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TREE SPECIES CLASSIFICATION OF BROADLEAVED FORESTS IN NAGANO, CENTRAL JAPAN, USING AIRBORNE LASER DATA AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES
No full textThis study attempted to classify three coniferous and ten broadleaved tree species by combining airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and multispectral images. The study area, located in Nagano, central Japan, is within the broadleaved forests of the Afan Woodland area. A total of 235 trees were surveyed in 2016, and we recorded the species, DBH, and tree height. The geographical position of each tree was collected using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device. Tree crowns were manually detected using GNSS position data, field photographs, true-color orthoimages with three bands (red-green-blue, RGB), 3D point clouds, and a canopy height model derived from ALS data. Then a total of 69 features, including 27 image-based and 42 point-based features, were extracted from the RGB images and the ALS data to classify tree species. Finally, the detected tree crowns were classified into two classes for the first level (coniferous and broadleaved trees), four classes for the second level (Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica, and broadleaved trees), and 13 classes for the third level (three coniferous and ten broadleaved species), using the 27 image-based features, 42 point-based features, all 69 features, and the best combination of features identified using a neighborhood component analysis algorithm, respectively. The overall classification accuracies reached 90 % at the first and second levels but less than 60 % at the third level. The classifications using the best combinations of features had higher accuracies than those using the image-based and point-based features and the combination of all of the 69 features.ArticleThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.XLII-3/W3:33-38(2017)journal articl
Comparison of Tree Species Classifications at the Individual Tree Level by Combining ALS Data and RGB Images Using Different Algorithms
No full textIndividual tree delineation using remotely sensed data plays a very important role in precision forestry because it can provide detailed forest information on a large scale, which is required by forest managers. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for individual tree detection and species classification in Japanese coniferous forests with a high canopy density. Tree crowns in the study area were first delineated by the individual tree detection approach using a canopy height model (CHM) derived from the ALS data. Then, the detected tree crowns were classified into four classesPinus densiflora, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Larix kaempferi, and broadleaved treesusing a tree crown-based classification approach with different combinations of 23 features derived from the ALS data and true-color (red-green-blueRGB) orthoimages. To determine the best combination of features for species classification, several loops were performed using a forward iteration method. Additionally, several classification algorithms were compared in the present study. The results of this study indicate that the combination of the RGB images with laser intensity, convex hull area, convex hull point volume, shape index, crown area, and crown height features produced the highest classification accuracy of 90.8% with the use of the quadratic support vector machines (QSVM) classifier. Compared to only using the spectral characteristics of the orthophotos, the overall accuracy was improved by 14.1%, 9.4%, and 8.8% with the best combination of features when using the QSVM, neural network (NN), and random forest (RF) approaches, respectively. In terms of different classification algorithms, the findings of our study recommend the QSVM approach rather than NNs and RFs to classify the tree species in the study area. However, these classification approaches should be further tested in other forests using different data. This study demonstrates that the synergy of the ALS data and RGB images could be a promising approach to improve species classifications.ArticleREMOTE SENSING.8(12):1034(2016)journal articl
依頼談話の発想と表現 : 異文化接触問題の解決をめざした日韓中対照談話論
No full text日韓中の依頼談話を対象に，実例と内省観察によって，発想と表現の巨視的異同を対照的に記述した．依頼行動があって，次に言語選択がある．そのため，社会文化が，意識態度，談話内容，言語表現に影響していることを明らかにした．まず社会文化を観察すると，中国と韓国社会には，積極的に依頼しあうことによって人間関係を構築していく互恵関係構築文化があるのに対して，日本社会にはそれがないことが分かった．中国社会では，依頼し合うことが「関係（グヮンシー）」と呼ばれる社会的きずなを築く手立てとして機能している．「関係」の間柄では依頼を基本的に断らないため，頼む側は，依頼相手が実現しやすいように，何をどこまでなぜ依頼するのか，言葉で明確に述べることが常識ある丁寧な態度だと意識されている．韓国社会の互恵関係はウリ（親密関係）間で成り立ち，中国より軽微な依頼の応酬もみられ，一部様式化している．依頼内容は，相手の現在の状況と自己の実情を言葉で率直に伝える．相手の依頼を断ることはできるが，相手が納得する理由が必要である．日本社会には，相手に頼むことからまず始める互恵関係構築文化は無い．自助と，共同体の共助が基本で，個人的な依頼は相手に迷惑をかける行為だと認識されている．場面意識にもとづいて，状況と心情をそれとなく伝えていくことで，相手の察しを待つ依頼表現が選択される．Article社会言語科学.21(1):80-95(2018)journal articl
第7回信州介護学研究会事業報告
No full text介護を担う人材の不足が課題となっている中、第7回を迎えた介護学研究会は、「介護の明日に向かって」をメインテーマとして開催された。各施設の特徴や介護の取り組みを紹介するポスター発表、及び障がい者施設の作品展示、さらに利用者との日々の関わりの中で、それぞれが体験し感じた介護の魅力について、実践発表を通し伝えた。これらの内容を通し、参加者それぞれが介護を振り返ると共に、今後の介護について考える事の出来る貴重な時間となった。その内容について報告する。departmental bulletin pape
Controllable Leidenfrost glider on a shallow water layer
No full textLevitation and self-propelled functions of the Leidenfrost phenomena are attractive. In this study, we propose a Leidenfrost glider having a ratchet-like topology under its body along with the driving method using the asymmetrical viscous vapor flow, as a prototype of a future vehicle that can move on a flat shallow layer freely. We observed that this vehicle can be accelerated to the velocity of approximately 0.2 m/s on a shallow water layer and the direction can be quickly controlled by changing the center of gravity of the vehicle. Our device might be important to reduce the worldwide energy loss of vehicles or to develop innovative microfluidic transportation systems in the future. (C) 2018 Author(s).ArticleAIP ADVANCES.8(11):115209(2018)journal articl
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis resulting in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V)
No full textIn the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that had progressed to result in a totally locked-in state (communication Stage V), in which all voluntary movements are lost and communication is impossible. In 11 patients, six had phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43)-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI), two had fused in sarcoma (FUS)-ir NCI, and three had copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-ir NCI. The time from ALS onset to the need for tracheostomy invasive ventilation was less than 24 months in ten patients. Regardless of accumulated protein, all the patients showed common lesions in the pallido-nigro-luysian system, brainstem reticular formation, and cerebellar efferent system, in addition to motor neurons. In patients with pTDP-43-ir NCI, patients with NCI in the hippocampal dentate granule neurons (DG) showed a neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, and patients without NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex. By contrast, in patients with FUS-ir NCI, patients with NCI in DG showed a preserved cerebral cortex and patients without NCI in DG showed marked cerebral degeneration. The cerebral cortex of patients with SOD1-ir NCI was preserved. Together, these findings suggest that lesions of the cerebrum are probably not necessary for progression to Stage V. In conclusion, patients with ALS that had progressed to result in communication Stage V showed rapidly-progressed symptoms, and their common lesions could cause the manifestations of communication Stage V.ArticleACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS.4:107(2016)journal articl
Synthesis of poly(conjugated ester)s by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic hemiacetal ester bearing acryl skeleton
No full textAvailable online 20 August 2019Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-4-one (DMDO), a cyclic hemiacetal ester containing an acrylate skeleton, was investigated. Although the ROPs catalyzed by tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate [Sn(Oct)(2)] and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) did not yield polymeric products, diphenyl phosphate (DPP) functioned a catalyst for the ROP through acyl scission accompanying with the elimination of acetaldehyde at 50 degrees C and 80 degrees C. The resulting polymer was a poly(conjugated ester) that had similar structure to the polymer of alpha-methylene-beta-butyrolactone (M beta BL), an alpha-exomethylene lactone with four-membered ring. Copolymerizations of epsilon-caprolactone and delta-valerolactone were also performed to yield the corresponding polyesters. The chemoselective main chain scission of the copolymers at the conjugated ester units were achieved by conjugate substitution reaction with benzyl mercaptan. Although the ROP of DMDO left a problem in the control of molecular weight, DMDO exhibited a potential as an easier accessible monomer alternative to M beta BL for the preparation of bio- and chemo-degradable polyesters.ArticleEUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL.120:109185(2019)journal articl