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Interferon lambda 3 ─ a predictive biomarker for patients with mild or moderateⅠ COVID-19
Full text linkInterferon lambda 3（IFN-λ3）and C-C motif chemokine ligand 17（CCL17）have not been validated as predictive biomarkers of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）severity. Here, we retrospectively investigated whether IFN-λ3 and CCL17 could predict the severity of COVID-19 in patients with mild or moderateⅠ COVID-19. We identified patients with mild or moderateⅠ COVID-19 according to the definition of severity in patients with COVID-19 between September 2020 and July 2021. We retrospectively measured IFN-λ3 and CCL17 levels in the preserved frozen serum blood samples and divided the study participants into four groups: IFNλ3 positive, CLL17-positive, IFNλ3 and CLL17-positive group, and a control group. The main outcome was the proportion of requirement of oxygen support after admission. We performed logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk factors associated with the proportion of requirement for oxygen support after admission. We identified 127 patients in the study period. The IFN-λ3-positive, CCL17-positive, CCL17 and IFN-λ3-positive, and control groups had 18, 12, 8, and 89 patients, respectively. We determined that the proportion of requirement of oxygen support after admission of each group was 22.2%, 8.3%, 25.0%, and 9%, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that IFN-λ3 positivity was independently associated with a higher proportion of requirement for oxygen support after admission（Odds ratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.01−1.1; p＝0.02）, whereas CCL17 exhibited the opposite result. In conclusion, IFN-λ3 could be used as a predictive biomarker for the oxygen support requirement in patients with COVID-19 after admission.departmental bulletin pape
Each N-glycan on human IgA and J-chain uniquely affects oligomericity and stability
Full text link東北医科薬科大学博士（薬科学）令和5年度doctoral thesi
Monitoring of experience-based learning using quantitative text analysis
Full text linkAt Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, first-year students undergo handicap simulation, and we have reported the results of monitoring of this experience-based learning at academic conferences. We have reported that experience-based learning performed in the years 2017-2019 had the effect of having students imagine the risks experienced by handicapped people and that this effect disappeared in 2020, when visual impairment experience was omitted.
In this report, data collected in 2017-2022 were analyzed, and specific acts during experiencing visual impairment that evoked a sense of risk were identified. Also, from the results obtained, we formulated a learning method that would have students imagine the risks and evaluated its effectiveness.
As a result of quantitative text analysis of the essays written by students, omission of the experience of walking on steps blindfolded was found to be the cause of the lack of imagination about risks. However, as COVID-19 had not subsided in the school year 2021, the learning method up to 2019 could not be restored. Therefore, “experience of touching a sharp object blindfolded” was introduced as a modification in 2021. This resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of students who could imagine the risks compared with 2020. In 2022, “simulated blindfolded mobility exercise” was added to the contents in 2021, resulting in a further increase in the percentage of students who could imagine the risks.
These results demonstrated that a decline in the quality of education can be appropriately coped with by monitoring the contents of learning.departmental bulletin pape
Abstracts of Published Papers and Titles of Papers Presented at Scientific Meeting 【Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences】
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Analyzing Students’ Medical English Needs at Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Cognitive Flexibility: A Fundamental Concept in Comprehending Higher Brain Function
Full text linkCognitive flexibility, the ability to switch cognitive sets, including perspectives, thoughts, and strategies, is a cornerstone of higher brain functions. This multifaceted cognitive skill plays a pivotal role in understanding developmental disorders in youth, the emergence of depression in adolescence, and the cognitive decline associated with dementia in later life. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a widely used measure of cognitive flexibility, assesses cognitive set shifting, cognitive set maintenance, and rule inference. However, the high task complexity of this test renders it unsuitable for elucidating the neural basis of cognitive flexibility in nonhuman primates and rodents. Here, we present two tasks: tactics selection and two-target search. These were used to record neuronal activity in Japanese macaques. They offer a simpler and more controlled environment for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility. We also review the theoretical framework that enables learning in the two-target search task. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of adopting these tasks to rodent studies.departmental bulletin pape