Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Open Access Publishing
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Self-similarity within urban development
Get PDFCities have existed as a version of urban form since the beginning of civilization, constantly being shaped according to cultural and technolo- gical trends. The city from a holistic perspective has a similar structure in terms of functions and social connections with micro-level formations in the urban tissue (small neighbourhoods). An apparent chaos in the cities organization can be explained through an analysis of its works and pattern of expansion, by identifying its nuclei/urban poles that can be identified within the city limits (functions like living, commerce, "loisir", business, education etc.) To avoid a segregation phenomenon in urban regions, we must understand that these areas follow the same dynamic pattern, functionally and socially, as all the neighbourhoods within the city limits, fact that eases the transition from area exterior to the city line - urban periphery - complete integration within the city
Green clusters for a digital age
Get PDFSmart city is a concept that can be defined in different ways but each definition involves the use of information technology (IT). Its publicly declared goal is to improve the quality of life for its citizens (offering better services, providing a lower environmental footprint, allowing sustainability and last, but not least, improving citizens’ power in shaping the life of their city). In 2010, Evika Karamagioli and Lasse Berntzen pictured a ‘Russian nested doll’?like expanding list of prerequisites for building Smart Cities: access to technology; accessibility; education and training; freedom to speech/right to privacy/access to information; privacy/identity/anonymity; technological infrastructure; and, the most important one, trust. This paper will contrast, having in mind the digital divide, some of these prerequisites for two countries: Norway and Romania. In addition, given the global challenge of climate change, the smart city concept is coupled with one possible instrument, the development of green industries. Since addressing climate change requires the reduction of fossil resources dependency, transitioning from a fossil?based industrial production to a bio?based (green) industrial structure opens the way for a discussion about green clusters; those might be part of the solution. Some examples of good practices and clusters for green industries from Norway are also provided and some success stories including Romanian firms are presented
O operatiune cu stil – The Flame
Get PDFIn acest capitol voi vorbi despre Flame, un malware deosebit de sofisticat care a atras foarte mult atentia specialistilor in informatica si securitate digitala la momentul descoperirii lui – 28 mai 2012. Aplicatia, pentru ca in esenta asta este, a fost considerata a fi cea mai laborios dezvoltata arma cibernetica descoperita pana la momentul lansarii ei (Hanlon, 2012). Fara indoiala, dupa 2012 au existat si alte – sa le spunem – „initiative”, dar niciuna nu a reusit sa atinga nivelul de complexitate de care s?a bucurat Flame (cunoscuta si cu numele de Flamer si sKyWIper)
Safest cities of the world INDEX
Get PDFBig cities are now hothouses for economic growth, innovation, urban and development. This success also attracts petty crimes, hackers’ attacks or terrorist attacks. However, against those wrongdoers, new technology is starting to become available in order to help the society, increase the safety and security of the dwellers and raise their quality of life. The paper is based on comparative indexes about the safest cities of the world, as a result from two reports given by the research and analysis division of The Economist Group, The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). These reports were made in 2015 and 2017 and rank 60 cities from all over the world, across 49 indicators, covering digital security, health security, infrastructure security and personal security. My article focuses on urban developing, digital security, personal security like terrorist attacks, criminality, the best place to live, the biggest cities of the world, comparisons between 2015 and 2017, in order to understand how the world is changing and how that creates opportunities to be seized and risks to be managed
Retelele sociale si politica
No full textObiectivul lucrarii de fata il constituie, pe langa abordarea succinta a ..., ci si determinarea influentei pe care o exercita mass-media, prin retelele de socializare, asupra vietii politice in cadru national precum si international. Importanta utilizarii unei optime comunicari prin canalele mass-media se reflecta asupra imaginii oricarei persoane din domeniul public. Intelegerea relatiilor de natura complexa din interiorul sistemului mass-media si a politicului ofera o baza conceptuala in vederea analizarii influentei comportamentului politic si, pe de alta parte, faptul ca participantii sistemului politic exercita presiuni pentru a influenta presa. Se vehiculeaza de ceva timp incoace ideea ca Media este o a Patra putere in stat, si deci modul in care se interactioneaza cu ea poate conduce atat la rezultate favorabile, cat si la esecuri ce vor fi consemnate in analele istoriei. "Presa nu mai este doar expresia unor pozitii si opinii politice determinate; ea prezinta acum toate pozitiile si opiniile, fara a fi subordonata nici uneia dintre ele. Presa se constituie intr-o «a patra putere» in aceasta noua situatie, in care toate celelalte puteri sunt obligate sa faca apel la serviciile ei, fara sa poata insa sa o subordoneze [.]; ea devine o adevarata putere in momentul in care se separa de celelalte puteri, oferindu-le insa accesul la cuvantul si imaginea publica" (G. Leblanc, 1995, p. 65). Dupa Bernard Micge, spatiul public mediatic este influentat de: a) amploarea populatiei implicate; b) relatiile dintre partenerii actului de comunicare; c) stilul presei (de la presa de opinie la presa de informare); d) raportul cu puterile politice si economice; e) modul de organizare a mass-media (B. Micge, 1997, p. 115). Abordarea mea asupra acestei teme majore de cercetare s-a concretizat prin realizarea unui chestionar adresat unui public larg (sondaj de opinie) si a unor interviuri. Culegerea datelor si interpretarea lor s-a desfasurat pe etape, incercand a elimina - pe cat posibil - subiectivismul. Pornind de la ipoteza ca prezenta si activitatea persoanelor publice pe retelele de socializare influenteaza imaginea populatiei. Subiectul prezinta interes atat pentru student si profesori, cat si oameni ce practica meserii diverse – daca nu pentru a-si largi orizontul cunoasterii cu acest domeniu, dar pentru a fi cetateni model in societate
Smart cities, Smart governance, Smart data (3S)
Get PDFDezvoltarea unei guvernante inteligente prin abordarea unificata a modelelor de guvernanta adaptate la specificul comunitatilor locale si a politicilor nationale din domeniu reprezinta fundamentul necesar dezvoltarii conceptului de e-guvernare. Modelarea proceselor administrative la nivelul unui oras inteligent presupune utilizarea de infrastructuri si tehnologii integrate, adaptate la valorile publice asociate atat comunitatii locale, cat si celei nationale. Experienta privind factorii de succes si de esec acumulata in implementarea conceptului de e-government poate fi abordarea conceptuala care sa asigure interoperabilitatea nivelurilor din cadrul unei societati smart: cetatean, comunitate, oras, regiune, tara. Studiul de fata ofera o posibila dezvoltare a unui model de guvernanta inteligenta ca fundament al conceptului Smart Cities prin crearea de noi forme de interactiune cu cetatenii, bazate pe provocarile societatii digitale actuale: schimbul de informatii, implicarea cetatenilor si transparenta. Utilizarea unor instrumente bazate pe fluxuri inteligente poate fi factorul care sporeste angajamentul cetatenilor si sprijina dezvoltarea de noi modele de guvernanta. Un astfel de instrument prezentat in aceasta lucrare este aplicatia interactiva FiBO pentru principalele servicii inter? institutionale. Axata pe evenimentele de viata si dezvoltata in versiune Web si pentru dispozitive mobile, FiBO poate reprezenta un model de interactiune a cetatenilor si mediului de afaceri cu Administratia Publica din Romania. Pentru modelul dezvoltat sunt prezentate posibile directii de dezvoltare si optimizare (automatizare documente, audit legislativ, colectare date) utilizand tehnologia Machine Learning. Un alt aspect este reprezentat de necesitatea dezvoltarii unui cadru unitar privind asigurarea standardelor de interoperabilitate si securitate in procesul de modelare a fluxurilor administrative. Dezvoltarea unor modele de analiza a datelor bazate pe inteligenta artificiala, optimizarea fluxurilor administrative din cadrul comunitatilor locale si asigurarea unui cadru legislativ si operational coerent reprezinta pentru factorii decizionali elemente necesare in asigurarea unei bune guvernante
Respectarea drepturilor procesuale la judecarea cauzei in lipsa inculpatului
Get PDFIn this article we analyze this concept and limits the notion of "fair trial" in the light of European Court of Human Rights. As principles of judicial process to be guaranteed the defendant during trial of the case in his absence will be considered equality of arms, access to justice, administration and assessment of evidence. Will be analyzed situations that the European Court has described a state of affairs as interference by proceedings in absentia, failure to ensure the rights of the defendant in terms of the right to a fair trial is established that margin that exceeds the minimum allowable to qualify a situation as a violation of legal provisions. Will highlight the conditions laid down by national law for the decision of the court to be tried in absentia, where the possibility of ruling in absentia and actions to be executed by the court jointly with the accuser of State for a decision on the proceedings in the absence of the person. There will also be analyzed in terms of the European Convention on Human Rights and the practice field, rights and guarantees of a fair trial to be taken against the absent defendant at trial if the case tried in his absence
The missing coordinates of the sharing economy: Intellectual capital and intergenerational learning
Get PDFand intergenerational learning in the contemporary sharing economy. Prior work: The concept of “intellectual capital” has its roots in the work of Machlup (1962) and was coined by J.K. Galbraith (1969) who used it in order to describe the behavior of using brain and not just knowledge and mere intelligence. Although remarkable signs of progress have been made, this field is still in an embryonic stage of development. Despite the fact that the perspective switched from the organizational to the regional and national intellectual capital, there is no generally accepted framework regarding its components; these become highly important in the context of the sharing economy which manages to connect people, communities and organizations from various continents. Besides, in light of the faster technological progress and the development of smart communities and cities, the knowledge loss generated by the aging population seems to be neglected. Approach: An etic approach is employed which encompasses an external view on meaning associations and real-world events. Results: The results emphasize the link between intergenerational learning and intellectual capital, and highlight their contribution to the development of the sharing economy. Implications: These findings have both theoretical and practical implications; on the one hand, they extend the literature from the knowledge management field by emphasizing the nexus between age diversity and competitiveness in the sharing economy. On the other hand, it may serve as a handbook of policy-decision guidelines; it brings forward how the intergenerational learning programs and practices can be used for increasing the organizational and national intellectual capital. Value: It generates insightful knowledge on how to develop organizational and national intellectual capital through intergenerational learning
Educatie prin gamificare
Get PDFLuand in considerare avantul pe care tehnologia l-a luat in ultimii 50 de ani, putem afirma cu siguranta, ca paradigma pregatirii individuale sau colective va fi reprogramata in jurul unei colaborari participative digitale. Mai exact, ceea ce va trebui sa invatam precum si modul in care vom invata vor fi restructurate ontologic de catre tehnologie. De aceea a amenda dezvoltarea educatiei prin gamificare nu face parte dintr-o moda care o sa treaca, ci are rolul de a descoperi si a crea un instrument strategic in zona resurselor umane. In acest sens, prin cercetarea de fata, voi structura principiile de functionare ale gamificarii si voi preciza punctele pro si contra ale acestui tip de educatie precum si daca este posibila si necesara o aplicare viitoare a ei. Sensul acestui studiu a germinat din cercetarile pe care le-am facut pentru teza de doctorat, care se vrea un dialog realist si sincer intre religie si stiinta. Ca mijloc de abordare m-am folosit in special de metoda de observare intrucat lucrez intr-un domeniu in care sunt implicat in mod direct in modelarea unor caractere, dar si pe cea a studiului de caz. In cercetarea mea am fost uimit de rezultatul pe care l-a avut proiectul Gamify Your Teaching. Un proiect Erasmus+ coordonat de o echipa din Romania, in colaborare cu alte sase state care a primit distinctiile de „poveste de succes”(pentru impact si contributia la crearea de politici in domeniu, pentru rezultate inovative si abordare creativa) si „exemplu de buna practica” (pentru modul exemplar in care a fost dezvoltat si coordonat, fiind o sursa de inspiratie si pentru altii). Un aspect deosebit de important al acestui subiect este faptul ca sub incidenta lui pot fi implicati cercetatori, profesori, dar si studenti sau elevi. Concret, educatia prin ludificare isi propune sa sustina lectiile profesorilor in doua moduri: in primul rand, prin realizarea unui joc digital inovator, iar in al doilea rand, creand si testand materiale didactice pentru predarea. Un exemplu concludent este jocul de puzzle “Foldit” care, a facilitat o descoperire revolutionara in domeniul SIDA, rezolvand o problema pe care cercetatorii nu o desluseau de 15 ani. Cu peste 240,000 de jucatori, solutia a fost identificata in 10 zile. Deci gamificarea este o metoda de educatie utila si usoara care ii incurajeaza pe elevi si studenti sa practice studiul precum si sa faca schimb de idei
Smart (Re)Evolution: Dezvoltarea ecosistemelor de date si servicii din administratia publica
No full textAdoptarea unor mecanisme bazate pe performanta si eficienta in domeniul digital necesita luarea in considerare a 3 provocari: actualizarea periodica a sistemelor informatice (hardware si software), monitorizarea deficitului de competente profesionale in domeniu si asigurarea securitatii serviciilor/ datelor prin modularizarea sistemelor si identificarea eventualelor blocaje (analize de risc - rezilienta) pentru cresterea increderii. Institutiile guvernamentale utilizeaza modele rigide si fragmentate de proprietate organizationala a datelor si se confrunta cu probleme curente cum ar fi: date offline, infrastructura IT inchisa si lipsa abilitatilor analitice, toate acestea fiind un impediment in dezvoltarea capacitatilor de a crea servicii bazate pe date. Institutiile publice utilizeaza prea putin abilitatile practice si experienta celor carora le ofera servicii. Modelele de succes si experienta din mediul privat privind capacitatea de adaptare si transformare utilizand noile tehnologii reprezinta obiective ce trebuie adoptate la nivelul statului la nivel central si local. Obiectivul articolului consta in posibilitatea dezvoltarii unui model de guvernanta inteligenta ca fundament al conceptului de smart-state, prin analiza a patru piloni de interactiune privind provocarile societatii digitale: transparenta, implicarea cetatenilor, schimb de informatii (interoperabilitate institutionala) si securitate cibernetica (rezilienta). Modelul dezvoltat prezinta un ansamblu de directii necesare a fi implicate in dezvoltarea unui ecosistem colaborativ: resursele umane, cadrul legislativ national/institutional si tehnologia. Evolutia structurala a institutiilor publice nu trebuie sa se concentreze doar pe evolutia tehnologica. Asigurarea unui cadru legislativ, managerial si operational coerent reprezinta, cu precadere pentru factorii decizionali, elemente indispensabile in asigurarea unei bune guvernante. Diversitatea si particularitatile fluxurilor administrative complexe de la nivelul unei administratii guvernamentale necesita o abordare manageriala integrata ce trebuie sa cuprinda, pe langa masurile tehnice care trebuie adoptate in dezvoltarea serviciilor electronice, o serie de masuri juridico-administrative care sa asigure un cadru managerial si operational coerent si practic