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Case report on the treatment of an infection, in cooperation with the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team, in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Full text linkAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease（ADPKD）is the most frequently inherited renal disease; it is a chronic disorder in which renal function declines with age. Infections, including cyst and urinary tract infections, are the third most common cause of death in patients with ADPKD. Here, we report the case of a patient with ADPKD with a suspected infection, whose treatment was started before the introduction of peritoneal dialysis. The patient was initially suspected to have sepsis, and was given antibiotics. Although ceftriaxone, followed by cefazolin and levofloxacin were administered, the symptoms did not improve. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with a liver abscess by magnetic resonance imaging, and prescribed antibiotics were changed. A combination of ceftriaxone and metronidazole, followed by moxifloxacin were administered, resulting in the resolution of the infection. Liver complications, such as the abscess developed by the patient with ADPKD mentioned here, are infrequent and rarely reported. Importantly, infection treatment in patients with ADPKD must take renal dysfunction into account. In this case, we worked with the antimicrobial stewardship team to manage the infection treatment from the perspective of selecting antibiotics and determining the dosage. We consider that this case report provides useful information regarding antimicrobial selection and dosing in the treatment of infections in patients with ADPKD.departmental bulletin pape
ESBL 産生株を含むEscherichia coli におけるcefmetazole 耐性獲得とその抑制に関する研究
Full text link東北医科薬科大学博士（薬学）令和4年度doctoral thesi
Phytochemical investigation of Scutellaria scordiifolia and its trypanocidal activity
Full text linkScutellaria scordiifolia Fisch. ex Schrank is used to treat various inflammatory diseases and other ailments in traditional and contemporary medicine. In this study, 10 undescribed compounds, including a flavanone (1), four chrysin C-glycosides (2–5), a phenanthrene glucoside (6), four iridoid glucosides (7–10) and 31 known compounds were identified from an extract of the aerial parts of S. scordiifolia. The absolute configurations of sugars in C-glycosides were determined by comparing electric circular dichroism spectra with calculated data. The flavanones (1 and 17), flavonols (11–13), flavone (14), and some of the flavone glucuronides (15, 16) exhibited trypanocidal activities against Trypanosoma congolense. The activity data and quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids from the aerial parts of S. scordiifolia suggest that they may effectively treat diseases caused by the aforementioned trypanosomes. Other compounds such as novel iridoids and phenanthrene glycosides, which may be useful for chemophenetic and chemoecological discussions, were also identified.journal articl
Building and Evaluating New Physical Assessment Training Program Encourages Pharmacy Students to Be Aware of the Pharmacotherapy Process
Full text linkWe have developed a new learning program for pharmacy students with the aim of forming a foundation for monitoring patient conditions over time as pharmacists. Lectures and practical training were coordinated to ensure that knowledge and skills were well linked. The lectures and practical training were conducted in the first semester as part of pre-learning subjects for on-site practical training, targeting approximately 300 fourth-year students in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy. Two types of humanoid simulators were used: Physiko, a physical assessment model that can control computer-controlled vital signs, such as breathing sounds, heart sounds and pupil movements, and SCENARIO which can be programmed to change biological reactions according to drug administration and treatment. Training included measuring pulse and blood pressure, auscultation, and continuous physical evaluation of infusion reactions after drug administration. There was a statistically significant increase in students' self-evaluation points on a five-point scale for all four items evaluated before and after the practical training. As an example of a post-practical report, one student wrote that he was shocked by the changes in vital signs when an infusion reaction occurred, and that he was reminded of the importance of observing patients closely. This new physical assessment training program is effective for helping pharmacy students not only acquire but also reinforce their practical skills, and should be promoted to increase awareness of the pharmacotherapy process among the students.departmental bulletin pape
Models of gastrointestinal absorption inform the development of new orally-administered drugs: A review
Full text linkOral administration is the most common route of drug administration. However, not all drugs are suitable for oral administration. Drugs that are highly lipophilic and have a low molecular weight exhibit relatively good gastrointestinal absorption and are suitable for oral administration. Hydrophilic drugs and high molecular-weight drugs with high water solubility, such as antibiotics and peptide preparations, possess low gastrointestinal mucosal permeability, and therefore, exhibit poor absorbability and are not suitable for oral administration. These drugs are usually administered intravenously, which is a highly invasive and less flexible route of drug administration. In the early stages of drug development, in vitro, in situ, and in vivo models are used to study drug absorption and determine the optimum route of administration. This review describes the research methods pertaining to the in vitro, in situ, and in vivo models that are important for drug development. The transport characteristics of substances determined using these in vitro, in situ, and in vivo models can inform administration routes, application in drug delivery systems, and the production of new compounds.departmental bulletin pape
Phytochemical investigation of aerial parts of Woodsia ilvensis and its plasmin-inhibitory activity in vitro
Full text linkThe fern plant Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. belongs to the Woodsiaceae family and its leaves are used to treat diarrhea, soft-tissue injuries, and external injuries. Investigations of the compounds obtained from the plasmin-inhibitory-active extracts of W. ilvensis led to the isolation of two undescribed maleimide N-glycosides, an undescribed stilbenoid glycoside, and five undescribed acetylated flavonol bisdesmosides, together with 19 known compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the sugar moieties were determined via HPLC after acid hydrolysis. Among the isolated compounds, some flavonoids and stilbenoid glycosides exhibited plasmin-inhibitory activity.journal articl