RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Toxic and sublethal effects of buprofezin on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa
No full textwhitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), as well as its effects
on life history traits and population growth in F1 generation of a commercial strain (“Dutch” strain,
D) and two local populations from Serbia (Bujanovac, B; Negotin, N) were examined in laboratory
bioassays. The insecticide was applied to tobacco leaves settled in Petri dishes by using a Potter
spray tower. All trials were carried out at temperature of 27±1°C, relative humidity of 60±10%, and
under daylight/darkness photoperiod of 16/8 h, in four replications.
In acute toxicity bioassay, tobacco leaves carrying parasitoid pupae (20 pupae per replicate)
were treated with a series of buprofezin concentrations resulting in 10-90% mortality range, where
the mortality was calculated based on the number of emerging adults 9 days after the treatment.
The following LC50s (mg/l) estimates were obtained: 244.2, 281.5 and 199.5 (for populations of B, N
and D, respectively).
The product based on buprofezin, applied to parasitoid pupae at concentrations within the
LC50s 95 confidence limits significantly prolonged the duration of juvenile development (for 2, 1.7
and 2.2 days in populations of B, N and D, respectively, compared to the untreated control). Females
of all tested populations that emerged from treated pupae and were exposed to residual action of
the buprofezin lived shorter than control females (1.5, 0.7 and 1.7 days for B, N and D, respectively).
Furthermore, in comparison with the untreated control, females of B, N and D populations that
emerged from treated pupae manifested significantly lowered level of parasitism to the whitefly
Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (for 11.7, 17.7 and 17.6%, for B, N and D, respectively), lower
adult emergence rate (for 11.6, 17.8 and 17.8%) and significantly reduced rate of population growth
(for 8.2, 6.8 and 12.5%, respectively). Data from the present study show that the parasitic potential
(longer oviposition periods and more favourable life and reproductive parameters) of wasps from
the Serbian population B was significantly higher under treatment conditions than was that of the
commercial population of E. formosa from the Netherlands.
Given the high acute toxicity of the buprofezin product to the pupal stage of E. formosa, and
significant reductions in life and population parameters, buprofezin is not considered compatible
for simultaneous use with the parasitoid. A more precise assessment of risks involved in the use of
buprofezin-based insecticide requires a more detailed testing in greenhouse trials, with an emphasis
on population-level responses
Comparision between biofungicides based on different Bacillus spp. strains (Ch-13 and Qst 713) in green mould control
No full textGreen mould, caused by compost-inhabiting Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum Samuels &
W. Gams) is the most serious fungal disease of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus L.) worldwide as well as in Serbia. Only a few fungicides are officially recommended for mushroom cultivation
in EU: prochloraz, metraphenone and biofungicide based on Bacillus velezensis QST 713. The fungicide
prochloraz is sensitive to microbial degradation in casing soil. Furthermore, decreased efficacy
against Lecanicillium fungicola (Preus) Hasebrauk and Cladobotryum spp. was noted. Metraphenone
is registered only against dry bubble (L. fungicola) and cobweb disease (Cladobotryum spp.). The
biofungicide B. velezensis QST 713 is registered in edible mushrooms and many other crops in the
USA, Canada and some European countries, but it is not available in the Serbian market. The aim of
the study was to evaluate impact on yield and efficacy of the biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis
Ch-13 in green mould control of cultivated mushroom (T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia)
. The strain B. subtilis Ch-13 has been registered as a microbiological fertilizer, fungicide and wheat
seed disinfectant in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Moldova.
Effectiveness of the biofungicides B. subtilis Ch-13 and B. velezensis QST 713 at different application
rates and the chemical fungicide prochloraz at standard application rate was tested in the
control of mushroom green mould agent. Fungicide effectiveness in disease control was calculated
by Abbott’s formula. In addition, the effect of fungicides on mushroom productivity was evaluated
as the ratio of fresh weight of total yield and weight of dry spawned substrate.
The fungicide prochloraz showed the highest efficacy in the green mould control, as had been expected,
and B. velezensis QST 713 followed with its standard application concentration of 1.5 x 1011 CFU
per m2. However, biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 applied at concentration 3 x 108 CFU per m2
showed higher efficacy against compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum than B. velezensis QST
713 applied at lower concentrations (5 x 109 and 1 x 1010 CFU per m2). Moreover, the tested biofungicide
B. subtilis Ch-13 at concentration 108 CFU per m2 improved mushroom yield 10-12% compared to uninoculated
control and B. velezensis QST 713 applied at recommended application concentration. Better
yield promotion and suppression of the pathogen by B. subtilis Ch-13 compared to B. velezensis QST 713
at lower application rate could be due to different formulation of the products or the strain features.November 25-29, 2019, Zlatibor, Serbi
Sensitivity to fungicide metrafenone of Trichoderma spp. from edible mushrooms
No full textGreen mould of edible mushrooms, remains the most devastating disease cusing great losses in
mushroom production. In serious outbreaks, the disease is characterised by fast-growing dark green
colonies in the substrate that prevents the production of mushroom fruiting bodies. Its causal agents
belong to the soil-inhabiting genus Trichoderma (teleomorph Hyocrea, Ascomycota, Hypocreales).
Of more than 300 analysed species, several have been found to belong to the widely cultivated
beneficial micromycetes, antagonist to phytopathogenic fungi or antibiotic and enzyme producers.
A regular method of pathogen control in mushroom farms is the application of varius fungicides.
Since studies of fungicides efficacy on edible mushrooms by agrochemical companies are very rare,
only few fungicides have been officially recommended in mushroom industry. Development of
pathogen resistance and host sensitivity to fungicides is a serious problem. Prochloraz was the only
approved fungicide by EPPO, available to use in the EU mushroom industry. Latterly, decreased sensitivity
of Lecanicillium fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, causing dry bubble disease, to prochloraz was
noted in Spain. Moreover, prochloraz inefficiency in cobweb disease control (Cladobotryum spp.) was
recorded in Great Britain. Recently, a new fungicide metrafenone has been implemented in some EU
countries against dry bubble and cobweb disese.
The aim of the survey was to test sensitivity of 12 serbian Trichoderma spp. isolates in vitro from
button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Singer) and shiitake
(Lentinula edodes (Berk.)). The selected fungicide volumes were added to molten sterile potato
dextrose agar medium. Preliminary fungicide concentrations were from 0.01-1000 mg L-1. Selected
concentrations for further study ranged from 0.0024-0.3 mg L-1. Plates were inoculated with 4-day
mycellium agar disc of 6 mm and incubated at 20oC. The fungicide concentration which inhibited
mycelium growth for 50% (ED50) was defined. Four replicates per treatment were used. Data on fungicide
concentrations and relative inhibition were analysed using probit analysis. Values of ED50 were
compared through their respective 95% confidence intervals (P=0.05).
Values ED50 for Trichoderma spp. isolates from button mushroom ranged from 0.03-1.26 mg L-1,
oyster mushroom 0.09-0.21 mg L-1 and shii-take 0.16-2.91 mg L-1. Fungicide metrafenone could be
recommended for use in green mould control in edible mushrooms after further efficacy trials in vivo.November 25-29, 2019, Zlatibor, Serbi
Bio-herbicidal effects of five essential oils on germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)
No full textThe evaluation of the inhibition effect exerted by the essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) on seeds germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) weed was examined in a laboratory bioassay. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized chemically by gas chromatography coupled with both mass spectrometry and flame ionization detector. The working solutions of essential oil emulsified with Tween 20 and dissolved in distilled water were prepared at three concentration levels (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%, vol/vol). The results obtained showed that increase of essential oil concentration leads to decrease of seed germination, shoot and radical length of velvetleaf. The obtained data revealed a highly significant effect (P lt 0.05) between control and 1% and 0.1% oil concentrations in all treatments. The essential oils of basil, thyme and lemon balm exhibited more powerful bio-herbicidal effect compared to sage and goldenrod essential oils on the germination and early seedling growth of velvetleaf weed
Revision of the genus Pseudobryobia McGregor, 1950 (Acari, Tetranychidae)
No full textThe species of the tetranychid mite genus Pseudobryobia are revised mainly based on data published in the literature. Following a survey of the classification history of the genus, emphasizing the changes that occurred in the morphological characters used in its definition, we briefly discuss their relative importance for the genus delimitation. As a result, we provide amended diagnoses for the genera Pseudobryobia and Bryobia and transfer 7 species from Pseudobryobia to Bryobia. Species belonging to the genus Pseudobryobia bear two setae on coxisternal plate II, one pair of tenent hairs on all the empodia and are distributed in the Nearctic biogeographic zone. Conversely, some species previously assigned to the genus Pseudobryobia bear one seta on coxisternal plate II, two rows of tenent hairs on empodia II-IV, and are recorded in the Palearctic and Afrotropical biogeographic zones. These species are transferred to the genus Bryobia. The following nomenclature changes resulting from the revision are proposed: B. (Bryobiopsis) abbatielloi new combination, B. (B.) anacantha reinstated combination, B. (Allobia) bucharica reinstated combination, B. (B.) eurotiae reinstated combination, B. (A.) japonica reinstated combination, B. (B.) neoephedrae new combination, B. (A.) nikitensis reinstated combination. We recognise six subgenera for Bryobia, as previously considered by other authors, and also treat Nuciforaella Vacante (1983) as a junior synonym of Bryobia (Allobia) Livshits and Mitrofanov, 1971. A key to the species of Pseudobryobia is also provided
Chemical composition and in vitro herbicidal activity of five essential oils on Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense [L.] Pers.)
No full textThe evaluation of the inhibition effect achieved by essential oils of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and winter savory (Satureja montana L.) on seed germination and shoot growth of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense L.) was tested in laboratory. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents were carvon (40.5%) and limonene (32.2%) for A. graveolens essential oil, carvacrol (73.7%) for O. vulgare essential oil, α-pinene (43.5%) for J. communis essential oil, b-thujone (32.7%) and camphor (17.2%) for S. officinalis essential oil, thymol (44.6%) and p-cimene (13.4%) for S. montana essential oil. The in vitro study on herbicidal activity was carried out on seed germination and shoots length of S. halepense; A. graveolens, O. vulgare, S. montana essential oils significantly inhibited the germination and shoot length and their herbicidal activity could be attributed mainly to their high content of carvone, carvacrol and thymol. A. graveolens, O. vulgare and S. montana essential oils reduced seed germination by 61.5%, 52.7% and 47.3%, respectively, while J. communis and S. officinalis essential oils stimulated germination (7.7% and 2.2%, respectively). The shoot growth reduction for almost all essential oils, except J. communis essential oil, was more than 30%. The solution of A. graveolens, O. vulgare and S. montana essential oils exhibited more powerful bio-herbicidal effect compared to J. communis and S. officinalis essential oils on the germination and shoot growth of S. halepense.
Biodiversity of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Serbia: a review, new records and key to all known species
No full textDespite the economic importance of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), data on their biodiversity are scarce in some regions of Europe, such as Balkan Peninsula and particularly in Serbia. In this country, according to the Spider Mites Web database, only 17 spider mite species belonging to seven genera have been reported. This study provides a review of the Serbian literature dealing with spider mite species recorded in Serbia and presents results of a four-year faunistic survey in which spider mites were collected on cultivated plants and native vegetation throughout the country. In the survey, a total of 23 species were recorded, including six species new to Serbian acarofauna: Bryobia praetiosa, Eotetranychus aceri, E. fraxini, E. pruni, Panonychus citri and Tetranychus evansi. Together with previously reported data, it raises the number of known spider mite species in Serbia to 36. A total of 90 host plant species from 21 families that are favorable to spider mites were recorded in this study; there were 62 new host records for 20 spider mite species with 11 records of new plant species as hosts of spider mites. There were 63 new records for Serbia among host plant species, raising the number of Serbian hosts for tetranychid mites to 137. The spider mite species new to Serbian acarofauna were found on 17 newly recorded host plants from 11 families. A key to all known spider mites species from Serbia is provided
Uticaj etarskih ulja na ishranu jedinki domaćeg miša: II - Mamci na bazi bromadiolona i difenakuma sa dodatkom 0.75% etarskog ulja cimeta u praktičnim uslovima primene
No full textThe effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %.Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša
Vilina kosica – biologija, ekološko-genetički potencijal, širenje, štete i mogućnosti suzbijanja
No full textŠiroka geografska rasprostranjenost, kao i širok krug domaćina vilinu kosicu čini jednom od
najrasprostranjenijih i najvećih štetočina među parazitnim cvetnicama. Imajući u vidu značaj viline
kosice i štete koje može da nanese, u mnogim zemljama, takođe i kod nas, ona je svrstana u
kategoriju karantinskih biljnih parazita (A2 grupa), čije je sprečavanje širenja i suzbijanje obavezno
u celoj zemlji. Najveću pažnju treba obratiti na useve u polju. Suzbijanje viline kosice treba početi
čim se uoče početna žarišta zaraze i završiti ga pre nego što vilina kosica cveta i obrazuje seme. Na
jednoj biljci može se obrazovati i do 15000 semena koje može da sačuva vitalnost u zemljištu i preko
10 godina, što predstavlja glavni mehanizam održavanja ove parazitne cvetnice u prirodi. Prisustvo
viline kosice na antropogenim staništima (različiti tipovi useva i ruderalna staništa urbanih i ruralnih
područja) pre deset godina u Srbiji je zabeleženo na 25% ocenjenih površina, a danas su te površine
značajno uvećane.
Problemi sa vilinom kosicom se javljaju pri proizvodnji rasada povrtarskih biljaka (paradajz,
paprika, kupus), kao i plasteničkoj proizvodnji, krompiru, šargarepi, lekovitom bilju. Takođe, u poslednjih
nekoliko godina sve češće i sve veće probleme vilina kosica pravi u usevu šećerne repe. Štete
koje vilina kosica pravi u usevu šećerne repe se prvenstveno odnose na redukciju prinosa (i do 40%)
i sadržaja šećera (i do 5%). Najveće štete kod nas vilina kosica pravi kada se u velikim infestacijama
javi na tek zasnovanim višegodišnjim leguminozama (lucerištima, deteliništima), koji ujedno spadaju
u najčešće parazitirane useve od strane ove parazitne cvetnice. Smanjenje prinosa leguminoznih
useva može biti i do 80%.
Najuspešnije suzbijanje viline kosice podrazumeva sistematski pristup integrisane zaštite koji
kao takav može doprineti efikasnom suzbijanju ove parazitske cvetnice. Počev od monitoringa viline
kosice kako u usevima, tako i na ruderalnim površinama. Potom, adekvatnom rotacijom useva koja
podrazumeva gajenje biljaka koje nisu podobni domaćini vilinoj kosici, primenom svih preventivnih
i mehaničkih mera uklanjanja (prvenstveno košenjem), korišćenjem tolerantnih sorti i bioloških
agenasa (pojedine rizosferne bakterije i aktinomicete) i primenom herbicida kada se taj problem ne
može rešiti drugim putem.26-30. novembar 2018, Zlatibo
Vaš smilja, Macrosiphoniella helichrysi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) - nova vrsta u fauni Srbije
No full textPrimorsko smilje (Helichrysum italicum) je višegodišnja, lekovita i aromatična biljka koja se
koristi za proizvodnju eteričnih ulja. Poslednjih godina smilje se u Srbiji uspešno proizvodi na oko
200 ha, ali se i kao ukrasna biljka gaji u okućnicama. To je mediteranska kultura kojoj verovatno
pogoduju klimatske promene i koja se odomaćila na području centralne Srbije (Paraćin) i Vojvodine
(Deliblatska peščara). Sa primorskim smiljem u novu sredinu došla je i njena štetočina, biljna vaš
Macrosiphoniella helichrysi Remaudière 1952 (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae). Prisustvo ove vrste registrovano
je prvi put 02.06.2016. godine u Zemunu na smilju gajenom u okućnici. Utvrđene su kolonije
na vršnim delovima biljaka u kojima je bilo krilatih i beskrilnih viviparnih partenogenetskih ženki.
Posle primene insekticida vaš nije bila uočavana neko vreme. Međutim, u septembru 2018. na istim
biljkama ponovo su nađene beskrilne jedinke vrste M. helicrysi. Pretpostavlja se da je vaš uspešno
prezimela dve zime i prilagodila se na naše klimatske uslove.
Macrosiphoniella helichrysi je oligofagna vrsta na biljkama iz roda Helichrysum. To je monoecična
vrsta koja tokom godine ne menja biljku domaćina i verovatno ima anholociklično razviće pošto
njene seksualne forme u svetu do sada nisu pronađene. Vaš je sive boje sa crnim nogama i pipcima.
Telo vaši, dugo 1,4 do 2,6 mm, je pokriveno voštanim prahom koji nedostaje na sredini dorzalne
strane abdomena, usled čega se jasno vidi sjajna crna pega. Hrani se na vršnim delovima biljke, na
izbojcima i cvetnim drškama, sa kojih lako opada u slučaju protresanja grana. Rasprostranjena je u
južnoj Evropi, Turskoj a uneta je u Južnu Afriku. Ovo je prvi nalaz ove vaši u Srbiji. Njena štetnost i
biologija razvića biće predmet budućih istraživanja