RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro
No full textOgled je postavljen u laboratorijskim uslovima radi ispitivanja uticaja tri herbicida (nikosulfurona, metribuzina i glifosata) na broj aktinomiceta u uslovima zemljišta i porast izolata aktinomiceta u in vitro uslovima. Najniža ispitivana koncentracija odgovara preporučenoj količini primene (IX), dok su ostale bile pet puta (5X), deset puta (10X) i pedeset puta (50) veće. Uzorci za analizu uzimani su 3, 7, 14, 30 i 45 dana posle primene herbicida. Primena većih koncentracija herbicida (10X and 50X) izazvala je značajnu inhibiciju broja aktinomiceta u zemljištu i porasta izolata in vitro. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je uticaj zavisio od vrste herbicida, primenjene količine, dužine delovanja i vrste izolata aktinomiceta. Istraživanje pokazuje da je primena herbicida izazvala prolazne efekte na rast i razvoj zajednice aktinomiceta u zemljištu.This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil
VKOR variant and sex are the main influencing factors on bromadiolone tolerance of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)
No full textBACKGROUNDAfter reports of management problems in practice, a survey was conducted to determine the presence of bromadiolone-resistant animals in different house mouse (Mus musculus L.) populations in Serbia. A 21 day no-choice feeding test was carried out to examine the resistance of house mice to bromadiolone. Eighty house mice collected from four locations (ten males and ten females per location) were tested for bromadiolone tolerance. Surviving animals and their F-1 offspring were screened for mutations. The influence of VKOR variant, zygosity and sex on bromadiolone tolerance was analysed. RESULTSBait intake and changes in body weight revealed different animal responses regarding susceptibility or resistance. Leu128Ser, Tyr139Cys and a new Ala21Thr polymorphism were detected in wild-born survivors and their F-1 generation. However, not every individual with the polymorphisms Leu128Ser and Tyr139Cys survived the feeding test. VKOR variants and sex caused variations in bromadiolone tolerance. CONCLUSIONFor the first time it was shown that the VKOR variant, along with sex, is responsible for bromadiolone tolerance in house mice. Other factors influencing bromadiolone tolerance, including sex-specific factors, cannot be excluded. The tolerance levels of VKOR variants should be determined in further studies in order to evaluate the effectiveness of bromadiolone in sustainable management. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industr
Population dynamics, flight activity and natural enemies of alfalfa aphids (Aphididae:Hemiptera)
No full textIstraživanja biljnih vaši lucerke i njihovih prirodnih neprijatelja obavljena su na 44 lokaliteta iz 16 okruga na teritoriji Srbije. Utvrđeno je prisustvo tri vrste biljnih vaši: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora i Therioaphis trifolii. Invazivna vrsta u Evropi - Acyrthosiphon kondoi, nije nađena na lucerki niti na drugim biljkama domaćinima. Na lucerištima u Srbiji nađeno je osam vrsta afidofagnih bubamara, šest vrsta primarnih parazitoida i tri vrste trombidoidnih grinja, od kojih je Erythraeus serbicus nova vrsta za nauku, a Allothrombium clavatum nova vrsta za faunu Srbije. Populaciona dinamika biljnih vaši i prirodnih neprijatelja istraživana je na područjima intenzivnog gajenja lucerke, na lokalitetima Ovča i Progar. Jedinke su prikupljane na svakih 10 dana tokom svih pet otkosa lucerke. Tokom trogodišnjih istraživanja populacione dinamike prikupljeno je više od 12000 jedinki vaši. Dominantna vaš na lucerki je T. trifolii, zastupljena u relativnoj brojnosti od 61%. Druga po brojnosti je A. pisum (34%), dok je A. craccivora ostvarila veoma malu relativnu (5%) i apsolutnu brojnost. Tokom 2011. godine na oba lokaliteta biljne vaši su najveću brojnost ostvarile u prvom otkosu, dok su sušne 2012. i 2013. godine najveću brojnost postigle u letnjim ili poslednjim otkosima lucerke. Tri najzastupljenije vrste afidofagnih bubamara u celokupnim istraživanjima su Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata i invazivna vrsta Harmonia axyridis, koja je na teritoriji Srbije prvi put zabeležena pre osam godina. Utvrđena je statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija (iznad 0,5) između broja vaši i broja afidofagnih bubamara, za svaku godinu pojedinačno i ukupno za sve godine istraživanja. Na osnovu dvofaktorijalne analize varijanse (ANOVA) utvrđen je statistički značajan efekat različitih lokaliteta na brojnost vaši, a na brojnost afidofagnih bubamara statistički značajan efekat imaju različite eksperimentalne godine. Najveću stopu parazitiranosti imala je vrsta A. craccivora, a najbrojniji parazitoid ove vaši je Lysiphlebus fabarum. Aphidius ervi je dominantna vrsta primarnih parazitoida A. pisum. Najmanja stopa parazitiranosti zabeležena je na T. trifolii..
Monilinia spp. on stone fruit in Serbia
No full textProizvodnju koštičavih voćaka u Srbiji ugrožava veliki broj patogena među kojima se posebno ističu vrste roda Monilinia, široko rasprostranjene u svim voćarskim regionima sveta. Tri vrste roda Monilinia, u godinama sa povoljnim uslovima za njihov razvoj, mogu u potpunosti da unište prinos. U radu su sistematizovana dosadašnja saznanja o vrstama ovog roda koje su rasprostranjene u našoj zemlji na koštičavim voćkama, njihovim morfološkim, ekološkim i epidemiološkim karakteristikama. Detaljno su opisani proces infekcije, razvoj simptoma oboljenja, kao i mogućnost suzbijanja primenom agrotehničkih, fizičkih, bioloških i hemijskih mera zaštite.Stone fruit production in Serbia is severely affected by many pathogens. Monilinia spp. cause one of the most important fungal diseases of stone fruit with a worldwide distribution in all major fruit-growing regions. Under favourable weather conditions, three species of Monilinia genus can completely devastate fruit production. Present knowledge on this causal agent widely distributed in our country, its morphological, ecological and epidemiological characteristics are systematized in the paper. Infection process, symptom development, as well as control possibilities through contemporary cultural, physical, biological and chemical control measures, are thoroughly discussed
Life history traits and population growth of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) local population from Serbia
No full textLife history traits (longevity, development time, parasitism rate and adult emergence) and population growth (instantaneous rate of increase) of six local populations of the parasitoid wasp Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924, from several regions in Serbia (without a tradition in using commercial strains of the parasitoid for biological control of greenhouse whitefly) and the Dutch strain (D) were investigated in laboratory bioassays. The populations were reared on tobacco plants infested with greenhouse whiteflies Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood. The data acquired in the present study show that females of the local E. formosa population Bujanovac (B) showed most promising results for integrated control of whitefly in Serbia, with regard to their longevity and reproductive potential; the females B had the highest values of adult longevity in host absence (20.65 days), adult longevity in host presence (12.45 days), total parasitism (199.53 pupae/female), adult emergence (171.18 adults/female) and instantaneous rate of increase (0.240-0.303 day(-1)). The life history traits of females B were significantly different from those of females in all other studied populations, except population D, for all parameters except longevity in host presence, and population Svilajnac (S), but only for adult longevity. Population S had the longest development time (15.70 days), significantly longer than all other populations (14.00-14.67 days), except population Zemun (Z) with 15.16 days. The females of local populations B, S, and the commercial population D had higher survivorship than those of the other four studied local populations. Our experiment provided initial data for further assessment of local populations of this parasitoid wasp as a biological agent to be used in control of greenhouse whiteflies in Serbia
The role of vitex agnus-castus and associated hyalesthes obsoletus in the epidemiology of bois noir in Meiterranean vineyards
No full textElucidation of 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' epidemiology through trac(k)ing transmission pathways using field, experimental and molecular data
No full textNew host data for terrestrial parasitengona of Serbia with note on Allothrombium clavatum Saboori, Pesic and Hakimitabar, 2010
No full textAllothrombium clavatum Saboori, Pešić & Hakimitabar, 2010 was described from Montenegro, based on two damaged specimens. This species was reported for the first time from Serbia on aphid Aphis craccivora. In this paper, new host and metric data are given. Further, on 7 localities, in different parts of Serbia, larvae of three trombidiid mite species on A. craccivora have been found
Kompatibilnost biopesticida i sintetisanih pesticida u kontekstu integrisanog upravljanja populacijama štetnih organizama u biljnoj proizvodnji
No full textU poslednjih pedeset godina, zastita bilja uglavnom se zasniva na
upotrebi sintetisanih pesticida, sto je znacajno uticalo na kvalitet zivotne
sredine i odrZ:ivost biljne proizvodnje. Upotrebom sintetisanih pesticida
narusavaju se i abioticke i bioticke komponente zivotne sredine, a njihovo
dospevanje i bioakumulacija u lancu ishrane ima jos uvek nedovoljno jasne
posledice. Ostaci pesticida u zemljistu, vazduhu, vodi i hrani, fitotoksicnost,
fizioloski i geneticki poremecaji, kao i promene u populacijama biljaka,
insekata, ptica, sisara i sl. samo su neke od posledica prekomerne
upotrebe pesticida. Negativni efekati pesticida na ljudsko zdravlje i zivotnu
sredinu, razvoj rezistentnosti stetnih organizama, kao i pojava sekundarnih
stetnih organizama namece potrebu za novim pristupom u zastiti bilja koji
se ne zasniva prvenstveno na primeni sintetisanih pesticida. lntegrisano
upravljanje populacijama stetnih organizama u biljnoj proizvodnji (IPM)
predstavlja racionalnu primenu bioloskih, biotehnoloskih, hemijskih i
agrotehnickih mera kojima se populacije stetnih organizama drZ:e ispod
nivoa ekonomski prihvatljive stetnosti na nacin kojim se minimalizuju
ekonomski, ekoloski i zdravstveni rizici. IPM pristup prednost uvek daje
prirodnoj regulaciji brojnosti stetnih organizama, dok je primena pesticida
svedena na minimum i preporucena tek kada se ostalim merama ne
postigne zadovoljavajuci efekat.
Smatra se da biopesticidi mogu da budu dobra alternativa
sintetisanim pesticidima, bez nezeljenih efekata na coveka i zivotnu
sredinu. Biopesticidi predstavljaju sredstva za zastitu bilja dobijena od zivih
mikroorganizama i njihovih metabolita (mikrobioloski biopesticidi),
ekstrakata biljnog iii zivotnjskog porekla, kao i od nekih mineralnih
materijala. Mikrobioloski biopesticidi su uglavnom visokospecificni za jednu
iii nekoliko vrsta ciljanih organizama, tako da je, u uslovima prakticne
primene, za integrisano upravljanje populacijama razlicitih stetnih
organizama cesto neophodna istovremena primena nekoliko razlicitih
biopesticida. Medutim, za suzbijanje mnogih stetnih organizama na trZ:istu
ne postoje razvijeni biopesticidi, pa je upotreba sintetisanih pesticida u
kombinaciji sa biopesticidima jedino raspolozivo resenje. Mogucnost istovremene iii naizmenicne primene sintetisanih pesticida i mikrobioloskih
biopesticida uslovljena je njihovom kompatibilnoscu. Obicno, podaci o
mogucnosti upotrebe biopesticida sa drugim sredstvima za zastitu bilja
nedostaju, cak i za preparate na bazi Bacillus subtilis koji su registrovani
sirom sveta za primenu u usevima i zasadima. Uobicajeno, uputstva za
upotrebu biopesticida sadl"Ze instrukciju da se mogu koristiti u kombinaciji
sa drugim sredstvima za zastitu bilja, ali i da ih ne treba mesati sa drugim
sredstvima ukoliko ne postoji prethodno iskustvo. Saveti za proveru
kompatibilnosti pre upotrebe odnose se samo na fizicku kompatibilnost
formulacija, dok je efekat mesanja na biolosku aktivnost biopesticida
potpuno zanemaren. U ovom radu bice razmatran moguci uticaj sintetisanih
fungicida i insekticida na efekte primene mikrobioloskih biopesticida.
Posebna pa:Znja bice posvecena toksicnim efektima pesticida u obliku
formulacija na B. subtilis
Evaluation of a native Bacillus subtilis strain for biological control of green mould disease in Agaricus bisporus cultivation
No full textThe main idea of this study was to identify
favorable indigenous microorganisms in
mushroom substrate, that have
antagonistic activity against Trichoderma
aggressivum f. europaeum and
Trichoderma harzianum, causal agents of
green mould, in vitro and in mushroom
growing rooms