Publicații - Universitatea de Vest "Vasile Goldiș" din Arad
Not a member yet
680 research outputs found
Sort by
Capital Adequacy and Credit Risk in Banking: The Moderating Role of Revenue Diversification
Full text linkCapital regulatory requirements are one of the prominent mechanisms to control bank credit risk-taking behavior and subsequently achieve financial stability. The study aimed to evaluate the moderating role of revenue diversification in the relationship between capital adequacy and credit risk behavior of 102 listed South Asian banks. We collected data from DataStream covering the period from 2011 to 2022. The study employed a fixed effect panel data model, system GMM, a two-step system dynamic panel estimation technique, and the Sargan test to analyze study results, resolve potential endogeneity problems, effectively use short time period and long cross-section dataset, and achieve instrument validity, respectively. We conclude that South Asian banks face low levels of credit risk and the interaction of revenue diversification with the capital adequacy ratio significantly and negatively reduces credit risk. The findings implicate little adverse selection problem among South Asian banks and the need for expanding non-traditional income sources while fulfilling regulatory capital requirements. 
Navigating Challenges: The Impact of External Factors on SME Profitability
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the influence of some of the external environmental factors such as corruption (CO), tough competition (TC), informal economy (IE), law enforcement (LE), and tax evasion (TE) on the profitability of SMEs measured by the net profit of SMEs. To examine the influence of these factors, the study has adopted the quantitative approach to evaluate the data gathered through the online form from 336 respondents via a random selection sample. To achieve this objective, the data analysis was carried out by applying the multinomial regression model to evaluate the influence of external factors on the net profit according to the input of the managers or entrepreneurs. Econometric results revealed that CO and TC have a significant positive influence on the net profit of SMEs, whilst the IE has a negative influence. TE and LE showed surprising results as they did not provide a significant impact. Understanding factors that influence net profit can provide entrepreneurs with more insight into issues affecting the future of their business. Increased profitability offers greater opportunities for SMEs to become more competitive and pushes them toward growth and development. In terms of bringing new value and originality, the study provides new evidence through an econometric approach, which delivers answers through empirical evidence and will instigate constructive debate and discussion between researchers. 
Public Health Expenditure and Maternal Mortality Rate in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Full text linkThe study looked at public health spending and maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The specific objectives were to: investigate the impact of public health expenditure on maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa; determine whether there is a disparity in the impact of public health expenditure on maternal mortality across four sub-regions of Sub-Saharan Africa; and determine the nature of the causal relationship between public health spending and maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study employed the Panel ARDL, the Panel Co-integration Test, and the Panel Granger Causality Test to achieve the objectives. According to the findings, an increase in public health investment corresponds to a decrease in maternal death rates in sub-Saharan Africa. The regional analysis shows that public health expenditure has a long-run significant and negative impact on maternal mortality rate in the Central and Western regions of sub-Saharan Africa countries. Whereas, results from Southern and Eastern regions showed a positive and insignificant impact of public health spending on maternal mortality rate in the long run. The study reveals a unidirectional relationship between public health expenditure and maternal mortality rate with causality running from public health expenditure to maternal mortality rate and no causality running from maternal mortality rate to public health expenditure in both the full SSA sample and in the South SSA sample. The result also revealed a bidirectional relationship between public health expenditure and maternal mortality rate in Central sub-Saharan Africa both in the short-run and the long-run while there was no evidence of causality in East and West sub-Saharan Africa. The study therefore recommends targeted healthcare spending and suggests that investments in public health, education, and economic development can effectively lower maternal mortality rates. 
Unveiling the Nexus Between Central Bank Autonomy and Free Market Dynamics: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Full text linkThe interaction between the independence of the Central Bank (CBI) and the principle of the open market plays a major role in shaping policy performance at the international level. The CBI ensures monetary stability by insulating central banks from political pressures, while open markets promote economic freedom and growth through regulatory efficiency and openness. This study aims to fill the gap in the existing literature by examining the combined effects of these factors on national policy outcomes. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) estimated by second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the study analyzes data from 143 countries including indicators for open markets such as trade freedom, investment freedom and financial freedom, as well as dimensions of CBI such as policy autonomy and legal frameworks. The results reveal that open market indicators, especially financial and investment freedom, significantly affect policy performance, often exceeding the direct effect of CBI. European countries with robust regulatory frameworks and open markets are ranked highly, highlighting the complementary nature of economic openness and institutional autonomy. Furthermore, the study finds that although central bank independence is crucial for economic stability, it does not by itself guarantee superior policy outcomes, especially in regions where economic freedoms are limited. 
Unlocking the Potential of Public Spending on Sustainable Development: The Moderating Role of Governance Quality
Full text linkThis study explores the untapped potential of public spending in promoting sustainable development, with a particular focus on the moderating role of governance quality across 45 developing countries from 2002 to 2023. By employing the System Generalized Method of Moments (S-GMM) and robustness tests using the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR), the research highlights the significant positive effect of public expenditure on sustainable development outcomes. Furthermore, the study breaks new ground by illustrating how governance quality moderates this relationship, demonstrating that stronger governance frameworks contribute to higher levels of sustainable development. However, the analysis uncovers nuanced effects: in settings at very high levels of governance quality, the marginal returns of additional public spending diminish, suggesting that resource allocation is already optimized in such environments. These findings emphasize the critical role of governance quality in unlocking the full potential of public spending for sustainable development. The study provides original insights into how policymakers can strategically optimize public investment by aligning it with institutional improvements, thereby enhancing the sustainability of development efforts. 
Value Added Tax and Economic Development: Focus on Human Capital Development
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of Value Added Tax on Economic Development and Human Capital Development from 1994 to 2022. Employing a longitudinal research design, the study utilizes data specific to Nigeria and obtained from the office of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), and the World Bank. The collected data is then analyzed using the Johansen Co-integration, Vector Error Correction Model, and Vector Autoregressive analysis technique. The research establishes a connection between Value Added Tax (VAT) and the Exchange rate, demonstrating their impact on Economic Development and Human capital development in Nigeria. The verdicts show that both VAT and Exchange Rate significantly impact both Economic Development and Human Capital Development, though negatively. However, these findings are not meant to discourage but rather to serve as a catalyst for change. The recommendations outlined in the study emphasize the importance of training, oversight, exchange rate stabilization, investment in education, and financial security in promoting Economic Development and Human Capital Development in Nigeria. Tax regulatory authorities should improve management of VAT funds to ensure they are utilized for developmental objectives. Finally, organizations such as the EFCC must remain steadfast in their commitment to preventing the misuse or diversion of VAT funds meant for Capital Expenditure and the development of the nation’s human resources, thereby safeguarding the financial security of the government and the nation as a whole
Extra-Judicial Killings: A Snapshot of Bangladesh\u27s Legal Regime
Full text linkThis study explores the alarming topic of extrajudicial killings in Bangladesh, pointing out how these crimes violate fundamental human rights and undermine democratic values in the country\u27s criminal justice system. It sheds light on the pervasive impunity and lack of accountability among law enforcement agencies by tracing the historical roots of such killings and examining the current judicial system. It investigates the violations of internationally acknowledged human rights instruments and identifies gaps in existing legislation using a qualitative examination of secondary sources. To emphasize the seriousness of the present scenario, two shocking, sensational incidents are reviewed. Upholding the principles of human rights requires that the guidelines, rules, policies, and legal mechanisms made by the UN be put into practice. By putting these recommendations into reality, Bangladesh can create a society that upholds the rule of law, protects human rights, and ends the heinous practice of extrajudicial killings
The Dynamics of Labor Income Share in an Era of Robotic Automation: A Panel Data Analysis in High-Level Automation Countries
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of robotic capital, physical capital, technological change, human capital, and trade globalization on labor income share dynamics in the era of robotic automation. Focusing on China, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and the United States – countries responsible for 79.2% of global industrial robotic installations from 2010 to 2023 – our analysis employs key variables such as labor income share, annual industrial robot installations, gross fixed capital formation, researchers in research and development, human capital index, and trade of goods and services. Estimations using Arellano-Bond, Generalized Estimating Equations, Driscoll-Kraay, and Arellano-Froot-Rogers methods reveal a consistent negative association between labor income share and robotic capital. Conversely, a positive relationship is observed with research and development. Notably, the study underscores the consistent negative impact of physical capital accumulation on labor income share across the Arellano-Bond, Driscoll-Kraay, and Arellano-Froot-Rogers methods. Furthermore, globalization, as assessed by the Arellano-Bond, Generalized Estimating Equations, and Driscoll-Kraay methods, is identified as a factor adversely affecting labor income share
Romanian Corporate Discourse Within the Context of Digital Transformation: A Multi-methodological Longitudinal Analysis
Full text linkThis research investigates how the health crisis influenced digital technology adoption in the official discourse of Bucharest Stock Exchange companies by analysing annual financial reports from 2017 to 2024, divided into pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2024) periods. The study employs a comprehensive methodology on 120 annual reports from BET index companies, using: (1) TF-IDF score calculations to quantify technology term relevance; (2) event studies assessing pandemic impact; (3) Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling; (4) longitudinal topic distribution analysis; and (5) regression modelling with dummy variables. Results confirm all five hypotheses. TF-IDF scores reveal significant technological terminology increases during 2020-2021, followed by gradual stabilization. Event study analysis demonstrates substantial pandemic-driven transformations, with teleworking and digitization terms increasing 116.09% and new telework concepts emerging. LDA modelling identified major thematic reconfiguration, shifting from blockchain and automation focus to digital infrastructure and cybersecurity dominance. Regression models confirm the pandemic\u27s catalytic effect through statistically significant post-COVID dummy variable coefficients. The findings highlight the pandemic\u27s impact on corporate digital discourse transformation among Romanian public companies. 
Unrecognized Hornets’ Nests of Basic Contract Law - Does the Law Permit a Seller to Offer the Same Item to Two or More Buyers Under Bilateral Contracts
Full text linkThe law of contracts stands as a mechanism for creating and enforcing legal rights and obligations that ensure that parties are held to their respective promises. However, if contract law permits a seller to agree to sell the same item to two or more buyers to the extent of creating two valid contracts, this may violate one of the main purposes of contract law which is to bring certainty and predictability pertaining to the duties and rights of the parties.
This article initially examined the elements of contract law to analyze if the same could give rise to two or more valid bilateral agreements purporting to sell the same item to different individuals. This was followed by proposed reforms to the existing framework to protect both sellers and buyers who may not be aware of the legal framework governing their relationships.
After assessing and evaluating whether a seller of limited stocks can contract to sell more than they own, it was identified that it is legally possible for a seller to be bound by two or more valid contracts to sell the same item. It was proposed to either interpret the expression of willingness to sell a product by a seller with limited stocks as an invitation to treat or subject the validity of concepts of offer and acceptance to the condition of availability of stocks as mechanisms to afford protection to domestic sellers who may be incautious of the surrounding legal rules