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AlfaFold și Premiul Nobel în Chimie (2024)
Full text linkDacă în articolul precedent am vorbit despre Premiul Nobel în Fizică și legătura acestei științe cu inteligența artificială (AI), acum este momentul să discut despre Premiul Nobel în Chimie și legătura dintre chimie și AI. Acordat la o zi după Premiul Nobel în Fizică, laureații Premiului Nobel în Chimie sunt David Baker de la Universitatea Washington din Seattle, Statele Unite și Demis Hassabis, alături de John Jumper ambii de la Google DeepMind, Londra, Marea Britanie. Fascinant este faptul că deși acest premiu, la drept vorbind, nu implică foarte multă chimie, el o susține dintr-o serie întreagă de motive: înțelegerea vieții, tratarea diferitelor boli și multe alte aspecte.
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The role of ICT in Moroccan smart cities: towards innovative hospital logistics
Full text linkThis article explores the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of smart cities in Morocco, with a particular focus on hospital logistics. It aims to demonstrate how the integration of ICT can transform logistics practices, improve the efficiency of hospital operations and address sustainability challenges in a rapidly evolving urban context. This theme is essential to support Morocco\u27s efforts to modernize healthcare infrastructures and make the digital transition. The study draws on existing research on the impact of ICT in hospital logistics systems and on international smart city initiatives, while integrating analyses of specific examples in Morocco. It follows on from published work on the synergies between digitalization and public service performance. A qualitative methodology was adopted, combining documentary analysis and case studies of Moroccan smart city projects. Interviews with healthcare and logistics professionals provided practical perspectives on the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of ICT. The results reveal that integrating ICT into smart city hospitals enables better management of logistics flows, optimization of resources and enhanced coordination between players. These improvements contribute not only to the efficiency of care, but also to the resilience of hospital systems in the face of growing urban constraints. This study offers concrete guidelines for decision-makers and practitioners, highlighting the need for appropriate digitization policies. It also offers innovative thinking on the intersection between hospital logistics and intelligent urbanization, making a valuable contribution to research and practice in this field
Smart governance in Poland: The case study of the city of Łódź
Full text linkThis paper examines how Łódź, Poland\u27s fourth-largest city, embodies emerging trends in smart governance through its innovative digital initiatives, contextualized within the legal framework for algorithmic transformation under Polish law. Focusing on national policies shaping smart governance, the study highlights key urban sectors most influenced by digitalization. Drawing on established concepts of smart cities, smart governance, e-government, and m-government, the paper evaluates how these principles are implemented in Poland. The research builds on the authors\u27 broader work on the algorithmization of the Polish state, supported by their participation in an international project that gives a foundation for understanding Łódź\u27s legal and operational landscape. Employing a mixed methodology of desk research, empirical analysis, case studies, and observational techniques, the study investigates current policies and interviews city administrators to gain insight into existing tools and forthcoming innovations in smart governance. These findings are grounded in the legal framework enabling these transformations. The results offer a comprehensive view of Poland\u27s progress in digital public administration, positioning Łódź as a case study for leveraging governance technologies within legal standards. By contributing to the broader European and global discourse on smart governance, the paper fills a critical gap in the literature, as Łódź has received limited scholarly attention in this field. This study also serves as a practical guide for policymakers and practitioners aiming to implement smart governance tools within their jurisdictions, addressing both current applications and potential future developments. In light of rapid technological advancements, the paper assesses the impact of Polish law on digital governance. It explores the possibilities for future implementation, providing timely and relevant insights for academia and practice alike.The research leading to the paper was funded by the National Science Center of Poland (NCN) as part of the project entitled “Consumer Protection and Artificial Intelligence. Between law and ethics” (2018/31/B/H35/01169)
Eficientizarea recrutării în administrația publică. Modernizarea concursului ANFP
Full text linkLucrarea prezintă modalitatea de recrutare a funcționarilor publici prin concursul național organizat de Agenția Națională a Funcționarilor Publici. Acestă recrutare presupune testarea de noi competențe pentru a îi selecta pe cei mai competenți și performanți candidați. Procesul aduce în România transparența administrației publice, care conferă încredere cetățenilor în serviciile publice. Scopul este demonstrarea faptului că digitalizarea recrutării funcționarilor publici și eficientizarea procesului de selecție contribuie la o administrație publică mai bună și încurajează persoanele tinere să se înscrie. Obiectivele cercetării sunt: analiza procesului de recrutare pentru a demonstra nevoia de modernizare a întreg procesului, dar și identificarea minusurilor pentru a aduce îmbunătățiri. Metodologia folosită în cercetare este mixtă, presupune analiza datelor, precum legislația și analiza ex-post a concursului național, cât și un chestionar ce dorește să centralizeze părerile oamenilor despre selecția funcționarilor publici și mai ales dorește să afle ce i-ar motiva pe aceștia să participe. La baza administrației eficiente, stă personalul bine pregătit, care se dezvoltă și învață permanent. Împreună cu dorința de a eficientiza administrația și de a fi transparentă, vine și setul de aptitudini pe care funcționarii publici trebuie să le dețină. Concluziile susțin că digitalizarea selecției duce la o recrutare mai rapidă, ce presupune mai puține documente. Totodată aduce și competențele digitale în rândul funcționarilor deja prezenți, dar și cei viitori. Toate acestea contribuie la o administrație digitală, eficientă, ce oferă servicii de calitate cetățenilor săi, care au încredere că totul este transparent, atât procesul de selecție, dar și informațiile și serviciile pe care le oferă. Această lucrare contribuie la literatura de specialitate prin evidențierea importanței digitalizării procesului de selecție pentru a atrage în administrație tineri, fiind nevoie de un suflu nou
Guvernarea electronică 3.0: Un model AI de soluționare automatizată a petițiilor
Full text linkÎn timp ce guvernarea electronică (care înseamnă aici prima generație de e-guvernare) era doar o modalitate simplă de furnizare a serviciilor publice prin mijloace electronice, e-gov 2.0 se referă la utilizarea rețelelor sociale și a tehnologiilor Web 2.0 în operațiunile guvernamentale și în furnizarea serviciilor publice. Cu toate acestea, utilizarea termenului „e-government 2.0” devine din ce în ce mai rară, pe măsură ce atenția se îndreaptă către inițiativele mai ample de transformare digitală, care pot include tehnologii AI, blockchain, realitatea virtuală și realitatea augmentată. În acest studiu, prezentăm conceptul relativ nou de e-guvernare 3.0, care este construit pe principiile e-guvernării 2.0, dar se referă la utilizarea tehnologiilor emergente pentru a transforma furnizarea serviciilor publice și pentru a îmbunătăți guvernarea. Obiectivul studiului este de a explora potențialul e-guvernării 3.0 de a îmbunătăți participarea cetățenilor, de a îmbunătăți furnizarea serviciilor publice și de a crește receptivitatea și conformitatea sistemelor administrative în raport cu cetățenii, prin integrarea tehnologiilor emergente în operațiunile guvernamentale, folosind ca fundal evoluția e-guvernării în timp. Lucrarea analizează provocările cu care se confruntă primăriile în răspunsul la petițiile cetățenilor, care sunt o aplicație centrală a democrațiilor locale. Autorul începe prin a prezenta un exemplu de sistem de e-petiții (așa cum este utilizat astăzi) și analizează date anonimizate dintr-un corpus de texte de petiții adresate uneia dintre primpriile din România. Autorul va propune un model AI capabil să gestioneze mai rapid și mai precis numărul crescut de intrări, încercând să-l promoveze către primăriile care, din diverse motive, sunt încă reticente în a implementa AI în operațiunile lor. Concluziile vor sugera că poate fi mai eficient să ne concentrăm pe îmbunătățirea noilor algoritmi, mai degrabă decât doar pe tehnologiile „vechi”
Who\u27s afraid of AI? Is Romania\u27s judicial security endangered by means of AI tools?
No full text"How can people be connected with technology so that, collectively, the actions of these working entities are more intelligent than any person, group of people, computer, or computer network ever undertaken? The answer can come through two approaches: "the first involves the creation of new ways of interconnection between individuals, obviously facilitated by technology, to potentiate collective intelligence, the second envisages the connection of individuals with systems equipped with artificial intelligence, to generate a higher level of collective intelligence." Artificial intelligence is a component of digitization, being thus deeply interconnected with it and aiming to amplify and facilitate progress in the field. Together, they are driving forces of innovation and transformation in modern society. But for the protection of Romania\u27s judicial security, as well as for the promotion and respect of human rights in the digital age, the time has come for cyber security to be treated as a human rights issue. And that\u27s because cyber security is inexorably linked to the security of individuals, a fact that represents one of the foundations of human rights. Cybersecurity and human rights are complementary, interdependent and mutually reinforcing
Innovative concepts of age-friendly residential architectureas a support for ageing in place and in community-from Western models of best practices to solutions for the Romanian space
Full text linkObjectives: The accentuated trend of population ageing requires a strategic position in terms of diversification of housing and lifestyle options after the age of 65, to support the quality of life and well-being. The paper investigates representative contemporary models of housing developed in the Western space for seniors, which are based on two important concepts, ageing in place and ageing in community and the presentation of some applications in the Romanian space, developed in student projects in the V-VI years of study, coordinated in IMUAU. Prior work: The essential changes in the current preferences of adults who are approaching older age, in terms of residence, are charted: comfort, accessibility and safety (in anticipation of the possible reduction of mobility and the emergence of health problems), downsize of home space, shared facilities for housing and closer social contacts in the neighborhood. The work is based on previous research of the authors in the field of elderly-friendly architecture, with an interdisciplinary architecture-medicine-psychology spectrum, carried out in the last 14 years. Approach: The paper is narrative review, with an interdisciplinary character. Case studies are used: Western best practice models and student projects coordinated in IMUAU. Results: Depending on the level of independence of the users, two categories of residential architecture for seniors have been identified. The options for elderly people who only need low level of care: 1. Accessory dwelling units; 2. Age-restricted communities; 3. Senior apartments; 4. Co-housing; 5. House sharing. The options for the elderly with higher care needs are: 6. Village model; 7. Continuing Care Retirement Communities; 8. Assisted Living Facilities; 9. Group homes; 10. Memory care units; 11. Nursing-homes. The student projects developed in IMUAU addressed real situations from the Romanian space. A number of design trends were identified such as a focus on air quality, biophilic design, pet-friendly homes, access to cultural amenities and preserving community connections. Implications: Residential architecture that includes specific features for older people supports healthy and independent ageing, facilitating the development of sustainable, intergenerational communities. New age-friendly neighborhoods tend to offer varied active living options. Architecture contributes to the development of inclusive environments that combat age segregation and stigma. It is necessary for Romania to align to Western trends and include in new residential developments the perspective344 Resilient Communities Empowered by Collective Intelligenceof age in architecture. Value: The work critically examines the Western housing models for older persons and develops viable perspectives for implementation in the Romanian space
Utilsmart Utilities solution for smart cities
Full text linkIn the last decades, governments from the entire world have implemented various digital solutions to increase public services eficency and transparency. Almost every government around the world now provides e-services to citizens and other stakeholders through websites and mobile applications. Living in the era of rapid digitization, emerging technologies such as Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced decision-making systems are essential for modernizing and streamlining interactions between institutions, citizens and businesses. Together, these technologies contribute to build an interconnected, secure and transparent digital ecosystem capable of transforming administrative and decision-making processes and facilitating a fast and reliable flow of information. One of the most important problems that both public institutions and citizens are facing is related to utilities distribution systems, from optimizing water, energy, gas consumption, or alternative energy sources, to distribution systems maintenance, issues with the network and much more. The aim of this paper is to present a proposal that solves all the previous aspects and put together all the stakeholders in a single solution. The application will consist of multiple components: utilities consumptions, single point of contracting, utilities distribution systems malfunction reporting, bonifications, rating mechanisms (for providers and citizens). The entire solution will be based on multiple technologies like Blockchain, AI, Serious Gaming or modern Decision Support Systems. The value of this proposal is obtained from unifying all the important actors ( citizen, public administration and utilities providers) in one single place
Mitigating OWASP API security top 5 risks through API gateway patterns
Full text linkObjectives: This study aims to analyze how API gateway patterns can mitigate the top five risks identified in the OWASP API Security Top 10. Given the critical role of APIs in modern applications, addressing these vulnerabilities is essential for maintaining robust security postures. Prior Work: Building upon existing literature and industry reports, this paper examines the evolution of API security threats, particularly the updates in the 2023 OWASP list, and the corresponding mitigation strategies employed through API gateways. Approach: The research involves a comprehensive review of academic sources, industry publications, and real-world case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of API gateway patterns – such as rate limiting, authentication and authorization, schema validation, and logging – in mitigating identified security risks. Results: The analysis reveals that implementing these gateway patterns significantly enhances API security. For example, rate limiting effectively prevents DoS attacks by controlling request rates, while robust authentication and authorization mechanisms ensure that only legitimate users access sensitive endpoints. Implications: The findings provide actionable insights for security architects and developers, emphasizing the importance of integrating API gateway patterns with other security measures, such as secure coding practices and runtime protection, to create a layered defense strategy. Value: This paper bridges the gap between theoretical security frameworks and practical implementation, offering a roadmap for leveraging API gateway technologies as a frontline defense in API security
Data protection challenges in the era of AI:Case study of Macedonia
Full text linkIn recent years artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have experienced exponential growth. This technology is associated with the collection and processing of a vast amounts of data, so there is complex challenges related to the way that the data are collected, processed and used; and the data privacy, primarily personal data. The researches related to the data protection faces with the challenges of balancing the need for large-scale data processing with the imperative to safeguard personal data. Ethical principles, codes and rules in AI implies undertaking a large number of activities, from in-depth analysis of the current state of play and prediction of negative consequences, to thorough development and definition of them. Very often public debates about these tools and systems are the next steps that need to be taken before approaching the process of creating legal standards as part of public policies for their design, development and use. Despite the enormous efforts to act quickly in the field of protection when using AI, there is an evident gap in monitoring and analyzing the evolution of personal data protection in the context of AI which has not been completed. The efforts are mainly focused on creating strategies and legal regulation for AI, and legal reforms in almost all areas where AI is used. However, some countries lag behind in the basic steps related to the regulation of AI and especially data processing and personal data protection. This paper presents the current state of play in the RN Macedonia related to the data protection regulation in the field of AI. As a method of research are used on-desk document and web page analysis. This paper will shed light on the problems faced by developing countries in which novelties always occur with a delay, and especially their regulation