血帯等の穿刺支援医療機器の開発に資すると期待される。
キーワード: 末梢静脈留置カテーテル、血管怒張、ミルキング、駆血法Objective：This study aimed to evaluate a two-stage tourniquet that applies the muscle-milking mechanism of the upper arm. We hypothesized that the milking effect increases blood flow and makes it easier to dilate the peripheral veins because muscular motion compresses a wide range of veins.
Method：This study included 38 clinical nurses. A two-stage tourniquet, combining an elastic with an 80 mmHg blood pressure cuff, was compared to a conventional elastic tourniquet. The nurses marked as many veins as possible for peripheral intravenous catheterization ( PIVC ) . The marked veins were evaluated using ultrasound image analysis, video analysis with a near-infrared camera, and a subjective palpable scale.
Results：Data analysis was conducted on 37 participants. The time required to determine the puncture site for the PIVC was significantly shorter with the two-stage tourniquet, and the nurse-assessed palpable scale of the vein was significantly higher. No significant differences were observed in the depth from the skin surface to the top or cross-sectional area of the vein.
Conclusion：The two-stage tourniquet enhanced the nurse-assessed palpation scale and reduced the duration required to select the peripheral vein for PIVC. This method is expected to improve the first-time success rate of PIVC and aid the development of medical devices that assist in venipuncture, such as electronic tourniquets.
Key words: Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization，Venous distension，Milking，Tourniquet methodapplication/pdfjournal articl
The mid-SUN-POD1 complex ensures the structural integrity of ER bodies required for herbivore defense in Arabidopsis
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Specialized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies in Brassicaceae plants facilitate defense
against herbivores by storing b-glucosidases that activate toxic compounds upon tissue
damage. The mechanisms ensuring the structural integrity and enzymatic activities of the ER body are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the mid-SUN-POD1 complex in ER-body function.
Using Arabidopsis thaliana sun3 sun4 sun5 triple mutants and POLLEN DEFECTIVE IN GUIDANCE1 (POD1)-knockdown lines, we examined ER-body morphology through confocal
microscopy, assessed glucosinolate degradation via LC-MS, and evaluated herbivore resistance through woodlice (Armadillidium vulgare) feeding assays.
Both sun3 sun4 sun5 and POD1-knockdown plants exhibited fragmented ER bodies, constitutive ER stress, and increased susceptibility to herbivores, despite normal accumulation of ER-body proteins. The defects in ER-body morphology directly impaired the defense function of these structures rather than affecting protein abundance.
The mid-SUN-POD1 complex is critical for ER-body morphogenesis and antiherbivore
defense in Arabidopsis. Our findings demonstrate how this conserved ER membrane regulatory system contributes to the function of specialized ER-derived organelles and their role in plant defense.journal articl