Publicații - Universitatea de Vest "Vasile Goldiș" din Arad
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Enhancing Green Growth: Exploring the Influence of Fiscal Spending and Green Finance
Full text linkThe present study delves into the intricate correlation between fiscal spending and green growth, specifically focusing on the catalyzing effect of green finance. Spanning the timeframe from 2005 to 2021, our investigation encompasses 18 developing and 14 developed countries. Leveraging Bayesian regression analysis, our findings uncover a nuanced juxtaposition in the effect of R&D expenditure on green growth across these divergent contexts. In developing nations, R&D spending demonstrates a discouraging negative effect on green growth, supported by a robust probability of 76.74%. Conversely, in developed countries, R&D expenditure manifests a promising positive influence, with a likelihood of 71.33%. However, upon integrating the pivotal role of green finance, a synergistic relationship emerges, underscoring its potential as a catalyst for bolstering green growth in both categories of nations. Grounded in these discerning insights, we delineate tailored implications aimed at fortifying green finance initiatives within each cohort of countries
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigations in India
Full text linkWith an increasing presence, Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigations all over the globe is progressively emerging as a new tool. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in India have been rapidly proliferating, especially as criminal activities increasingly move into the online sector. The volume of evidence collected is experiencing exponential growth and traditional methods often lack the power and complexity required to address modern crime effectively. India\u27s law enforcement agencies are seeking to embrace these through AI technologies and enhance their powers in solving crimes more effectively and efficiently. All these technologies like; predictive policing, facial recognition, natural language processing, or data analytics represent a pathway to faster speeds, higher accuracies, and better outcomes in Criminal Investigations. Predictive policing algorithms can be used to predict crime hotspots, while facial recognition systems can help identify suspects in a matter of minutes rather than hours and days taken in the manual methods. Moreover, AI can help in curbing cybercrime, which is the most challenging for law enforcement agencies in India at present. However, this use of AI in Criminal Investigation also raises concerns, particularly in the space of privacy and surveillance, protection of data and algorithmic bias. More specifically, the country’s regulatory framework for the use of AI by law enforcement agencies is extremely weak and underdeveloped, which opens the door to abuse and the infringement of certain fundamental rights. This paper examines the advantages as well as disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence in relation to Criminal Investigations in India and lays out a lengthy list of issues that must be resolved before AI can be applied to the nation\u27s criminal matters
The Modification of the Probation Period as an Effect of Transposing the Directive (Eu) 2019/1152 in the Romanian Law
Full text linkDirective 2019/1152 has brought to the forefront the importance of the probationary period in an employment relationship, by its dual importance both in the activity of an enterprise by enabling the employer to find workers as competent as possible for the performance of the activity, and for the worker, who has the opportunity to know from the beginning of the employment relationship what conditions he must fulfill. Law no. 283/2022 amended the national law in the sense that it made it mandatory to expressly mention the conditions of the probationary period, if any, thus creating a conflict between the existing rules, in relation to the fact that during the probationary period, there is the possibility of termination of the individual employment contract by a simple unjustified notification by either party. In the following study, we will try to solve the legal problem of whether there or there is not a change in the legislator\u27s optics regarding the reasons for the termination of the individual employment contract during the probationary period
From Margins to Mainstream: The Role of Political Parties in Advancing Women’s Parliamentary Representation in Ghana
Full text linkWomen’s underrepresentation in national legislatures is a persistent global concern. This study interrogates how political parties can promote greater women’s representation in Ghana’s Parliament. Using the mixed-methods approach, the paper combines a survey of 100 participants and in-depth interviews with six key informants. The findings reveal multiple challenges facing women in politics and identify mechanisms through which parties can help overcome these barriers. Internally, parties can introduce measures such as candidate quotas, reserved seats in safe constituencies, reduced filing fees, financial and material support, and capacity-building programs for aspiring female politicians. At the national level, legal reforms, including the implementation of the Affirmative Action (Gender Equity) Act (2024), are pivotal. While these strategies hold promise for increasing women\u27s parliamentary representation in Ghana, the study concludes that political parties must find a way to deal with internal opposition, as most stakeholders see these measures as undemocratic. The paper concludes that committed political party actions, coupled with supportive legal frameworks, are essential to achieving meaningful gains in women’s representation
The Impact of Ownership and Financial Stability on Bank Liquidity Creation
Full text linkEmploying a descriptive approach, this study intends to investigate the causal relationship between financial stability and liquidity creation and the effects of foreign ownership, local ownership, and financial stability on liquidity creation. The research sample included 35 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on a purposive sampling technique (non-random sampling) and the observation period between 2013 and 2020 utilizing quarterly data. According to the Granger causality test results, there is no reciprocal relationship between the creation of liquidity and financial stability. This indicates that the research variables avoid endogeneity problems. Using static panel data analysis, we discovered that neither foreign ownership nor financial stability has any impact on the creation of bank liquidity; however, the interaction between foreign ownership and financial stability has a significant positive impact, suggesting that the interaction between the two could become stronger. The asset-side liquidity creation component is the only one that plays this role. Domestic ownership favors liquidity creation, but there is less of an effect when ownership and financial stability are combined. When the creation of liquidity increases, production activities increase, suggesting that economic activity increases. Thus, these findings are useful for regulators and central banks in making economic and banking policies by considering bank ownership and stability
Do Investors Get an Advantage From Corporate Green Bond Issuance? A Cross-country Study
Full text linkThis study examines the stock’s response to corporate green bond issuance announcements. Analyzing a dataset of 230 global corporate green bond issuers from 38 countries between 2013 and 2022 through an event study, the findings reveal a positive market reaction, especially within the non-financial corporate sector. Green bonds in this sector are primarily used to fund their own eco-friendly projects, signaling a commitment to environmental sustainability, and generating investor confidence. Variation in market reactions across countries is noted, with developed countries exhibiting a significantly more positive response. This suggests that environmental initiatives hold greater value in these regions, highlighting the alignment between sustainable practices and investor sentiment. These results emphasize the potential advantages of integrating green bonds and their environmental commitments into investment strategies, particularly for portfolio diversification and attracting investors seeking sustainable opportunities
Non-Parametric Analysis of Retailer Performance in Selected EU Countries: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on microeconomic realities by creating uncertainty, changing economic conditions and ultimately reducing market activity. These effects were felt at a subsectoral level in a large number of European Union (EU) countries. This paper focuses on Spain, Italy, France, Poland and Romania to comparatively assess the differences at a firm level before and after the occurrence of COVID-19. In this study, a non-parametric approach was used for microdata collected from non-specialized retail firms in the agricultural and chemical sectors using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The study analyzed micro and small firms and concluded that across firm size and country, return on capital (ROC) distress—ratio of the coefficient of variation of the post-COVID-19 period to the pre-COVID-19 period—was the highest, especially for Spanish and Italian micro firms and Polish small firms. Working capital distress was similar and affected Spanish, Polish and French small businesses. Asset depreciation problems were greatest for Italian, Spanish and Polish small businesses compared to the others. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed statistically significant differences in employment and working capital between the pre-and post-pandemic samples. Our results suggest that COVID-19 had a noticeable impact at the firm level in the case countries, which can be assessed using non-parametric methods. Policymakers should constantly evaluate the performance of firms in each sector to develop rigid policy proposals for the potential economic disruptions in our time of multiple crises
Lawsuit for the Termination of the Joint Stock Company for Just Cause Under Turkish Law
Full text linkShareholder relations in a joint stock company may go well or may become unbearable over time. For this reason, the Turkish Commercial Code provides minority shareholders with the right to file a lawsuit for the termination of the joint stock company for just cause, especially for the protection of minority rights. The legislator has also allowed the judge to decide on alternative solutions instead of terminating the company for just cause. The legislator has not specified what constitutes just cause termination and has left this matter to the doctrine and judicial decisions. The purpose of this study is to clarify the issues left to the doctrine and judicial decisions in the light of the doctrine
Aruna Shanbaug. A Case Study in Compassion, Dignity, and the Ethics of Euthanasia
Full text linkThe case of Aruna Shanbaug is a landmark case in Indian jurisprudence that significantly influenced the debate surrounding the right to die with dignity. Aruna Shanbaug, was a nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, left in a persistent vegetative state for 42 years following a brutal assault. This prolonged condition raised complex ethical, moral, and legal questions regarding whether individuals in irreversible conditions should be allowed to die through unnatural means. In 2009, Social activist Pinki Virani filed a petition in the Andhra Pradesh High Court, seeking permission for euthanasia, arguing that Shanbaug\u27s condition was unlikely to improve and that she was suffering unnecessarily. The petition was later brought before the Supreme Court of India in 2011. While the Court rejected the plea for active euthanasia, it acknowledged the legality of passive euthanasia, provided that strict conditions should be fulfilled, including the approval of a medical board. This ruling marked a crucial development in the recognition of passive euthanasia in India, paving the way for future legal reforms. The case continues to influence discussions on human rights, medical ethics, and personal autonomy in the context of Indian healthcare law. The objective of this paper is to analyze the ethical, moral, and legal implications of the Aruna Shanbaug case in the context of euthanasia laws in India. It aims to explore how the case influenced the recognition of passive euthanasia and shaped subsequent legal reforms in the country
Mobile Legal Justice: Buckle Up for a Rocky and Smooth Justice System
Full text linkThis analysis explores the dynamics of the justice system, highlighting its systemic challenges and recent advancements. It aims to examine the justice system\u27s dualistic nature, focusing on structural barriers alongside progressive inventions. The rationale is to enhance an understanding and contribute optimally to legal processes by investigating the interplay among various components of justice delivery. The study explores the divergent experiences within this framework, where some individuals steer significant obstacles reminiscent of traversing perilous terrain while others benefit from more explicit pathways. The discourse emphasises the critical need for equitable justice across different demographics by analysing the influence of technological developments and mobile applications in improving accessibility and transparency. These narrative challenges prompt legal professionals and policymakers to rigorously assess continuous systemic disparities while cultivating a concerted effort toward a more equitable legal framework. Generally, this contribution posits that envisioning a future in which justice is accessible and fundamentally fair is achievable through the strategic deployment of ingenious tools and advocacy efforts