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Students' Preferences in Selection of Computer Science and Informatics Studies - A Comprehensive Empirical Case Study
No full textA selection of Computer Science, Informatics or similar study programs for academic studies evidently becomes an emerging choice of a vast number of students in recent years. To address some of the open questions, we performed an empirical study based on a survey, with a goal to find out the main motivating factors directing students to select computer science, informatics or similar programs for studying in a much greater extent. The survey was conducted on a sample of 1517 students from five well established, and most traditional faculties of computer science and informatics at three largest university cities in Serbia: Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Nis. The created sample is representative enough to illustrate the current situation and trends common for many similar societies. Our first analysis shows that the main motivating factor to select computer science or informatics study program at all faculties is the students' motivation to study just that topic, while at management faculty it is significantly less important. However, we also noticed that significant number of students wished to study something else but chose computer science and informatics due to possibility of finding jobs easier and of earning higher salaries in industry. The most important influential factors to choose a computer science or informatics major come from family members, and close relatives. The perceived brand and reputation of a faculty also plays a significant role. Students being examined prevalently tend to be satisfied with the faculty they have chosen. However, many of them see themselves leaving the country in a near or far future
A novel pseudo-polynomial approach for shortest paths problems
No full textThis article presents a novel shortest-paths algorithm for connected networks with non-negative edge weights. The worst case running time of the Single Source Shortest Path version of the algorithm is O(max(m, (epsilon) over cap(nu(s)))) where m is the number of edges of the input network, and (epsilon) over cap(nu(s)), the normalized eccentricity of the source vertex. The pseudo-polynomial nature of the time dependence is overcome with simple speed-up technique. The proposed approach can be implemented on a wide class of shortest-path problems. Approximate solutions can be easily maintained in the preprocessing phase. An experimental efficiency analysis shows that the proposed approach outperforms existing algorithms in total computing time. The proposed algorithm is efficient for all classes of networks and particularly for networks with small diameter
Transitions through lifelong learning: Implications for learning analytics
No full textThe ability to develop new skills and competencies is a central concept of lifelong learning. Research to date has largely focused on the processes and support individuals require to engage in upskilling, re-learning or training. However, there has been limited attention examining the types of support that are necessary to assist a learner's transition from “old” workplace contexts to “new”. Professionals often undergo significant restructuring of their knowledge, skills, and identities as they transition between career roles, industries, and sectors. Domains such as learning analytics (LA) have the potential to support learners as they use the analysis of fine-grained data collected from education technologies. However, we argue that to support transitions throughout lifelong learning, LA needs fundamentally new analytical and methodological approaches. To enable insights, research needs to capture and explain variability, dynamics, and causal interactions between different levels of individual development, at varying time scales. Scholarly conceptions of the context in which transitions occur are also required. Our interdisciplinary argument builds on the synthesis of literature about transitions in the range of disciplinary and thematic domains such as conceptual change, shifts between educational systems, and changing roles during life course. We highlight specific areas in research designs and current analytical methods that hinder insight into transformational changes during transitions. The paper concludes with starting points and frameworks that can advance research in this area
Measuring efficiency of health care system of OECD member countries during pandemic COVID-19
No full textIn this paper the health care efficiency of 32 OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries dealing with COVID-19 virus is analyzed. The efficiency of health care systems is measured in June 2021 and compared to the results from June 2020, taking into account the number of tested and the number of the recovered patients. The aim is to test whether the systems have adapted and managed to increase efficiency in the fight against corona virus. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method is one of the most used methods in health care system in general and it is used in this paper for efficiency analysis. This method represents nonparametric technique for relative efficiency measurement with heterogeneous inputs which produce or provide heterogeneous outputs. Beside the relative efficiency index, as a basic indicator, DEA is also providing preview of reference DMUs (Decision Making Units), which is important for efficiency improvement of inefficient DMUs. Also, this method is showing target values of inputs and outputs in order to determine the quantity of how much an inefficient unit needs to reduce (increase) its inputs (outputs) in order to become efficient. Comparing the efficiency analysis results from the two years, it is shown that the average efficiency level for 32 OECD countries increases
Some properties of e-quality function for network clustering
No full textOne of the most important properties of graphs that represents real complex systems is community structure, or clustering, i.e., organizing vertices in cohesive groups with high concentration of edges within individual groups and low concentration of edges between vertices in different groups. In this paper, we analyze Exponential Quality function for network clustering. We consider different classes of artificial networks from literature and analyze whether the maximization of Exponential Quality function tends to merge or split clusters in optimal partition even if they are unambiguously defined. Our theoretical results show that Exponential Quality function detects the expected and reasonable clusters in all classes of instances and the Modularity function does not
A Novel Approach to Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on Interpolative Boolean Algebra
No full textOne of the main issues in IFS theory are generalizations of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) definition as well as IFS operations. In this paper, we present the LBIFS-IBA approach by applying operations based on interpolative Boolean algebra (IBA) on generalized IFS. Namely, LBIFS are defined as a special case of Liu's generalized IFS with the maximal interpretational surface. By extending the interpretational surface, the descriptive power of the approach is enhanced, and therefore the problematic situations when (mu)A+nu(A)>1 can be modeled. In addition, IBA-based algebra secures Boolean properties of the proposed approach. Considerable attention is given to comprehension of uncertainty within LBIFS-IBA, i.e., we propose a novel manner of uncertainty interpretation by treating values from [-1,1] interval. In order to prove its importance, we compare LBIFS-IBA with several well-known IFS generalizations, showing that only our approach offers meaningful uncertainty interpretation is all selected cases. Additionally, we illustrate the practical benefits of LBIFS-IBA by applying it to an example of modeling Japanese candlesticks for price charting and paying special attention to uncertainty interpretation
Multi-level production process modeling language
No full textThe fourth industrial revolution introduces changes in traditional manufacturing systems and creates basis for a lot-size-one production. The complexity of production processes is significantly increased, alongside the need to enable efficient process simulation, execution, monitoring, real-time decision making and control. The main goal of our research is to define a methodological approach and a software solution in which the Model-Driven (MD) principles and Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) are used to create a framework for the formal description and automatic execution of production processes. In that way production process models are used as central artifacts to manage the production. In this paper, we analyze production process modeling domain and present a DSML which can be used to create production process models suitable for automatic generation of executable code. The generated code is used for automatic execution of production processes within a simulation or a shop floor. The language can be used to specify errors that may occur during the process execution and to specify error handling and corrective steps, too. The DSML is evaluated by different groups of users and the evaluation results are presented. Both the DSML and the accompanying modeling tool are still in the prototype phase, as they are created and evaluated in use cases covering just the assembly of goods. To enable wider application of the language and the tool, it is required to have additional use cases from different manufacturing domains
Quality perception and willingness to pay: The case of red wine with health-beneficial effects
No full textThis paper attempts to identify consumers' preferences toward red wine quality cues and willingness to pay (WTP) for wine with health-beneficial effects, thus clarifying the complex process of purchasing habits and patterns. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings from a case study conducted in Serbia show that consumer health-effect consciousness and household income are significant predictors of their WTP. On the other hand, health-conscious consumers are more inclined to intrinsic quality cues, while those who are willing to pay a higher price for a bottle of red wine are prone to extrinsic wine quality cues
Adopting xRM in Higher Education: E-Services Outside the Classroom
No full textThis paper explores the role of extended relationship management (xRM) in the higher education ecosystem. With the ultimate goal of the institution's future sustainable development, the university has developed and implemented a customized model of integrated e-services to foster a relationship with its leading stakeholder group-students. Furthermore, our study introduces a comprehensive model of xRM e-services. The main objective of this paper was to assess students' behavioral intentions, acceptance, and long-term usage of the xRM e-services. A theoretical model was developed based on the UTAUT2 framework. The evaluation of the acceptance and usage of the xRM e-services was assessed by using a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The results indicate that factors such as habit and effort expectancy have a significant relationship with students' behavioral intentions, while there is a strong positive influence of their intentions on actual use of the xRM e-services. The emergence of habit as the strongest predictor of behavioral intention indicates that the digitization of traditional touch-points has become an important part of students' everyday lives at university
Does a National Innovation System Encourage Sustainability? Lessons from the Construction Industry in Serbia
No full textInfluences from the modern business environment indicate the need for the incorporation of sustainability concepts from an innovation system perspective. In the presented research, we emphasize the energy efficiency concept within the frame of sustainability and innovation. The aim of this research was to underline and explore the relationships between innovation, energy efficiency, and sustainability in the construction industry. To answer the research questions, a questionnaire was created to explore the impact of the energy efficiency certification process on the innovation behavior of construction industry enterprises in Serbia. The results show that energy efficiency has supported innovation, and that there exists a relationship between sustainability and innovativeness in the construction industry. Applying energy efficiency passports has influenced the co-operation of enterprises in the construction sector and other actors in the national innovation system in Serbia. The innovation concept demonstrates that enterprises in the construction industry should be observed as a part of the wider picture-the national innovation system. In turn, the specific context of a particular national innovation system should be seen within the wider picture of national innovation systems of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs)