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Bias in artificial intelligence
Get PDFAs artificial intelligence entities and usage will continue to increase, as assumed at an exponential rate, the need to have proper studies that identify, fight and ameliorate its algorithms will be essential. According to many studies, bias has been identified in many AI(artificial intelligence, but from this point onwards we will refer to it with its acronym) entities, specifically in machine learning (MA), and it falls in different categories. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall introduction of two categories of bias in AI and MA, concretely: racial bias and association bias(commonly known as gender bias), and then analyze the impact and risks that they have/might have in society and provide possible resolutions. The limitations of this paper are evident, as no empirical study has been conducted in itself but it is based on referential work conducted by other researchers
Mobilitatea inteligenta – integrarea noilor tehnici de mobilitate inteligenta in orasele din Romania
Get PDFDezvoltarea urbana este un proces intensiv, cu efecte considerabile asupra calitatii vietii. Cresterea zonelor periurbane, dezvoltarea integrata a zonelor metropolitane si aglomerarile urbane din zonele centrale sunt factori de presiune asupra autoritatilor publice privind potentialele strategii de dezvoltare. Avand in vedere principiile de dezvoltare urbana comunitara (Charta de la Leipzig, Conventia Aarhus), tema „oraselor inteligente” este una a carei prezenta este din ce in ce mai remarcata in agendele guvernarilor europene, si nu numai. Conceptul de oras inteligent include: energia inteligenta, tratarea inteligenta a deseurilor si a apei, mobilitatea inteligenta, securitatea inteligenta si ICT (information and communication technology) inteligent. Mobilitatea inteligenta, avand in vedere impactul major pe care il are asupra calitatii vietii (prin designul urban, efectele asupra mediului ale deciziilor de dezvoltare a infrastructurii, dezvoltarea economiilor locale etc.), este una dintre componentele definitorii ale acestor orase.Sistemul de transport trebuie sa raspunda unor nevoi complexe ? eficienta, eficacitate, respectarea mediului, conectarea optima a principalelor puncte ale orasului, facilitarea dezvoltarii turistice. Economiile locale depind de sistemele de transport public intr-o masura semnificativa. Prin urmare, mediul si, deci, sanatatea cetatenilor, manifesta o dependenta fata de aceste sisteme de natura complexa. Avand in vedere politicile la nivel comunitar cu privire la planificarea urbana, tinandu-se cont de planurile de mobilitate urbana durabila (notiune centrala pentru transportul inteligent), autorii articolului incearca sa evalueze politicile locale din Bucuresti cu privire la dezvoltarea infrastructurii. Vor fi identificate posibile piedici de asumare a acestui model, precum si posibili factori care vor duce la integrarea acestui model la nivelul administratiei locale
Orasul inteligent este orasul incluziv
No full textStudiul abordeaza problema accesibilizarii mediul fizic pentru persoanele cu dizabilitati din perspectiva Designului Universal. Incluziunea sociala si asigurarea egalitatii de sanse sunt subiecte si obiective ale actualelor politici sociale legate de adaptarea tuturor mediilor in care activeaza persoana cu nevoi speciale (mediul social, mediul cultural, educational etc.) Accesibilizarea mediului este un curent aparut in SUA, in domeniul arhitecturii, care propune proiectarea unui mediu accesibil oricarei persoane. Denumit „Design Universal”, miscarea propune amenajarea mediului in asa fel incat sa fie utilizabile de catre toata lumea, fara a fi nevoie de adaptari ulterioare sau un design specializat care ar creste suplimentar costurile. Crearea unui spatiu universal inseamna, in opinia promotorilor, crearea unui mediu nediscriminativ, fara modificari ulterioare, care aduce beneficii cat mai multor persoane ce necesita accesibilizarea spatiului fizic. Scopul studiului este de a prezenta modalitati de accesibilizare a spatiului pentru mai multe categorii de persoane cu nevoi speciale (nevazatori, persoane cu deficiente fizice etc.) astfel incat sa se asigure egalitatea de sanse si respectarea drepturilor omului
Public sector renewal through ICT, a life?long learning approach
Get PDFThe EEA Grants aim to strengthen relations between donor and recipient countries through the exchange of experience and by boosting the internationalization of the education sector. Inter-institutional cooperation projects are meant to support innovation and improvement of teaching in higher education, to contribute to the modernization of universities and ensure a closer relationship between educational offer and labor market. Inter-institutional projects can be proposed regarding any field of study. The ideas presented are related to our cooperation project which consists in strengthening the institutional cooperation in higher education between Romania and Norway and thus, establishing structured, intensive and long- term cooperation, especially regarding curriculum development, the development of additional course offerings for the Romanian students and research the partner from Norway
Orasul inteligent, intre inovatie si patrimoniu
No full textOrasul inteligent nu inseamna doar cladiri hi-tech, politici de dezvoltare durabila si energii regenerabile. A crea un mediu de viata confortabil pentru locuitorii din zonele urbane presupune a urmari atat aspectul functional si tehnologic, dar si pe cel cultural. In acest sens, orasul inteligent este acela care stie sa recunoasca patrimoniul pe care il detine, sa il conserve si sa il puna in evidenta, facand uz de o serie de principii sustenabile, iar tot ceea ce adauga nou, sa fie conformat in functie de contextul existent. Astfel, doar prin gasirea unui echilibru intre clasic si contemporan, intre patrimoniu si insertie noua, putem spune ca am ajuns la conturarea unei viziuni complete si complexe a unui oras cu o dezvoltare corespunzatoare
Sustenabilitatea orasului inteligent
Get PDFMereu a fost un inceput, mereu a fost o istorie si o poveste, mereu o legenda, un oras, o tara! Trecerea timpului mereu ne-a ajutat sa fim moderni si sa modernizam tot ce depinde de viata noastra,orasele merg spre un drum de modernizare cu o viteza foarte mare dar aceasta viteza nu este ceea ce ne ajuta mereu. Uneori ne gandim la locul unde mergem acum, unde locuim si trecem peste fara sa aruncam macar o privire ... Distanta intre istorie si tehnologie devine din cea ce mai lunga, tehnologia ne duce catre un viitor necunoscut si istoria este trecutul nostru, care este de fapt punctul nostru de zero si unde am pornit noi totul
Abordari bazate pe inteligenta artificiala in cazul sistemelor de alimentare cu apa si a subsistemelor acestora
Get PDFEste putin probabil ca modelarea unor sisteme de alimentare cu apa utilizand numai experienta acumulata de-a lungul timpului de catre proiectanti poate conduce la obtinerea solutiilor optime, chiar si pentru o reteaua de conducte foarte simpla. In ultimii ani, cercetatorii au avut o preocupare sustinuta pentru dezvoltarea metodelor de automatizare a optimizarii modelelor de distributie a apei. Astfel, cercetarile pentru realizarea modelelor de optimizare a distributiei apei s-au concentrat pe diverse tehnici, cum ar fi Calcul Evolutiv, in special, directia utilizarii algoritmilor genetici, Calcul de tip Swarm, Logica Fuzzy, insa metoda cu cele mai multe promisiuni pare sa fie aceea a utilizarii de algoritmi genetici, folositi pentru optimizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu apa si de canalizare. Lucrarea prezinta cateva concepte de inteligenta artificiala pentru optimizarea acestor sisteme, modurile cum aceste abordari pot asigura functionarea lor corecta, sub multiplele aspecte ale functionarii
Bezoek aan Boekarest. Reconstructing Bucharest through the virtual footprints of Dutch speaking tourists
Get PDFSince the integration i?n the European Union, the number of Dutch and Belgium tourists visiting Romania increased steadily. Based on the data from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics, i?n 2014 roughly 78000 tourist from the Netherlands and 55000 tourists from Belgium visited Romania. Some of them wrote online about their travel experiences. Their stories are important because reviews and comments from former tourists can have a decisive influence on the decision of prospective tourists to visit or to not visit that specific destination. Through a qualitative research approach I take a look at some of these Dutch language website and blog entries of tourists who visited Bucharest. I?n this article the perspective of the Dutch speaking tourist is central to the process of reconstructing Bucharest through its online projection. The following questions are addressed i?n the article: What does Bucharest look like when reconstructed based on the comments written and on the pictures uploaded online by Dutch speaking tourists?; Is the city seen mainly through its architecture, its people, its green spaces, its clubs & cafe’s or its food?; What adjectives do Dutch speaking tourists use i?n their online texts when describing Bucharest?; Are there signs of perceived otherness i?n the online discourse of Dutch speaking tourist talking about Bucharest
Finantarea proiectelor de transport prin intermediul instrumentelor structurale
Get PDFRomania, atat in perioada de pre-aderare la Uniunea Europeana cat si ca stat membru, a primit ajutor financiar nerambursabil. Daca in perioada 2000-2006 a beneficiat de fonduri europene prin alocarile ISPA, PHARE si SAPARD, odata devenit stat membru la 1 Ianuarie 2007, primeste asistenta comunitara prin intermediul Instrumentelor Structurale. Progresele inregistrate in procesul de integrare europeana si extinderea succesiva au stabilit o noua configuratie a decalajelor regionale. Aderarile succesive au presupus un efort mare de adaptare din partea noilor state membre si din acest motiv, pentru a se conforma exigentelor, a fost nevoie de realizarea unui proces de reforma, de definire a masurilor capabile sa diminueze discrepantele dintre regiuni, proces ce rezida in politica de coeziune a Uniunii Europene. Conceptele utilizate in aceasta lucrare sunt politica regionala a Uniunii Europene, instrumente structurale, programe operationale. Principalele metode folosite se bazeaza pe observare, consultarea literaturii de specialitate, a legislatiei in domeniu si publicatii. Lucrarea poate fi folosita ca baza de cercetare atat pentru profesori cat si practicieni. In exercitiul financiar mentionat, prin intermediul acestor fonduri au fost construite autostrazi, variante ocolitoare ale diverselor orase ale tarii si au fost reabilitate drumuri nationale. In perioada Ianuarie 2007-Decembrie 2015, prin intermediul POST, au fost alocate fonduri in valoare de 4.288.134.778 euro; din aceasta valoare, pana la 31 August 2016, au fost rambursati de catre Comisia Europeana 2.950.099.444 euro, rezultand o rata de absorbtie efectiva de 68,80%
The place of the virtual workplaces in developing smart urban centres
Get PDFPurpose this study of the changing strategies cities with urban centres are adopting in order to adapt to the increasing influence of technology on the labour force looks at systems and structures been created to accomodate the virtual workplace in this cities. Urban centres are certainly a good place to begin this investigation and a look into how the virtual workplace can be embedded in plans and policies is timely. Methodology/methods This research adopts a qualitative research method to synthesize information genered from deskstop search for information that relate on a general level to theories and key terms in this paper. Furthermore, the framework design is a prelude to data collection and analysis which is in progress at this time and opens up the framework validation process. Aim The aim of the research is firstly to discuss the strategic changes in the design and deveopement of urban centres of cities at the current time with reference to the previouse status quo, and explain this changes based on developement theories (Network and System Theories Specifically). Findings Organizations today have little choice as regards the adoption of virtual workplaces, as one of the main goals of organization strategy is to remain competitive. Attracting the best talents and keeping ahead of competition in their industry. Cities therefore need to properly position themselves through planning and designs to make themselves attractive to these organizations. Hence recently, many cities have sought to develop smart urban centres which would incorporate systems, platforms and infrastructures around which the virtual workplace can be hinged. The the review of literature revealed that cities had began some while ago to adjust their policy and developement strategies to allow for necessary condintitions organizations need for the adoption of virtual workplaces. This in turn has provided a return of increased localization of organizations, highier standings in city livability rankings and increased attractiveness to skilled labour. Conclusions Organizations as we know it today is changing, so is the composition and the structure of this organizations. Cities where these organizations are locating themselves are not excluded from this changes. More highly skilled professionals are attracted to work in organizations located in a different place from where they live and it is becoming increasingly possible to take up such offers as organizations tend towards the virtual work place. This research has shown that this changes are already occouring, but there has been little effort to explain the role of cities in this change, and how cities themselves are changinging and developing to facilitate this phenomenon. It is therefore an area that should be further researched and based on the theories and principles discussed in this paper, a framework/model can be developed to explain this phenomenal change