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A Report on the 71th Meeting for Liberal Arts of College and Universities in Tohoku-Hokkaido Area
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Brain magnetic field measurement: Novel techniques and applications
Full text linkThis study reviews recent advancements in brain magnetic field measurement, focusing on fundamental principles and clinical implications. Magnetoencephalography（MEG）, a noninvasive brain imaging technique, offers unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution. However, the current gold standard device used for MEG, the superconducting quantum interference device（SQUID）, is large/bulky, costly, and depends on cryogenic cooling systems, limiting its accessibility. Moreover, it is highly sensitive to environmental magnetic noise, particularly the geomagnetic field, hindering the full potential of MEG. In recent years, inexpensive, compact, and highly sensitive magnetic sensors that can operate at room temperature, such as optically pumped magnetometers（OPMs）and tunnel magnetoresistance（TMR）sensors, have emerged as promising alternatives. TMR sensors, a unique technology pioneered by Tohoku University in Japan, offer an extended magnetic field measurement range compared to conventional methods. The practical application of these next-generation magnetic sensors will expand the scope of MEG applications beyond fundamental studies on human brain function. Potential medical applications include the precise identification of epileptic foci and advancements in brain-machine interfaces.departmental bulletin pape
Abstracts of Published Papers and Titles of Papers Presented at Scientific Meeting 【Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences】
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Impact of Damage Characteristics from the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Regional Healthcare System and Economy
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to compare regional healthcare systems and economic cycles between inland regions that only experienced earthquake damage and coastal regions impacted by both the earthquake and the tsunami during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.
Methods: This study compared Tome（earthquake damage only）and Ishinomaki cities（earthquake and tsunami damage）in Miyagi Prefecture. Data were obtained from e-Stat and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. A regional economic cycle analysis tool from the Ministry of the Environment was used to assess changes from 2010（pre-disaster）to 2020（post-disaster）．
Findings: Both cities experienced a decrease in population, a rise in aging rates, and an increase in single--elderly. The proportion of hospitals beds decreased in Tome, but increased in Ishinomaki. The number of home care support clinics and home visit nursing stations grew in Tome, but declined in Ishinomaki. Tome observed an increase in home visits and end-of-life care cases, whereas Ishinomaki experienced a decrease. The percentage of home deaths increased in Tome, but decreased in Ishinomaki. Ishinomaki witnessed substantial growth in its GRP（Gross Regional Product）and fiscal transfer ratios. The main sources of employee income in both cities shifted from health and social services to post-disaster construction, with Ishinomaki exhibiting a notable income increase.
Implications: The regional healthcare system in disaster-affected regions must be reconstructed to create a balance between hospitals arrangements and home care services. Maintaining health and social services, along with key pre-disaster income sources, is vital for regional economic stability.departmental bulletin pape
Mid-term outcomes of mitral valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical Epic porcine bioprosthesis
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the mid-term clinical outcome of the St. Jude Medical Epic porcine bioprosthesis（Epic）in the mitral position at our institution.
Methods: This single-center study included 76 consecutive patients（36 men and 40 women; mean age: 71±11.5 years）who underwent mitral valve replacement using the Epic valve from September 2012 to September 2018. Perioperative, early, and mid-term postoperative data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for early and mid-term morbidity and mortality.
Result: The mean follow-up period was 70.6（±30.3）months. One operative death occurred, with a 1.3% operative mortality rate. Structural valve degeneration was observed in 12（15.8%）patients, and the reoperation was performed on 8 patients. Leaflet tears caused most of them. The rates of freedom from structural valve degeneration and reoperation were 93.2% and 96.5%, respectively, and the overall survival was 75.6% at 5 years.
Conclusions: This single-center analysis demonstrated a satisfactory mid-term clinical outcome of the Epic valve in the mitral position.departmental bulletin pape
Chemical constituents of five Saxifraga species and their virucidal activities
Full text linkThe chemical constituents of Saxifraga stolonifera, S. fortunei, S. nipponica, S. cortusifolia, and S. rebunshirensis were investigated for structure and virucidal activity. In addition to the Saxifraga species-derived tannins, 30 compounds (1−30) were isolated from the five species. 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl benzoic acid (1) and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranoside (2) were identified as undescribed compounds. Although 1 was isolated as the (E)-isomer of its caffeoyl moiety, under light it became over time a mixture of the (Z)-isomer (1a) and (E)-isomer (1). Kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) was an analog of 2 and a known compound, whose NMR assignment was reconsidered and described. 6-Isopropyl-5,5-dimethyldihydropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (30) was expected to be a racemic mixture based on its optical rotation and X-ray crystallography data. The virucidal activities of the isolated compounds (1–30) against influenza A virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, feline calicivirus, and murine norovirus were evaluated to identify the presence of compounds other than the Saxifraga species-derived tannins, which exhibited virucidal activities. Although the isolated compound activities were relatively weak compared to those of Saxifraga species-derived tannins, the potential virucidal activity of the compounds with galloyl groups was confirmed.journal articl
Importance of core fucosylation in regulating neuroinflammation
Full text link東北医科薬科大学博士（薬科学）令和5年度doctoral thesi
