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Glimpses of the History of Diplomatic Interpreting in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary in the 1950s and 1960s
No full textThis article is part of a larger research project into the history of diplomatic interpreting in Bulgaria in the period 1944–1970, compared with the Soviet Union, the USA, Romania, and Hungary. The research was triggered by two archival photographs related to the participation of Nikita Khrushchev, Todor Zhivkov, Gheorghe Georgiou-Dej and János Kadar in the 15th session of the UN General Assembly in September-October 1960. Information was drawn from a variety of sources, including memoirs of participants in these events, media publications, and declassified documents from the archives of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Politburo of the Bulgarian Communist Party Central Committee, the State Department, and the FBI, as well as preserved photographs and documentaries in Bulgarian and foreign archives. In various contexts, high level interpretation was provided by professional interpreters (Veselin Izmirliev, Viktor Sukhodrev), diplomats (Petar Vutov, Silviu Brucan, Karoly Erdelyi) and journalists (Stela Avishai). Veselin Izmirliev’s activity as a diplomatic interpreter is not widely known. One of the aims of the text is to partly fill this gap by presenting archival documents, photographs and videos that show this aspect of his multifaceted activity in the context of the general development of diplomatic interpreting at the time
Machine Translation and Specialized Texts: A Brief Overview Comparing GOOGLE TRANSLATE, DEEPL and CHATGPT
Full text linkMachine translation (MT) is essential in an era of globalization and fast information exchange, especially for translating specialized texts like technical documentation, scientific papers, and legal documents, which are crucial for international collaboration and knowledge sharing. These texts present unique challenges due to their specific terminology, complex structures, and nuanced contexts. Effective MT tools such as Google Translate, DeepL and ChatGPT need to deal not only with language equivalence but also with content-specific complexities. Translating specialized texts, therefore, requires more than just linguistic skills; it necessitates domain-specific knowledge and an appreciation of the complex relationship between language, structure, and context (based on a personal experience of translating legal, technical and scientific texts). As MT technology progresses, driven by advances in computational linguistics and AI, it aims to produce translations that are both technically accurate and contextually nuanced, addressing the challenges posed by the complexity and variability of human language, thus improving global communication and understanding
ESL Teachers’ Attitude towards Intercultural Communicative Competence
No full textLinguistic competence in language teaching has attracted the attention of many intercultural scholars. However, in the modern globalization era where people are technologically connected, equipping the learners with linguistic competence may not be the overall solution to ensuring intercultural communicative competence (ICC). Furthermore, appropriateness and effective communication are vital in providing an effective language learning process. This study has investigated the attitude of Prizren University EFL teachers towards promoting ICC in the classrooms and the strategies they employ in promoting the ICC. The study involved 35 Prizren University EFL teachers, full-time and part-time, with a teaching experience in different cultural backgrounds and who have mastered the course descriptions. The study employed structured questionnaire with open-ended questions. The questionnaire was divided into two major parts, with the first part seeking to find the attitude of the EFL teachers towards ICC in the classroom and the second part seeking to find out the strategies the participants used to promote ICC in the classrooms
Designing for the hands in VR. Designing and assessing haptic affordances for hand tracking interaction in VR. A case study on EMPEROR (French award-winning VR project)
Full text linkIn this paper, we propose a simple but robust method to analyze hand tracking (HT) interactions, as haptic affordances, in Virtual Reality. In the logic of research creation, we have used EMPEROR, French VR artwork, as a ground for UX design research, with HT-based interaction design. EMPEROR offered an empirical field of research for haptic affordances, throughout the development. The aim of the study was to analyze if the users understood how to use their hands for two specific tasks. We proceeded to a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods and chronometry, to compare the performance of two groups of people (neophytes vs. acquainted VR users). The results show that performances are not better for skilled VR users, they depend on multiple factors such as analogy with IRL hand gestures, knowledge, and expectations inherited from video-games… This study could help game designers and researchers, both with UX and UI to enhance HT interaction design in VR
The global artificial intelligence market
Full text linkThe artificial intelligence (AI) market encompasses a huge number of industries and many other areas that will in some aspect adopt artificial intelligence into their business structures. Global market reports – size, share and trends based on technology, end-use, regions and segment forecasts are used to analyze Artificial Intelligence capabilities. The article examines the global artificial intelligence market by hardware, software and service offerings, by technology, by industry, and also the global market of generative and explainable AI. Reports of market research and analysis companies were used. AI market trends over the next decade are outlined. The more significant factors contributing to the growth of the AI industry are noted
Main aspects of renewable energy integration
Full text linkThe transition in the energy sector is essential for reducing carbon emissions and building a sustainable future. In this process, wind and solar energy play a leading role, offering environmentally friendly solutions. Their effective integration into the power system requires addressing various technical, operational, and regulatory challenges. This study examines long-term strategies for power system planning, which are crucial for maintaining the security of electricity supply. The analysis presents energy transition scenarios applied in Europe, clarifying their significance and timeline for implementation. This review provides an overview of existing studies on the technical, regulatory, and climatic aspects of renewable energy integration, highlighting key findings to support stakeholders in risk assessment and decision-making within the current decarbonization framework
Bridging Cultures Through Subtitling: A Case Study of “Southland” and Romanian Subtitles
No full textWith the rise of technology and globalisation, subtitling has become essential for accessibility and cross-cultural communication. This study explores the subtitling strategies employed by Romanian subtitlers in the crime drama series Southland, focusing on the translation of extralinguistic culture-bound references (ECRs). Using Jan Pedersen’s model of translation strategies, the research analyses approximately 5,000 subtitles from different episodes, revealing how subtitlers navigate cultural differences between American and Romanian contexts. Findings indicate a strong reliance on source-language oriented strategies such as retention and specification to preserve cultural authenticity, alongside target-language oriented strategies such as generalisation and cultural substitution to adapt references for Romanian viewers. Paraphrase has also emerged as a key method for conveying cultural nuances. This research highlights the challenges of translating culture-bound items and emphasises the role of subtitlers as cultural mediators. By providing insights into Romanian subtitling practices, the study contributes to the understanding of audiovisual translation and sets the stage for future research in this evolving field
Integration techniques in digital video production
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to present basic digital integration techniques that are applied in the television and film industry to create a final product that meets modern quality criteria. Emphasis is placed on applied methods of creating video content for various purposes, as well as on the main components of the technological equipment of a professional television studio. The scientific-applied contribution is expressed in a comparative analysis of software products for video processing (Adobe Premiere Pro and Openshot Video Editor), which is supported by step-by-step algorithms for the implementation of basic integration techniques in digital video production. The conclusions made regarding the characteristics, possibilities and advantages of the selected products are intended to support the interns in the process of their assimilation and effective use for the realization of creative projects
Models for the optimization of radio signaling capabilities in 5G systems
Full text linkOptimizing radio signaling capabilities in 5G systems involves various modeling techniques that can be systematized as follows - channel modeling, signal processing, optimization algorithms, queuing theory, machine learning, information theory, radio resource management, interference management, network topology and routing.
The purpose of writing the article is to analyze mathematically the methods for optimizing radio signaling capabilities in 5G systems and to propose different models representing the behavior of the radio channel in variable environments and conditions. To consider algorithms and mathematical models for processing and analysis of radio signals received by gNB and user devices. To discuss mathematical models for analyzing and optimizing radio system performance in terms of delay, packet loss and throughput. Research and analysis of radio signaling capabilities in 5G systems, presentation of models related to the behavior of the radio channel in different environments and conditions, analysis of algorithms and mathematical models for processing and analysis of radio signals received from 5G base stations and end user devices can be noted as contributions to the development of the article
Metaphor of the database: A taste construction
Full text linkAt the present time, we are metaphorizing in the sense of Lakoff (1998) regarding the creation of a database which can generate new tastes using artificial intelligence. On the one hand, there is a discussion about whether artificial intelligence is capable of creating new tastes, while on the other hand, there is a metaphorization based on the translation of our experiences and sensory perception. These elements are central when analyzing the metaphorization of the database for the construction of new tastes. The discussion is characterized by the problematic translation of perception between humans and its transfer to the machine. In order to analyze this phenomenon, I shall rely on Lotman’s (1999) notion of translation, as well as the notion of Hartley, Ibrus, and Ojamaa (2021) of how the translation from sensory perception to digitization occurs. It is important to note that, according to Hartley, Ibrus, and Ojamaa (2021), this translation to the digital sphere is primarily carried out through linguistic means. It is this element which allows me to connect it to Lakoff ’s (1998) notion of metaphor. The methodology developed in this article is based on the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914), since it enables me to comprehend the notion of experience. Additionally, I shall draw on concepts developed by Biggio (2020) as he focuses on the computational phenomenon, combining a linguistic and social perspective. In order to understand these phenomena, I shall present some case studies related to taste and artificial intelligence. In summary, this study aims to shed light on the metaphorical connections between artificial intelligence and the construction of new tastes