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Prevalence of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’-Related Strain Designated as New 16SrXII-P Subgroup over ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ in Sugar Beet in Eastern Germany
No full textTwo phloem-limited pathogens, ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’
and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, threaten sugar
beet production in France, Switzerland, and Germany. Previous
studies of these pathogens in Germany had focused on its western and
southern regions, leaving a knowledge gap about eastern Germany.
Despite their importance, this study is the first to investigate phytoplasmas
in sugar beet in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. A phytoplasma
strain related to ‘Ca. P. solani’ is found predominant in Saxony-
Anhalt, unlike in France, where ‘Ca. P. solani’ has a minor role
compared with ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’. The phytoplasma strain
infecting sugar beet in Saxony-Anhalt was classified into a new subgroup
designated as 16SrXII-P. The multilocus sequence analysis
(MLSA) of nonribosomal genes of the novel phytoplasma strain
showed that it is significantly different from the reference and all
previously reported ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains including the strain from
western Germany. Analyses of sugar beet samples from previous years
confirmed the presence of the 16SrXII-P strain in sugar beet as early as
2020 and also in Bavaria in southern Germany. Based on 16S rDNA
analysis, ‘Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ in Saxony-Anhalt is identical to
strains in sugar beet in other parts of Germany and France, as well as to
a strain in potato from Germany. The presence and prevalence of two
phytoplasmas in sugar beet in Germany suggest that more attention
should be directed toward understanding phytoplasma infection in
sugar beet in this country
Current status of the spread of Aleurocanthus spiniferus and its natural enemies in Sicilian citrus groves
No full textIn 2020, the thorny citrus fly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) was recovered
for the first time in Sicily, in the urban areas of Catania, Syracuse, Palermo, and later in the citrus groves of
Caltagirone and Grammichele (Province of Catania). After being reported in Puglia in 2008, the species has
spread to many Italian regions and other Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Montenegro, Greece and
Albania). Its presence has been reported on wild and ornamental plants, and infestation in Sicilian citrus
groves has been reported for the first time. The species is included in the list of quarantine pests EPPO A2
and therefore the Italian phytosanitary services are applying phytosanitary containment measures to
mitigate its further spread.
In 2021, a monitoring activity was initiated to follow the infestation trend and diffusion to study the biology
of A. spiniferus and to verify the presence of natural enemies of the whitefly. Monitoring took place every
two weeks through direct observation and sampling of the plants and with the use of yellow chromotropic
traps.
Results on the monitoring of A. spiniferus and the presence of its natural enemies are reported; the role of
some predators as potential biocontrol agents of citrus spiny whitefly in Italian citrus groves is also discussed
Uticaj dodavanja neem cake-a pokrivci za gajenje šampinjona na suzbijanje Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels & W. Gams i Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) i prinos šampinjona
No full textThe study was focused on improvement of the integrated management strategy against
green mould disease agent Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels & Gams and mushroom fly Lycoriella
ingenua (Dufour) as pests of the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. The
impact of neem cake amendment in casing soil on regulation of the abundance of mushroom
sciarid fly adults, efficacy in controlling the green mould disease agent, and mushroom yield
was evaluated. Casing soil was supplemented with different concentrations of neem cake: 1,
2.5, 5, 10 and 15%. Neem cake added as a supplement to casing soil at a rate of 2.5% reduced
the number of mushroom fly adults by 83.93% and green mould disease incidence by 59.6%
in comparison to the control. No adverse effect on mushroom formation, yield and quality of
fruiting bodies was observed at that concentration. Amendment of 2.5% neem cake in the
casing soil could be recommended for application in mushroom production to control L.
ingenua and symptoms of green mould disease without negative impact on mushroom yield.Cilj rada je unapređenje integralne zaštite šampinjona Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach
od prouzrokovača bolesti zelene plesni Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels & W. Gams i
šampinjonske mušice Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour). Ispitivan je uticaj neem cake-a dodatog
pokrivci u smanjenju broja odraslih jedinki šampinjonske mušice, pojave simptoma zelene
plesni i uticaj na prinos šampinjona. Pokrivka za gajenje šampinjona je obogaćena različitim
koncentracijama neem cake-a: 1; 2,5; 5; 10 i 15%. Dodavanje neem cake-a pokrivci u udelu od
2,5% smanjilo je broj šampinjonskih mušica 83,93% i pojavu simptoma bolesti zelene plesni
59,6% u poređenju sa kontrolom. Nisu uočeni nepovoljni uticaji na obrazovanje, prinos i
kvalitet plodnosnih tela šampinjona pri primeni navedene koncentracije. Dodatak 2,5%
neem cake-a pokrivci se može preporučiti za primenu u proizvodnji šampinjona za suzbijanje
šampinjonske mušice i simptoma bolesti zelene plesni, bez negativnog uticaja na prinos
Sequencing batch reactor systems for the treatment of wastewater
No full textReleasing untreated or inadequately treated effluents into recipients (rivers, lakes, and oceans) can endanger aquatic
ecosystems and drinking water sources. In order to eliminate harmful pollutants, wastewater must be treated, especially
industrial wastewater enriched with nutrients. Phosphorus contamination can occur through a variety of different routes,
such as wastewater treatment plant discharge (municipal and industrial), agricultural fertilizer losses from erosion,
drainage, etc. The establishment of suitable wastewater treatment techniques is essential. The subject of this paper is the
biological removal of nutrients (phosphorus) from wastewater, using unconventional methods of wastewater treatment -
sequencing batch reactors (SBR) systems. Their modifications and the advantages such processes offer, compared to the
standard activated sludge (AS) treatment that is the most often used, will be presented. Enhanced biological phosphorus
removal methods that employ various microorganisms have been observed from the perspective of the method's
effectiveness. Of all applied treatments for phosphorus removal, the most effective and the most often used was the
accumulation of polyphosphates in the biomass itself. The purpose of this paper is to offer a brief review and theoretical
essentials of environmental engineering techniques that can be applied in real industrial wastewater treatment plants.Trebinje, BiH, 7-10th June 202
Moravska lepotica – a new pepper variety of the Institute for vegetable crops Smederevska Palanka
No full textPaprika (Capsicum annuum L.) je jedna od najvažnijih povrtarskih vrsta kako zbog površina
na kojima se gaji, tako i zbog raznovrsne upotrebe od svežeg stanja do različitih proizvoda u industrijskoj
preradi. Zbog sve veće potražnje kvalitetnih plodova paprike za industrijsku preradu
postavili smo sebi za cilj stvaranje nove sorte paprike sa visokim prinosom i sadržajem suve materije.
Nakon višegodišnjeg procesa selekcije, pedigree metodom selekcije stvorena je Moravska
lepotica, sa visokim sadržajem suve materije i boje, veoma krupnih i atraktivnih plodova. Ona je
priznata Rešenjem Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije pod br.
320-04-3330/2/2021-11 од 22.12.2022.Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable species both because
of the areas in which it is grown and because of its diverse uses from fresh to various products in
industrial processing. Due to the increasing demand for high-quality pepper fruits for industrial
processing, we have set ourselves the goal of creating a new variety of peppers with a high yield
and dry matter content. After a multi-year selection process, the Moravska lepotica was created
using the pedigree method of selection with a high content of dry matter and color, very large
and attractive fruits. It is recognized by the Decision of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Water Management of the Republic of Serbia, No 320-04-3330/2/2021-11 dated 22.12.2022
Phytochemical investigation of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. stem extract and evaluation of its bioherbicidal effect on Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L
No full textThis study focused on characterizing chemically and evaluating in vitro allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of secondary metabolites extracted from the stem of Cuscuta campestris in
seed germination, early seedling growth and early plant growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. The combined effects of stem extract and a reduced dose of herbicide
metribuzin were also examined. Plant extract contained 17 phenolic compounds and the most abundant phenols were flavonoids: quercetin, (+)-catechin, daidzin, luteolin, and rutin. The seeds of P. oleracea were less sensitive than the seeds of A. retroflexus. The seed bioassay confirmed the inhibitory effect of stem extract on germination and early growth of both weed seedlings at concentrations of 0.75 % and 1 %, and a minor inhibitory effect in the plant bioassay. On the other hand, a synergy of C. campestris stem extract and metribuzin was revealed, as their combination achieved better results in the control of both weed species. Based on obtained data C. campestris stem extract could be a potential source of natural-based weed control molecules
Bionomija Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), nove vrste u fauni Srbije
No full textCitricola scale, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was for the first time registered in Serbia in 2015 in the area of Belgrade on Celtis occidentalis L. C. pseudomagnoliarum develops one generation annually and overwinters as the second-instar nymph on host twigs. It forms numerous colonies on infested plants, and symptoms of its feeding appear in the form of drying leaves and twigs. In addition, large amounts of honeydew that this scale secretes reduce photosynthesis and transpiration in plants, which accelerates their decay. Citricola scale attracts many entomophagous insects which are able to reduce pest population. The parasitoid wasps Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus piceae Erdos, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman), Coccophagus shillongensis (Hayat and Singh) (Aphelinidae),
Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson and Metaphycus stanleyi Compere (Encyrtidae) were reared.
C. piceae and M. stanleyi are new species in the fauna of Serbia. C. pseudomagnoliarum is a
new host for the species M. stanleyi. The predators Coccinella septempunctata L., Exochomus
quadripustulatus (L.) (Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae) were
found in scale colonies. The most efficient natural enemy of C. pseudomagnoliarum nymphs
was C. lycimnia, reducing scale populations by 11-26%.Tokom 2015. godine, u Srbiji je prvi put registrovana štitasta vaš citrusa, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), na Celtis occidentalis L. u Beogradu. C. pseudomagnoliarum tokom godine razvija jednu generaciju i prezimljava u stadijumu larve drugog stupnja na grančicama domaćina. Na infestiranim biljkama obrazuje brojne kolonije, usled čije ishrane se javljaju simptomi u vidu sušenja listova i grančica. Osim toga, velika količina medene rose koju ova vaš luči, smanjuje fotosintezu i transpiraciju biljaka što ubrzava njihovo propadanje. Štitasta vaš citrusa privlači brojne entomofagne insekte koji mogu redukovati brojnost njenih populacija. Odgajene su parazitoidne osice Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus piceae Erdos, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalman), Coccophagus shillongensis (Hayat and Singh) (Aphelinidae), Cheiloneurus claviger Thomson i Metaphycus stanleyi Compere (Encyrtidae). C. piceae i M. stanleyi su nove vrste u fauni Srbije. C. pseudomagnoliarum je novi domaćin za vrstu M. stanleyi. Od predatora, utvrđene su vrste Coccinella septempunctata L., Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coccinellidae) i Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae). Najefikasniji prirodni neprijatelj larvi C. pseudomagnoliarum, bila je C. lycimnia, redukujući
brojnost populacija za 11-26%
Recent reports of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Serbia
No full textIn a 11-year faunistic and taxonomic survey (2013 – 2023) carried out in Serbia, spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) have been collected from cultivated plants and native vegetation in more than a thousand sampling locations throughout the country. In the survey, a total of 16 tetranychid species new to Serbian acarofauna have been recorded, raising the number of known species in the country to 46. Five newly recorded species (Eotetranychus aceri, E. fagi, E. fraxini, Oligonychus bicolor and Tetranychus canadensis) were found for the first time in the Balkans and two (Eotetranychus willamettei and Oligonychus perditus) in Europe. Among 10 new species, considered to be pests of economic plants, large populations and visible symptoms of damage have been observed on the host plants infested by Eutetranychus orientalis, Panonychus citri, Tetranychuss ludeni and T. evansi. The records of these species are outside their typical biogeographic area, and can be explained by climate changes as well as international trade of plant materials
Biological control of green mould disease and mushroom fly using biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and botanical insecticide azadirachtin (Technical solution)
No full textThe result of the study was accepted technical solution of disease/pest control of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) based on biological pesticides (Biogenesis d.o.o., Serbia):
microbial biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 (Ekstrasol 1×108 CFU/cm3) and botanical
bioinsecticide azadirachtin (Ozoneem trishul 1 %). Effectiveness of bio/pesticides in disease/pest control and their impact on mushroom yield were evaluated in large and small-scale experiments. Efficacy of biofungicide in control of Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels and W. Gams (green mould disease) was evaluated in comparison with chemical fungicide prochloraz (2×1.5 mL). Biofungicide was applied in different procedures, in two (2×30 mL/m2), three (30 + 2×15 mL/m2), or six split doses (6×10 ml/m2). The recomended application programs in pathogen control was achieved when applied three (53.57-58.43%) or six times (63.05%). Biofungicide significantly improved yield in all different procedures, compared to untreated control in both small-scale and large-scale experiements (5.07-12.12%). Furthermore, the impact of the bioinsecticide azadirachtin (4 × 0.5 ml/m2) on the density of mushroom fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Sciaridae: Diptera) was compared to the effects of the chemical insecticide malathion (2×0.3 ml/m2). The average number of flies on yellow sticky traps per each mushroom row was significantly lower in the experimental chamber comparing to two controls. The results of our study suggest that biofungicide Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 and bioinsectide azadirachtin may provide a good alternative to conventional chemicals. The study was funded by grant 451-03-47/2023-1/200214 of the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia.[https://zf.ugd.edu.mk/images/agronauka/books/Book_of_abstracts_2023.pdf
Postharvest fungal pathogens of peach fruit in Serbia
No full textPeach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is an important fruit crop which places Serbia among top five peach-producing countries in Europe. The production is seriously threatened by various plant pathogens that develop in the field during the growing season, as well as after harvest, during storage, shipping and marketing. Postharvest diseases caused by pathogenic fungi could pose significant concerns to producers because of economic losses they can cause, as well as to consumers because of toxic metabolites that they may produce. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the incidence of postharvest fruit rot, as well as to isolate and identify the main postharvest pathogens of peach fruit. During summer in 2021, mature symptomless peach fruit (cultivars ‘Red Haven’ and ‘Royal Glory’) were collected from two representative orchards in the main peach-growing area in Serbia. The fruit samples were individually packed in bags and incubated at room temperature for 10 days. Fruit rot development was observed daily, followed by the isolation of the causal agent from the diseased tissue. Derived isolates were identified based on pathogenic, morphological and molecular features. High level of postharvest fruit rot incidence was recorded, 70% of the fruit from the first and 44.3% from the second orchard. Numerous fungal species, belonging to 10 genera (Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Monilinia, Alternaria, Penicillium, Trichothecium, Fusarium, Botryosphaeria, Mucor, and Epicoccum) were identified. The most harmful pathogens were belonging to Rhizopus spp. that caused severe fruit rot after the incubation of three days. The second group of the most frequently found pathogens was Monilinia spp. Monilinia fructicola, the most destructive well-known peach pathogen was detected in both tested orchards.VI International Symposium on Postharvest Pathology: Innovation and Advanced Technologies for Managing Postharvest Pathogens, Limassol, Cypru