RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
Not a member yet
    1022 research outputs found

    Tamnocrveni paučinar, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) – nova štetna vrsta u akarofauni Srbije

    No full text
    The dark-red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a highly polyphagous species and an important pest of economic plants belonging to the families Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae, and growing in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Western Palaearctic, its distribution reports have recently come mostly from the Mediterranean Basin, i.e. Portugal, Spain, Italy and Israel. In a survey conducted in Serbia 2019-2021 (comprising 159 sampling locations), T. ludeni was found at 89 locations on 27 plant species of the families Rosaceae (8), Solanaceae (6), Cucurbitaceae (4), Fabaceae (2), Amaranthaceae (2), Asteraceae (2), Apiaceae (1), Convolvulaceae (1) and Poaceae (1). The dark-red spider mite was found in mixed populations with other spider mites (mostly Tetranychus urticae and T. turkestani) in around half of the sampling locations. Heavy infestation and visible symptoms of injury were observed in several locations. Three Rosaceae plant species, plum (Prunus domestica), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and crab apple (Malus sylvestris) were its new hosts. Serbian records of T. ludeni from locations situated at latitudes between 42°N and 46°N were the northernmost distribution records of this species in the Western Palaearctic.Tamnocrveni paučinar, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), je izrazito polifagna vrsta i značajna štetočina privredno važnih biljaka iz familija Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae i Solanaceae koja nastanjuje tropske i suptropske oblasti. U zapadnopalearktičkom regionu, izveštaji o rasprostranjenosti ove vrste većinom dolaze iz mediteranskog bazena, odnosno iz Portugalije, Španije, Italije i Izraela. U istraživanju sprovedenom u Srbiji od 2019. do 2021. godine (na ukupno 159 lokacija), T. ludeni je nađena na 89 lokacija i 27 biljnih vrsta iz familija Rosaceae (8), Solanaceae (6), Cucurbitaceae (4), Fabaceae (2), Amaranthaceae (2), Asteraceae (2), Apiaceae (1), Convolvulaceae (1) and Poaceae (1). Na oko polovini lokacija uzorkovanja, tamnocrveni paučinar je nađen u mešanim populacijama sa drugim grinjama paučinarima (uglavnom Tetranychus urticae i T. turkestani). Tri biljne vrste iz familije Rosaceae: šljiva (Prunus domestica), trnjina (Prunus spinosa) i divlja jabuka (Malus sylvestris), predstavljaju nove domaćine. Registrovane lokacije T. ludeni na geografskim širinama od 42°N do 46°N najsevernije su tačke na kojima je ova vrsta nađena u zapadnopalearktičkoj zoni

    Development of plant pathogenic bacteria and phytoplasmas research in Serbia

    No full text
    Прва проучавања фитопатогених бактерија (ФПБ) у Србији започео је академик Живојин Тешић на Пољопривредно-шумарском фа- култету у Земуну давне 1934. године. Од тог времена до данас истраживања и сазнања која их прате значајно су напредовала на пољу овог дела фито- патологије. Увођењем фитобактериологије у наставу на пољопривредним факултетима у Новом Саду и Београду, захваљујући ентузијазму и научној далековидости професора Момчила Арсенијевића и Милана Панића, ова област истраживања добила је на интензитету и значају. Последњих деце- нија развој фитобактериологије текао је динамично и убрзано, захваљујући посвећености истраживача, научној сарадњи, студијским боравцима у међународним образовним и научним институцијама, новим методама из- учавања и олакшаном приступу информацијама. Најчешће су проучаване ФПБ, а касније и фитоплазме, пореклом из економски значајних биљних врста воћака, винове лозе, повртарских, ратарских и украсних биљака. Захваљујући интересовању и ентузијазму невеликог броја истраживача, усвајане су нове и најсавременије методе истраживања ових организама, које су омогућиле проучавање патогена све до молекуларног нивоа. Фи- тобактериолошка истраживања су међу првима увела у примену молеку- ларне методе у домаћој фитопатологији. Примена PCR методе омогућила је развој нове епохе истраживања прокариота у Србији и употребу техника као што су секвенцирање генома, анализа специфичних или конститутив- них гена, квантитативни или Real-time PCR, a то су методе које се данас рутински користе у истраживањима прокариота у Србији. У новијем пе- риоду започета су и прва истраживања из области детекције, идентифи- кације и карактеризације фитоплазми у Србији, пратећи или предводећи светска сазнања у овој области. Примена савремених метода истраживања омогућила је изучавање генетске структуре популација фитопатогених прокариота, детекцију нових врста у нашој земљи, стварање маркера за прецизнију идентификацију или проширивање знања из области епиде- миологије фитопатогених прокариота. Такође, стечена сазнања примењују се у развоју иновативних могућности заштите од бактериоза биолошким и конвенционалним методама. Остварени резултати и стечено знање непре- кидно се преносе генерацијама које долазе, кроз учешће фитобактериолога у наставном процесу и кроз менторски рад у високошколским и научним установама, стварајући тако основ за даљи развој и напредак фитобакте- риологије у Србији.First studies of phytopathogenic bacteria (PPB) in Serbia were initiated by academician Živojin Tešić at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry in Zemun back in 1934. Since then, research and knowledge that follow have significantly advanced in this field of phytopathology. With the introduction of phytobacteriology in teaching process at the Faculties of Agriculture in Novi Sad and in Belgrade, thanks to the enthusiasm and scientific foresight of professors Momčilo Arsenijević and Milan Panić, this area of research gained in intensity and importance. In recent decades, development of phytobacteriology has been dynamic and expedited, due to commitment of researchers, scientific cooperation, study visits to international educational and scientific institutions, new methods of research and easier access to information. PPB, and later phytoplasmas, originating from economically important plant species of fruit trees, vines, vegetable, field and ornamental plants, have been most often studied. As a result of the interest and enthusiasm of a small number of researchers, new and state-of-the-art research methods have been adopted, which enabled studying of pathogens at the molecular level. Phytobacteriological research was among the first to introduce the application of the molecular method in domestic phytopathology. The application of the PCR method enabled the development of a new era of prokaryotic research in Serbia and the use of techniques such as genome sequencing, analysis of specific or constitutive genes, quantitative or Real-time PCR have been routinely used today in prokaryotic research in Serbia. In recent times, first research in the field of detection, identification and characterization of phytoplasmas in Serbia has begun, following or leading the world knowledge in this field. The use of modern research methods has enabled the study of the genetic structure of populations of phytopathogenic prokaryotes, detection of new species in our country, creation of markers for more precise identification or expansion of knowledge in the field of epidemiology of phytopathogenic prokaryotes. Acquired knowledge is applied in the study of innovative possibilities of protection against bacteriosis by employing biological and conventional methods. Achieved results and acquired knowledge are continuously passed on to future generations, through the participation of phytobacteriologists in the teaching process and through the mentoring in higher education and scientific institutions, thus creating a basis for further development and progress of phytobacteriology in Serbia

    Bioherbicidal evaluation of Sorghum halepense (L.) rhizome extract and its bioactive components against selected weed species

    No full text
    Nowadays, one of the priorities in agricultural production is the usage of natural bioherbicides for weed control, instead of commercial herbicides which have a strong negative effect on human health and the environment. Due to its widespread distribution and the economic losses it causes to the global economy, Sorghum halepense has been described as one of the world’s most invasive plant and a dangerous weed. We here examined the possibility to exploit the phytotoxic and bioherbicide potential of this species against other weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium murale and Datura stramonium. The rhizome extracts of S. halepense (concentration of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, and 5 mg/ml) notably reduce the final seed germination of C. murale and D. stramonium, especially at the highest investigated concentration, while A. retroflexus seed germination was not affected. Early seedling growth of A. retroflexus was stimulated by the rhizome extract, while in C. murale and D. stramonium the values of growth parameters were reduced. As revealed by UHPLC/ DAD/qqqMS2 metabolic profiling of polyphenolics, major bioactive compounds in S. halepense rhizom extract were phenolic acids: p-hydroxybensoic acid (pHB A), chlorogenic acid (CHL A), and p-coumaric acid (pCUM A). Analysis of bioherbicide potential of these compounds, applied in a series of concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/ml), revealed that pHB A, CHL A, and pCUM A, are the main responsible for the overall effects of S. halepense rhizom on selected weeds. These results highlight Sorghum halepense (L.) rhizomes, and their main constituents, as potent bioherbicides

    Biljne vaši (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na lucerki u Srbiji - sezonska dinamika i štetnost

    No full text
    Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume and one of the most widely grown crops in Serbia. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the most significant groups of pests of that crop. Three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii, are considered as important pests of alfalfa in Serbia. The most abundant of them, T. trifolii, is more adapted to warmer temperatures and it is the predominant aphid species during summer months, while A. pisum is prevalent during the spring period. In warmer climates, an increasing abundance of T. trifolii and decreasing populations of A. pisum have been observed in alfalfa in Serbia. On the other hand, A. craccivora is a minor pest of alfalfa, which rarely occurs in high numbers. The present paper synthesizes the existing knowledge about these three aphid pests of alfalfa, including their morphology, biology, seasonal dynamics, pest status and effects of temperature on their development.Lucerka je najvažnija krmna leguminoza i jedan od najčešće gajenih useva u Srbiji. Biljne vaši (Hemiptera: Aphididae) su jedne od ekonomski najznačajnijih štetočina ove gajene biljke. Tri vrste biljnih vaši: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora i Therioaphis trifolii se razvijaju i nanose štete na usveima lucerke u Srbiji. Najbrojnija vrsta T. trifolii, prilagođena višim temperaturama, je dominantna tokom letnjih meseci, dok je A. pisum, vrsta prilagođena nižim temperaturama, dominantna tokom proleća. Takođe, u Srbiji je, usled povećanja temperatura, registrovan porast brojnosti vrste T. trifolii i smanjenje brojnosti A. pisum. Aphis craccivora je ekonomski manje značajna vaš na lucerki koja se retko javlja u većoj brojnosti. Ovaj rad objedinjuje postojeće podatke o tri vrste biljnih vaši koje su štetne na lucerki, uključujući njihovu morfologiju, biologiju, sezonsku dinamiku, štetnost, kao i uticaj temperature vazduha na njihov razvoj

    Kompatibilnost insekticida i parazitoida Encarsia formosa: rezultati i mogućnosti primene

    No full text
    Suzbijanje bele leptiraste vaši, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) primenom endoparazitoida Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae; Coccophaginae), raširena je praksa širom sveta u zaštićenim sistemima gajenja povrća i ukrasnih biljaka, i jedan od najuspešnijih primera biološkog suzbijanja uopšte. Kod biološkog suzbijanja štetočine pomoću E. formosa postoje i izvesna ograničenja (ekološki uslovi nepovoljni za parazitoida, uticaj vrste i sorte biljke domaćina, suviše velika gustina populacije štetočine), usled kojih je neophodna primena i drugih mera, kao što su hemijske mere suzbijanja. Stoga, zajednička primena bioloških i hemijskih mera suzbijanja, u okviru integralnog koncepta zaštite biljaka, zahteva što preciznije kvantifikovanje efekata pesticida na korisne organizme. Pored tradicionalnih metoda kvantifikacije (laboratorijski testovi akutne i hronične toksičnosti), kompatibilnosti pesticida i bioloških kontrolnih agenasa se poslednjih decenija uglavnom procenjuje na osnovu „totalnog efekta“ (objedinjeni letalni i subletalni efekti), koji je Međunarodna organizacija za biološku kontrolu (IOBC) prihvatila kao osnovu za kategorizaciju štetnosti pesticida za predatore i parazitoide. Analiza ograničenja konvencionalnog biotesta ukazala je na potrebu da se efekti pesticida ocenjuju na nivou populacije, a ne na nivou jedinke, pa je kao potencijalno najpogodniji način za procenu ukupnih efekata pesticida predložen populaciono-toksikološki pristup. Pregled literature pokazuje, međutim, da je objavljen veoma mali broj radova u kojima je populaciono-toksikološki pristup primenjen za evaluaciju efekata pesticida na E. formosa. Efekti pesticida na komercijalnu rasu ovog parazitoida najčešće su proučavani u skladu sa IOBC kriterijumima štetnosti, prema kojima bi vrednosti ukupnih efekata pesticida trebalo klasifikovati u skladu sa rezultatima laboratorijskih, polu-poljskih i poljskih ogleda, u okviru fazne šeme ispitivanja. Prema rezultatima istraživanja izvedenim po IOBC kriterijumima, bezbedni preparati za zajedničku upotrebu sa parazitoidom identifikovani su među regulatorima rasta insekata i mikrobiološkim bionsekticidima (različitih mehanizama delovanja), dok se štetni uglavnom nalaze među neurotoksičnim jedinjenjima iz grupe organofosfata, karbamata, piretroida i neonikotineoida. Najveći nedostatak ovih istraživanja je što je ispitivanje kompatibilnosti, za veliku većinu ispitivanih insekticida, obuhvatilo samo laboratorijske testove, odnosno nije izvedeno do kraja IOBC fazne šeme ispitivanja. Predviđanje sveukupnih efekata pesticida po biološke kontrolne agense, kroz laboratorijsku evaluaciju letalnih i subletalnih efekata (sa posebnim osvrtom na ocenu efekata u kontekstu populacione biologije vrste), potvrđeno i u poljskim uslovima, najsigurniji je put u razvoju efikasnih i održivih integralnih programa suzbijanja štetočina.Zlatibor, 28. novembar - 1. decembar 2022. godin

    Ispitivanje selektivne toksičnosti fungicida prohloraza i metrafenona na prouzrokovače zelene plesni (Trichoderma spp.) i domaćina šiitake

    No full text
    Zaštita jestivih gljiva od bolesti uključuje niz preventivnih mera u gajilištu: striktnu higijenu, tretmane dezinficijensima i primenu fungicida. Samo par fungicida se zvanično preporučuje za upotrebu u jestivim pečurkama u svetu, a među njima je najefikasniji fungicid prohloraz. Nedavno je uveden fungicid metrafenon za suzbijanje prouzrokovača suve (Lecanicillium spp.) i paučinaste truleži (Cladobotryum spp.) u nekim zemljama EU. Prouzrokovači zelene plesni (Trichoderma spp.) mogu izazvati velike gubitke u prinosu i kvalitetu šiitake, čije je suzbijanje oteženo zbog malog broja dostupnih preparata i efikasnih mera. Zbog toga se sve veći broj istraživanja usmerava ka pronalasku adekvatnih mera primene novih fungicida ili biofungicida. Jedan od glavnih problema u zaštiti pečuraka predstavlja i to što patogen i domaćin pripadaju istom carstvu Gljiva, pa je veoma značajno pronaći odgovarajući preparat koji će biti toksičan za patogena, ali ne i za domaćina. Osetljivost izolata Trichoderma spp. izolovanih sa šiitake na fungicide prohloraz i metrafenon ispitivana je probit analizom primenom makrodilucione metode. Ispitivani izolati su na osnovu EC50 vrednosti grupisani u tri grupe: visoko osetljivi, umereno osetljivi i rezistentni (Gea et al. 1996; Grogan et al., 2000), dok su na osnovu vrednosti faktora rezistentnosti (RF) grupisani u četiri: umereno osetljive, umereno rezistentne, rezistentne i visoko rezistentne (Gout, 1994). Selektivna toksičnost antifungalnih jedinjenja prikazana je kroz indeks selektivnosti, koji se izračunava kao odnos EC50 vrednosti za patogenu gljivu (Trichoderma spp.) i odgovarajuće vrednosti za domaćina (jestivu gljivu). Niža vrednost indeksa selektivnosti ukazuje na bolju selektivnu toksičnost fungicida. Tri izolata poreklom iz gajilišta šiitake u Srbiji (T57, T58, T59), identifikovani kao Trichoderma harzianum species complex (THSC), pokazali su se kao visoko osetljivi na oba testirana fungicida. Vrednosti EC50 fungicida metrafenona su bile od 0,16 do 2,91 μg mL-1, dok su EC50 vrednosti fungicida prohloraza bile od 0,03 do 0,07 μg mL-1. Vrednosti RF su bile od 1 do 18,19 za fungicid metrafenon i od 1 do 2,33 za fungicid prohloraz. Najmanju osetljivost je pokazao izolat T57 sa RF 18,19 za metrafenon i 2,33 za proholoraz. Indeks selektivnosti za fungicid prohloraz iznosio je 0,02 dok je za metrafenon iznosio 0,21 što ukazuje na veću toksičnost metrafenona od prohloraza. Fungicid prohloraz, koji je jedini preporučen od strane EU za zaštitu jestivih gljiva od zelene plseni, ispoljio je veću toksičnost za testirane izolate, dok je toksičnost metrafenona takođe bila zadovoljavajuća i može se preporučiti u zaštiti jestivih gljiva od prouzrokovača ove bolesti. Imajući u vidu da je prohloraz povučen iz upotrebe u Srbiji, metrafenon može postati adekvatna zamena u zašiti pečuraka od prouzrokovača bolesti.Zlatibor, 28. novembar - 1. decembar 2022. godin

    Pathogenic potential of Waitea circinata var. zeae

    No full text
    Waitea circinata Warcup & P.H.B. Talbot (multinuclear Rhizoctonia spp.) is a widespread, soil-borne plant pathogen causing root rot mainly of monocotyledonous plants. Among five described varieties, the most common and widespread is W. circinata var. zeae Toda, Mushika, T. Hayak., Tanaka, Tani & Hyakum. Besides monocotyledonous hosts, a natural infection of a limited number of dicotyledonous plants, including soybeans, beans, peas, sugar beets and carrots were recorded recently. During 2017, cabbage and oilseed rape plants showing symptoms of root and root neck rot, sampled at the localities of Futog and Rimski Šančevi (Serbia), were proved to be infected with W. circinata var. zeae. This was the first record of natural infection of plants from Brassicaceae family worldwide. Two selected isolates from cabbage (299-17) and oilseed rape (300-17) formed fast-growing orange colonies with red sclerotia and multinucleate hyphae with a characteristic branching pattern. The identification was further confirmed by BLAST analysis of sequences of ITS rDNA, RPB2, LSU and β-tubulin genomic regions. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled after inoculation of cabbage and oilseed rape seedlings, while an experimental host range was determined by inoculations of 14 different plant species from 8 families. W. circinata var. zeae caused mild to medium root necrosis on the majority of inoculated seedlings 7 days post inoculation. Seedlings of sunflower, carrot and tomato developed severe root necrosis followed by whole-seedling decay. Our results proved that host range of W. circinata var. zeae could be much wider than so far known which, coupled with its soil-borne nature, reveals a significant pathogenic potential of W. circinata var. zeae towards many important crops

    Inhibitory effect of an emulsion of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on Amaranthus retroflexus seed germination

    No full text
    The widespread use of pesticides and their adverse effects (through soil pollution, pest resistance, etc.) have created a need for turning to natural resources in search for new/old methods of pest control. Essential oils belong to a group of volatile secondary metabolites of plants which affect the growth and development of surrounding plants by spreading around in gaseous state. The effect of an essential oil emulsion of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic et Milojevic on seed germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was tested in this experiment. Dynamic and total germination of seeds were evaluated after five concentrations of the essential oil emulsion (ranging 0.006-0.1 %) were applied. Before treatment, seeds were stratified for two and a half weeks at 3±2 °C. The experiment was carried out in Petri dishes under constant temperature of 30±1 °C. Seeds were germinated in the dark over the initial 24 h and then illuminated during 1 O min counting sessions at intervals of 1-3 days. Germination of A. retroflexus seeds was inhibited after all tested treatments. The final percentage of germinated seeds treated with the lowest concentration (0.006%) of N. rtanjensis essential oil did not deviate significantly from data in the control groups but inhibition through germination dynamic was noted. Seeds did not germinate at all after receiving the highest concentration (0.1 %) of the essential oil

    Biosecurity and health care on commercial pig farms

    No full text
    Na komercijalnim farmama svinja, zdravstvena zaštita pojedinačnih životinja sve više gubi na značaju. U današnjim uslovima, kada je prisutna velika koncentracija životnja na relativno malom prostoru, takvo stanje zahteva zdravstvenu zaštitu na nivou cele farme. Poznata je važnost biosigurnosnih mera u svinjarstvu, koje imaju za cilj da spreče unošenje patogena na farmu i širenje infekcije unutar same farme. Naime, prisutnost različitih uzgojnih bolesti, bakterijske ili virusne etiologije, dovodi do pada proizvodnih rezultata i zahteva dodatni napor zaposlenih na farmi, uz povećan utrošak lekova, što posledično umanjuje ekonomsku dobit farme. Prihvaćeno je da ključni element, u sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, predstavlja spremnost zaposlenih na farmi da sprovode mere koje će sa visokom sigurnošću obezbediti zaštitu od unošenja i širenja patogena na farmi. Sprovođenje ovih mera zahteva poznavanje zdravstvenog statusa svinja. Jedan od najčešćih faktora rizika je kupovina nerastova, nazimica ili odlučene prasadi nepoznatog zdravstvenog statusa. Stabilizovanje zdravstvenog statusa svinja, pored već pomenutih mera, doprinose i programi vakcinacije. Promocija dobrog zdravlja svinja na komercijalnim farmama obuhvata primenu sistema profilatičkih mera, pored dobrog odabira rase, osmišljenosti veličine zapata i načina primene biotehnoloških mera u procesu proizvodnje

    Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia

    No full text
    The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15-2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 mu g/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 mu g/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 mu g/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards

    0

    full texts

    1,022

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    RIPEST - Repository of the Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇