Web-based Archive of RIVM Publications
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Characterizing Freshwater Ecotoxicity of More Than 9000 Chemicals by Combining Different Levels of Available Measured Test Data with In Silico Predictions.
No full textNext Generation Risk Assessment approaches for advanced nanomaterials: Current status and future perspectives
No full textPhysical activity, sedentary behaviour, and childhood asthma: a European collaborative analysis
No full textQuestionnaire-based current asthma and lung function measured by spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity) at age 6-18 years
Measurement report: Ammonia in Paris derived from ground-based open-path and satellite observations
No full textCounterchecks on measurements of radioactivity in waste water and ventilation air at the nuclear power station in Borssele. Period 2022
No full textDe kerncentrale Borssele (KCB) meet hoeveel radioactiviteit de centrale loost via het nucleair afvalwatersysteem en het nucleair ventilatiesysteem. Het RIVM controleert deze metingen acht keer per jaar. Met deze 'contra-expertise' controleert het RIVM of de analyses die de kerncentrale zelf uitvoert, betrouwbaar zijn. RIVM concludeert dat dit inderdaad het geval is.
De KCB neemt de te analyseren monsters verspreid over het jaar. De gamma-analyses van afvalwater uit de contra-expertise in 2022 kwamen op hoofdlijnen overeen met de resultaten van de kerncentrale.
De overeenkomst in de 3H-data in afvalwater was voor 7 van de 8 monsters goed, en voor 1 monster matig. De KCB en het RIVM hebben geen strontium-isotopen en alfa-activiteit in het afvalwater gevonden.
In zeven ventilatieluchtmonsters vonden het RIVM en KCB geen activiteit. In het tweede monster vonden ze een zeer geringe activiteit van I-131(jodium isotoop 131). Dit betekent voor een denkbeeldig persoon die een week lang 8 uur per dag aan het hek van het terrein staat een verwaarloosbare dosisbijdrage van 0,0004 microsievert (in Nederland is de gemiddelde jaardosis door achtergrondstraling voor één persoon ongeveer 1700 microsievert). De hoeveelheden 3H en 14C in ventilatielucht, bemonsterd met een zeolietpatroon, kwamen redelijk overeen.
Het RIVM voert de contra-expertises jaarlijks uit in opdracht van de Autoriteit Nucleaire Veiligheid en Stralingsbescherming (ANVS)
Human carriage of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in relation to the consumption of raw or undercooked vegetables, fruits, and fresh herbs
No full text
Reported effectiveness of COVID-19 monovalent booster vaccines and hybrid immunity against mild and severe Omicron disease in adults: A systematic review and -regression analysis.
No full textWaning of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy/effectiveness (VE) has been observed across settings and epidemiological contexts. We conducted a systematic review of COVID-19 VE studies and performed a meta-regression analysis to improve understanding of determinants of waning
Impact of age on pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx and oral cavity: an ecological perspective.
No full textPneumococcal carriage studies have suggested that pneumococcal colonization in adults is largely limited to the oral cavity and oropharynx. In this study, we used total abundance-based β-diversity (dissimilarity) and β-diversity components to characterize age-related differences in pneumococcal serotype composition of respiratory samples. quantitative PCR (qPCR) was applied to detect pneumococcal serotypes in nasopharyngeal samples collected from 946 toddlers and 602 adults, saliva samples collected from a subset of 653 toddlers, and saliva and oropharyngeal samples collected from a subset of 318 adults. Bacterial culture rates from nasopharyngeal samples were used to characterize age-related differences in rates of colonizing bacteria. Dissimilarity in pneumococcal serotype composition was low among saliva and nasopharyngeal samples from children. In contrast, respiratory samples from adults exhibited high serotype dissimilarity, which predominantly consisted of abundance gradients and was associated with reduced nasopharyngeal colonization. Age-related serotype dissimilarity was high among nasopharyngeal samples and relatively low for saliva samples. Reduced nasopharyngeal colonization by pneumococcal serotypes coincided with significantly reduced Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae and increased Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization rates among adults. Findings from this study suggest that within-host environmental conditions, utilized in the upper airways by pneumococcus and other bacteria, undergo age-related changes. It may result in a host-driven ecological succession of bacterial species colonizing the nasopharynx and lead to competitive exclusion of pneumococcus from the nasopharynx but not from the oral habitat. This explains the poor performance of nasopharyngeal samples for pneumococcal carriage among adults and indicates that in adults saliva more accurately represents the epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage than nasopharyngeal samples