Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Open Access Publishing
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VPN VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN DATA PREDICTION
Get PDFThe evolution and age of the latest programs and services, along with the expansion of encrypted communications, make it difficult for site visitors within a security enterprise. Virtual private networks (VPNs) are one example of an encrypted communications provider that is becoming popular as a way to bypass censorship in addition to gaining access to geo-blocked offerings. This paper examines the presentation of an IP security, VPN. The Cisco Packet Line Platform is used for simulation, evaluation, and verification. It uses a virtual connection to carry data packets from a non-public network to remote locations.
Network data transmission used on an unsecured public Internet network so that you can access the network from cross-purposes and search for data traffic. One solution that can be done is with Virtual Private Network techniques using OpenVPN on learning networks. The results of the implementation of the Virtual Private Network using OpenVPN are that the effort gives a positive result, this is proven by sniffing the data that cannot detect the username and password sent. Quality of Service measurement results showed a decrease in network quality with latency parameters increasing from 51.4 ms to
463.4 ms, packet loss increased from 7.8% to 20.2%, throughput decreased from 82.8% to 71.6%, and bandwidth decreased from 64786 to 6.6 bits. 55589 bit/s, is due to the time-consuming encryption and encapsulation process. A virtual private network (VPN) can be defined as a way to provide secure communication between members of a group through the use of public telecommunications infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. There are many different VPN solutions out there, and simply deciding which one to choose can be difficult as they all have advantages and disadvantages. VPNs can be categorized as secure or trusted VPNs, client-based or web-based VPNs, client-side or provider-based VPNs, or outsourced or in-house VPNs. These categories often overlap with each other. To decide which VPN solutions to choose for different parts of the enterprise infrastructure, the chosen solution should be the one that best meets the requirements of the enterprise
Challenges and opportunities in designing data structures for a smart city
Get PDFThe Internet of Things generates a vast amount of data in smart cities. However, with the increasing popularity of cloud storage and the ever-improving hardware, data storage is no longer a problem. Despite this, there may still be a need to conduct research and analyze aspects such as data variety and velocity to address some technological issues. This paper explores the concepts of normalization and denormalization in SQL and NoSQL databases, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of carefully designing data structures in smart city applications. It is essential to consider the best approach to organize and manage information, taking into account the various areas of interest. To identify relevant data, analytics techniques are required to discover patterns, insights, and trends from large and complex data sets. One way to do this is through AI linked with Machine Learning. This approach can provide a better understanding of policy formulation, resource allocation, infrastructure planning, and service optimization. Additionally, we present a case study of a smart city application called SmartSantander, which illustrates how the use of NoSQL databases and denormalization can improve query performance. This could be a solution for addressing the data velocity problem. The article also emphasizes the importance of interoperability and cybersecurity in smart city data structure design. It highlights the use of JSON as a data interchange format and the need for secure data warehousing to protect sensitive information. Finally, our goal is to outline a solution that a smart city could implement to manage data effectively and securely. We propose using a hybrid approach that satisfies all its needs
Enhancing irrigation systems with SolarEdge technology
Get PDFSolarEdge technology is an established advancement in solar energy, optimizing photovoltaic system performance through innovative hardware and software. Its primary objective is to maximize solar energy production and enhance efficiency in intelligent storage systems. The use of power optimizers for individual panels ensures efficient control, eliminating shading issues and system-wide malfunctions. The technology includes a versatile hybrid inverter that operates autonomously or collaborates with alternative sources like batteries or the grid. Remote management ensures seamless operation, while the real-time monitoring platform offers insights into energy production and consumption, facilitating prompt intervention. Compared to traditional approaches, SolarEdge offers higher energy efficiency, rapid issue resolution, advanced management, and potential battery integration. The article underscores SolarEdge\u27s efficacy in addressing energy production and monitoring challenges, particularly shading and monitoring limitations. The technology optimizes individual panel energy generation, enhancing integration with alternative sources for increased output. The article also explores SolarEdge\u27s real-time monitoring and its potential in sustainable irrigation. In conclusion, SolarEdge transforms photovoltaic systems, efficiently addressing challenges and extending to innovative applications, maximizing energy utilization sustainably. The article is structured into sections: Introduction establishes context, Related Work compares existing approaches, The SolarEdge Solution details the technology, SolarEdge\u27s Role in Advancing Sustainable Irrigation explores its application, and Conclusions summarize its impact on photovoltaic systems and sustainable energy.
Reziliența spațiului și hibridizarea modulară arhitecturală
Get PDFAceastă cercetare explorează potențialul arhitecturii modulare hibride (HMA) de a îmbunătăți proiectarea spitalelor și de a spori reziliența infrastructurii medicale. HMA oferă o abordare flexibilă și eficientă pentru îmbunătățirea spitalelor existente și a designului general. Subiectul principal al acestei lucrări se referă la sistemele HMA care încorporează module inteligente capabile să optimizeze fluxul pacienților și să organizeze vizitele la spital prin eficientizarea proceselor administrative, reducerea timpilor de așteptare și îmbunătățirea experienței generale a pacienților. Lucrări anterioare: Acest studiu examinează HMA în raport cu predecesorii săi, spitalele tradiționale și cele modulare în ceea ce privește viteza de construire, eficiența costurilor, adaptabilitatea, durabilitatea și reziliența prin integrarea designului modular cu tehnologii inteligente pentru a răspunde mai bine urgențelor și nevoilor de asistență medicală în continuă evoluție. Abordare: Această cercetare a utilizat o abordare mixtă a metodelor care combină studii de caz, sondaje și interviuri cu experți pentru a explora aplicarea HMA în spitale. Sondajele și interviurile au colectat informații de la arhitecți și profesioniști din domeniul sănătății cu privire la flexibilitate și scalabilitate. În plus, revizuirile literaturii de specialitate au oferit o bază teoretică pentru a susține constatările empirice. Rezultate: Sistemele HMA pot reduce timpul de construire al spitalelor, menținând calitatea, totodată cu adaptabilitate sporită, permițând spitalelor să reconfigureze rapid spațiile pentru a face față numărului mare de pacienți. Implicații: Studiul oferă informații pentru cadrele universitare, cercetători și practicieni din domeniul arhitecturii și medicinei. Pentru practicieni, cercetarea evidențiază strategii de îmbunătățire a rezilienței și a scalabilității spitalelor, în special în situații de urgență. Valoare: Această cercetare explorează integrarea spitalelor existente cu extensii modulare pentru a mări rapid capacitatea și a spori flexibilitatea. Ea oferă o soluție durabilă și scalabilă pentru o asistență medicală rezistentă, făcând legătura între teorie și practică în proiectarea arhitecturală
Disinformation using artificial intelligence technologies – akey component of Russian hybrid warfare
Get PDFFor over a decade, the Russian Federation has been at the forefront of hybrid warfare, deploying highly developed capabilities to carry out cyberattacks, political and social subversion, the exploitation of societal tensions, corrupt financial influence, and disinformation operations campaigns worldwide. The primary objective of Russia’s disinformation campaign is to distort public opinion formation, undermine confidence in institutions, denigrate political leadership, widen social divide, and meddle with election processes where it has a certain level of interest. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has brought with it a deluge of disinformation and misinformation. Although it became routine for major events to generate fabricated news, images, and video, the war in Ukraine is featuring a whole new set of characteristics and the extensive use of machine learning that will influence how readers react to fake media. Fast advancements in information technology, particularly the use of artificial intelligence (AI), have changed the methods in which information and disinformation may be created and disseminated, making more difficult to differentiate falsehood from real information. In such tensioned environment, websites born to churn out misinformation that operate purely for spreading Kremlin propaganda have launched a real campaign to defend Kremlin right to war. This research paper explores the use of AI in the context of Russian hybrid war, such as user profiling, bot farms, micro-targeting, and deep fakes. The article also examines the ways in which AI can be used to counter such disinformation online and reviews a number of solutions that could help address the spread of AI-powered disinformation for improving the online environment.
Smart public transit insights
Get PDFLocal public administrations should pay special attention to the implementation of the smart mobility concept because public transport is a key factor for the sustainable development of cities. This paper explores the analysis of public transportation performance using intelligent algorithms that process data obtained from GPS devices and various other sensors operating on buses. The results obtained from this analysis form the basis of an intelligent management of the public transport system. The proposed analysis model aids in evaluating the transport system’s performance and improving the feasibility and suitability of the transport plan. The analysis of historical monitoring data facilitates timely, fact-based decisions. Our work explains why advanced IT solutions for transport management based on analytics should be present in all smart city projects, given that the efficient mobility of citizens increases the level of socio-economic development.
IoT systems for efficient preservation of cultural heritage
Get PDFThe protection of cultural heritage remains a particular priority, as works of art are subject to inevitable degradation over time. This deterioration is influenced by the composition of the material, external environmental factors and human intervention. This study introduces an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) system designed to monitor and mitigate the complex causes of artefact degradation, while simultaneously ensuring a conducive museum environment for visitors. The proposed cloud-based solution offers a diverse range of functionalities tailored to the different materials found in museums, such as paintings, metals and textiles. By integrating cloud-based sensors, the system provides real-time data, facilitating rapid responses to variations from optimal conditions. By monitoring key factors such as temperature, humidity, vibration, air pollutants (CO2, NO2, SO2, O3) and volatile organic compounds, this approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the main causes of degradation of art objects. This work builds on the MUSEION project, which aims to develop an integrated IoT-based platform for sustainable management of environmental control and climate change adaptation of museum exhibits. The results obtained in this research highlight both the scalability, reliability and efficiency of the prototype system in reducing events related to chemical and physical processes contributing to artefact degradation, as well as the real-time assessment of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) indices. By proposing an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) based solution for detailed monitoring of cultural heritage, the study makes a significant contribution to the field. The importance of the research is underlined by the thorough investigation and the results obtained, highlighting its potential to improve conservation practices in museum environments, thus providing a comprehensive approach to sustainable museum management and cultural heritage conservation
Risk management, protection, and security of personal data in Romania
Get PDFIn recent years, the digitization of institutions has gained momentum as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic period imposed the digitization of services in an aggressive and forced way, many authorities had to apply immediate measures, without having a test base behind them. People were forced to interact with a computer, thereby giving up physical contact with colleagues, which in one way or another increased the exposure of companies, thus allowing cyber-attacks easier access to target targets. The human factor, education, and balance are important elements when it comes to the area of data security. Any digitization process is meant to provide operational efficiency, productivity, and information security. Analyzing cyber attacks we will notice that they evolve with the help of AI, attackers use this technology to be able to produce personalized messages, customer information, etc. At the moment, Romania is at an average level, or even below the average level in terms of the functioning of the Internet and data security. In this article, we will present the results regarding data security, as well as the measures that were taken to protect them, both at the level of Romania and other EU member states after the coronavirus pandemic period
The Internet environment in Bulgaria as a basis of digital transformation and smart governance
Get PDFSmart cities\u27 goals highlight the need for better interconnectedness, transparent and efficient governance and more effective public services. European cities have been leading the way on smart city development for over a decade. These cities are pioneers in testing and implementing innovative, sustainable and integrated solutions to become greener, more efficient, and better places for life. The Internet is the basis of all these novel developments and the quality of the net environment is crucial for the accomplishment of the digital transformation goals.
The project "Conducting a national assessment of Internet development in Bulgaria through the framework of “UNESCO Internet Universality indicators" is closely related to the principles of the global initiative "Partnership for Open Government": transparency, civic participation, accountability and technological innovation. UNESCO\u27s Internet Universality Framework is a multi-stakeholder research tool designed to produce substantive and far-reaching findings that will be of real value to policymakers, regulators and other stakeholders to improve the quality of digital policy development and implementation.
The assessment through the “UNESCO Internet Universality indicators" is a unique instrument for the evaluation of the national Internet environment and its use. So far, several countries from all continents have undertaken this challenging exercise. After Germany, Bulgaria is the second European country that have produced such comprehensive report following a detailed procedure.
Through transparency, awareness and effective multistakeholder collaboration (governments, civil society, private sector, academia, the technical community, the journalistic community, etc.), we have gathered, consolidated and up-dated information about the network and the quality of services in Bulgaria, which is essential for an open, globally connected, secure and reliable Internet and sustainable digital transformation.
The main method used is the desktop and comparative research but for some areas an analysis of extracts from interviews have been included.
As a result of our experience gained during the implementation of the project, we made two types of proposals – international and national. The first group of proposals addressed UNESCO with the aim of refining the process of formulating new indicators and improving old ones based on the accumulated national practice. The second group of proposals comprised recommendations to statistical institutions, policy makers and legislators.
The report produced is a valuable asset for both theoreticians and practitioners. It allows them to see all problems concerning the Internet in a systematic manner. Statistics analyzed show that Bulgaria lost 10 positions in a year in the global digital quality of life index, the country\u27s e-government is above the world average but the country ranks 36th in terms of Internet accessibility.
Being a good start for the elaboration of appropriate digital policy and legislation and for the enrichment of national statistics the report served also as a test of the effective implementation of the multistakeholders’ approach in Bulgaria.
Unlocking the Potential of German Smart Cities: Strategy Analysis through Online Content Examination
Get PDFThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of smart city strategies in Germany through the examination of online content. Smart city initiatives have gained significant attention worldwide as urban areas seek innovative solutions to address various challenges. In Germany, renowned for its technological achievement and commitment to sustainability, has witnessed the emergence of numerous Smart City projects. The aim of this study is to investigate the current status of Smart Cities strategy initiatives in Germany based on a sample of 82 cities. To achieve this, an online content analysis methodology is employed, using the official web presences of the selected cities and information published on them. The content analysis focuses on identifying empirical evidence related to digitalisation, data and governance, and obtaining their transparency and progress in a sample of 82 major German cities. The findings of this study reveal the diversity and richness of German smart city approaches, but also a varying degree of sophistication and transparency of strategic initiatives. As an expression of Germany\u27s federal structure, the cities focus on different aspects, such as mobility, energy efficiency or data-driven administration. The insights gained from this online content analysis provide valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners and stakeholders involved in the design of smart city strategies. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of existing initiatives, policymakers can refine their approaches, address challenges and promote sustainable and inclusive urban development. Furthermore, this study contributes to the academic discourse on smart cities by providing empirical evidence on the implementation of strategies in a German context. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the German smart city landscape and serves as a basis for future research, policy formulation and the pursuit of smarter and more liveable cities