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Economic Development of EU Countries – Multivariate Outlier Detection
No full textThe measure of a country‟s economic development is one of the
most critical and highly debated issues in economic research. Different
approaches have been applied and numerous indicators have been
used in the process to do so. The aim of this research is to present one
synthesized indicator that can quantitatively point out any country‟s
development level. In this paper, the statistical I-distance method is
thoroughly explained and applied to 28 EU countries. Furthermore, an
improved method of I-distance (stepwise I-distance) procedure has
been used in order to examine statistical significance of each
development indicator. This procedure allows iterative exclusion of
statistically insignificant indicators, whereupon the final results are
obtained using the most important development indicators. Through
defined procedures for the elimination and/or selection of indicators,
the new method seeks to form an optimal set of indicators, while
reducing the dimension of the complex problem at hand. The stepwise
I-distance method takes into account the discriminatory power of each
of the indicators used. Accordingly, a unique I-distance value is formed
for each observation from the observed set. The research results show
that this method can be used to detect multivariate outliers
Employer brand communication in job advertisements
No full textKoncept brenda poslodavca se intenzivno razvija i predmet je interesovanja i istraživanja teoretičara i praktičara iz oblasti kako marketinga, tako i menadžmenta ljudskih resursa. Cilj istraživanja koje je predstavljeno u radu je da ispita sadržaj oglasa za posao najpoželjnijih poslodavaca u Srbiji, kao i da ispita u kojoj meri komuniciraju elemente koje potencijalni kandidati vrednuju kada procenjuju atraktivnost poslodavca. Analizom sadržaja utvrđeni su i klasifikovani sadržaji oglasa za posao najpoželjnijih poslodavaca u Srbiji. Analiziran je 291 oglas za posao 18 najpoželjnijih poslodavaca objavljenih na Infostud platformi u periodu mart-jun 2021. U istraživanju eksplorativnog tipa, urađena je kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza objavljenih oglasa za posao. Utvrđeno je da radno okruženje i mogućnosti za sticanje znanja u najvećoj meri čine sadržaj oglasa za posao najpoželjnijih poslodavaca u Srbiji. Pored toga, kada su niže pozicije u kompanijama u pitanju, češće se komuniciraju instrumentalni apsekti radnog mesta, odnosno informacije u vezi sa zaradom, bonusima i nagrađivanjem. Iako deo sadržaja oglasa nisu bili svi elementi kojima se opisuje poželjan poslodavac, utvrđeno je da najpoželjniji poslodavci u oglasima obraćaju pažnju na vizuelna rešenja, teme koje su prikazane na fotografijama, angažovanje zaposlenih u funkciji komunikacije brenda poslodavca, kao i da komuniciraju brendove proizvoda koje kompanija nudi.The concept of the employer brand has been developing intensively and it is the subject of interest and research of scholars and practitioners in the field of both marketing and human resource management. The aim of the research presented in the paper is to examine the content of job advertisements of the most desirable employers in Serbia, as well as to examine the extent to which they communicate the elements that potential candidates value when assessing the attractiveness of employers. By employing content analysis, the content of job advertisements of Serbian most attractive employers is determined and classified. In total, 291 job advertisements of 18 most desirable employers published on the Infostud platform in the period March-June 2021 were analyzed. In the exploratory research, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of published job advertisements was performed. The results of the research indicate that the content of job advertisements of the most desirable employers in Serbia most often communicates about the work environment and opportunities for acquiring knowledge. In addition, instrumental aspects of the workplace, ie information related to earnings, bonuses and rewards, are communicated more often for lower positions. Although not all elements describing the desired employer were part of the content of the advertisements, it was determined that the most desirable employers in the advertisements pay attention to visual solutions, topics shown in photos, engaging employees in communicating the employer's brand, and communication of product brands
Liquidity of enterprises and entrepreneurs of the Sector I: Accommodation and Food Services in the Republic of Serbia
No full textCilj rada je da se utvrdi nivo i kretanje likvidnosti privrednih društava i preduzetnika Sektora I-Usluge smeštaja i ishrane u Republici Srbiji u periodu od 2013. do 2020. godine. Za potrebe istraživanja korišćeni su zbirni podaci o poslovanju privrednih društava i preduzetnika koji posluju u okviru posmatranog sektora, a koje sastavlja i publikuje Agencija za privredne registre u formi Godišnjeg biltena finansijskih izveštaja. U radu je likvidnost merena racijom opšte likvidnosti, racijom redukovane likvidnosti, racijom gotovinske likvidnosti i neto obrtnim kapitalom. Utvrđeno je da, uz prisutne fluktuacije tokom posmatranog perioda, i privredna društva i preduzetnike karatkeriše niska vrednost pokazatelja likvidnosti, odnosno vrednosti ovih pokazateIja su ispod graničnih. Takođe, istraživanje pokazuje da je vrednost korišćenih pokazatelja likvidnosti, u najvećoj meri, na nešto višem nivou kod preduzetnika u odnosu na privredna društva.The aim of this paper is to determine the level and movement of liquidity of enterprises and entrepreneurs of Sector I-Accommodation and Food Services in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2013 to 2020. For the purposes of the research, summary data on the operations of enterprises and entrepreneurs operating within the observed sector were used, which are compiled and published by the Business Registers Agency in the form of the Financial Statements Annual Bulletin. In this paper, liquidity is measured by the current ratio, the quick ratio, the cash ratio and the net working capital. It was found that, with the fluctuations present during the observed period, both enterprises and entrepreneurs are characterized by a low value of liquidity indicators, ie the values of these indicators are below the limit. Also, the research shows that the value of the used liquidity indicators is, to a large extent, at a slightly higher level among entrepreneurs compared to enterprises
Towards a Domain-Specific Modeling Language for Extracting Event Logs from ERP Systems
No full textEnterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are often seen as viable sources of data for process mining analysis. To perform most of the existing process mining techniques, it is necessary to obtain a valid event log that is fully compliant with the eXtensible Event Stream (XES) standard. In ERP systems, such event logs are not available as the concept of business activity is missing. Extracting event data from an ERP database is not a trivial task and requires in-depth knowledge of the business processes and underlying data structure. Therefore, domain experts require proper techniques and tools for extracting event data from ERP databases. In this paper, we present the full specification of a domain-specific modeling language for facilitating the extraction of appropriate event data from transactional databases by domain experts. The modeling language has been developed to support complex ambiguous cases when using ERP systems. We demonstrate its applicability using a case study with real data and show that the language includes constructs that enable a domain expert to easily model data of interest in the log extraction step. The language provides sufficient information to extract and transform data from transactional ERP databases to the XES format
Model for ground crew scheduling problem at small airports: case of Serbia
No full textPresent-day airline industry is quite a competitive field and crew scheduling represents one of the crucial problems due to significant impact on the airline's cost. The crew scheduling problem is based on the assignment of crew members to operate different tasks of route. The main goal of this paper is to provide an analysis and a solution to one of the biggest problems detected on a small airport in the Serbia - the problem of ground crew scheduling. The paper presents the main characteristics, goals and limitations of a real-life problem identified at this small airport. In order to solve the problem, we developed a dynamic discrete simulation model. The model is developed in a spreadsheet environment of Microsoft Excel. Some of the main limitations found in the development of the model are strong constraints and multiple goals. The model presented in the paper is designed as a useful management tool for smaller airports and is aimed at the improvement of operative processes
Improving the effectiveness of downsizing by increasing the procedural fairness of required employee number determination methods
No full textDisertacija predstavlja rezultat višegodišnjeg naučno-istraživačkog i praktičnog rada. U svom prvom delu, disertacija obuhvata pregled dostupne literature iz oblasti daunsajzinga. Posebna pažnja je posvećena tačnom definisanju pojma daunsajzing i jasnom razlikovanju od drugih koncepata koji se vezuju za organizacione promene. Prikazano je različito shvatanje daunsajzinga među istraživačima, pre svega u pogledu obuhvata i pitanja da li se odnosi samo na organizacione promene koje se direktno tiču smanjenja broja zaposlenih, ili na organizacione promene koje imaju za cilj generalno smanjenje troškova i povećanje efikasnosti. Daunsajzing je u disertaciji posmatran holistički, kao koncept i organizaciona promena koja ima svoje uzroke i posledice. Mnogobrojni uzroci mogu dovesti do daunsajzinga. Pregled uzroka dat u disertaciji, bez obzira da li se radi o uzrocima iz okruženja organizacije ili o internim uzrocima, ukazuje na značaj teme, odnosno ukazuje na to da će daunsajzing uvek biti sastavni deo poslovanja. Posebno poglavlje u okviru pregleda relevantne literature je posvećeno samom procesu daunsajzinga, gde je daunsajzing analiziran kroz različite pristupe, ali i kroz konkretne strategije i taktike za sprovođenje daunsajzinga, na čemu je postavljena teorijska osnova kasnijeg istraživanja, koje je u središtu ciljeva i naučnih doprinosa disertacije. Iako literatura obiluje radovima i istraživanjima koja se odnose na koncepte organizacione pravednosti prilikom daunsajzinga, razmatrajući sve njene elemente, ipak postoje određeni istraživački jazovi. Utvrđeno je da nije bilo istraživanja koja su u svom fokusu imala način na koji je donošena odluka o potrebnom broju zaposlenih u organizaciji ili organizacionoj jedinici. Drugim rečima, istraživanja se nisu bavila odlukom koliko ljudi u daunsajzingu treba da ostane bez posla, već je u kontekstu sprovođenja daunsajzinga fokus bio na odluci ko treba da ostane bez posla. Na osnovu toga je postavljeno opšte istraživačko pitanje u disertaciji, gde je cilj utvrditi da li i način donošenja odluke o potrebnom broju zaposlenih, odnosno metode primenjene u tu svrhu imaju uticaj na stavove zaposlenih koji posle daunsajzinga nastavljaju da rade u organizaciji. U svrhu kompletiranja istraživačkog pitanja, sa posebnom pažnjom su obrađeni različiti ishodi koji se mogu očekivati od daunsajzinga, gde je fokus bio na individualnim ishodima, pre nego na organizacionim. Osnovno istraživačko pitanje je pretočeno u opštu hipotezu, od koje su daljom razradom dobijene tri posebne i devet pojedinačnih hipoteza. Za potrebe istraživanja razvijeni su konstrukti koji se odnose na karakteristike metode za utvrđivanje potrebnog broja zaposlenih: jasnoća, validnost i tačnost. Sa druge strane, iz literature su preuzeti koncepti motivacije, zadovoljstva organizacijom i namere za napuštanje organizacije. Devet pojedinačnih hipoteza pretpostavljaju uticaj između svih navedenih konstrukata i formiraju konceptualni model istraživanja. Sprovedeno je empirijsko istraživanje, kojim je obuhvaćeno 556 ispitanika iz različitih industrija, sa različitih hijerarhijskih nivoa, iz kompanija različitog porekla i sa različitom Poboljšanje efektivnosti daunsajzinga kroz povećanje proceduralne pravednosti metoda za određivanje potrebnog broja izvršilaca III vrstom delatnosti. Istraživačke hipoteze, i konceptualni model generalno, su testirane modeliranjem strukturalne jednačine, odnosno primenom SEM analize (eng. „Structural Equation Modeling“).The dissertation is the result of many years of scientific research and practical work. In its first part, the dissertation includes a review of the available literature in the field of downsizing. Special attention is paid to the precise definition of the term downsizing and a clear distinction from other concepts related to organizational change. A different comprehension of downsizing among researchers is presented, considering its scope and the question whether it refers only to organizational changes directly related to staff reductions, or to organizational changes that have the aim to generally reduce costs and increase efficiency. In this dissertation downsizing is viewed holistically, as a concept and organizational change that has its causes and consequences. Numerous causes can lead to downsizing, and an overview of the causes given in the dissertation, regardless of whether they are causes from the organization's environment or internal causes, indicates the importance of the topic, i.e. indicates that downsizing will always be an integral part of business. Within the review of relevant literature a special chapter is dedicated to the essence of the downsizing process, where downsizing is analyzed through different approaches to downsizing, but also through specific strategies and tactics for conducting downsizing, on which the theoretical basis of later research is laid, representing the center of the goals and scientific contributions of the dissertation. Although the literature abounds with papers and research related to the concepts of organizational justice in downsizing, considering all its elements, there are still certain research gaps. It was determined that there was no research that focused on the way the decision on the required number of employees in the organization or organizational unit was made. In other words, the focus of the research was not on the decision on how many employees should lose their jobs through downsizing, but rather on the decision on who should lose the job. Based on that, the general research question was asked in the dissertation, with the aim to determine whether the way of making a decision on the required number of employees, i.e. the methods applied for those purposes, have the impact on the attitude of employees who remain in organization after downsizing. In order to complete the research question, special attention was paid to the various outcomes that can be expected from downsizing, where the focus was on individual outcomes, rather than on organizational ones. The basic research question was translated into a general hypothesis, from which three special and nine individual hypotheses were obtained by further elaboration. For the purposes of the research, constructs have been developed that refer to the characteristics of the method for determining the required number of employees: clarity, validity and accuracy. On the other hand, the concepts of motivation, satisfaction with the organization and intentions to leave the organization are taken from the literature. Nine individual hypotheses assume the influence between all the above mentioned constructs and form a conceptual research model
Foreign Direct Investments' Impact on Economic Growth in Serbia
No full textAs a main input for economic growth and competitiveness, foreign direct investments (FDI) remain one of the most important sources in both emerging and developing countries. This study emphasizes the importance of FDI into Serbia's economy by analysing the forecasts between FDI, GDP, the unemployment rate and global competitive index (GCI). In this paper, authors focussed on a comparison of FDI inflows from China, Russia and the EU countries. According to the multiplicative and seasonal aspects of trend analysis considered, projections show a gradual increase in GDP, FDI, competitive ranks and a decrease in the unemployment rate for the following 5 years. These results shed light on the future potential directions under which investment and other public policies should be created. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed
On Basic Probability Logic Inequalities
No full textWe give some simple examples of applying some of the well-known elementary probability theory inequalities and properties in the field of logical argumentation. A probabilistic version of the hypothetical syllogism inference rule is as follows: if propositions A, B, C, A -> B, and B -> C have probabilities a, b, c, r, and s, respectively, then for probability p of A -> C, we have f(a,b,c,r,s) LT = p LT = g(a,b,c,r,s), for some functions f and g of given parameters. In this paper, after a short overview of known rules related to conjunction and disjunction, we proposed some probabilized forms of the hypothetical syllogism inference rule, with the best possible bounds for the probability of conclusion, covering simultaneously the probabilistic versions of both modus ponens and modus tollens rules, as already considered by Suppes, Hailperin, and Wagner
Two sides of the same coin: video annotations and in-video questions for active learning
No full textVideo in education has become pervasive. Globally, educators are recording instructional videos to augment their students' learning and, in many contexts, replace face-to-face lectures. However, the mere act of watching a video is primarily a passive learning experience likely leading to lack of student engagement hindering learning. Active learning strategies such as video annotations and in-video questions have the potential to shift the passive experience of watching an instructional video to a more active one by engaging students with learning strategies designed to promote self-regulated learning and improve content knowledge. This experimental study investigates the impact of in-video questions compared to video annotations on learning and self-efficacy in an experimental setting. Findings revealed that learners who annotated videos had higher self-efficacy than those who completed in-video questions likely due to the immediate feedback received from the in-video questions. The study further concluded that prior knowledge plays a critical role in selecting appropriate active learning strategies, suggesting that video annotations be considered when students have prior knowledge about a topic whereas in-video questions with immediate feedback be interspersed in videos when students do not have prior knowledge about a topic
Application of FAHP-PROMETHEE Hybrid Model for Prioritizing SMEs Failure Factors
No full textThere is no doubt that Bimal Nepal, Ph.D. (Associate Editor) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of one country. The aim of this paper is to rank SMEs failure factors in order to identify the most influential ones. Identification of the most influential factors can help SMEs develop an optimal strategy for improving a business environment and remove obstacles they encounter while conducting business. In addition, the existing and future entrepreneurs/managers would become aware of potential obstacles. Therefore, they would be able to prepare an appropriate response to overcome these obstacles. For the ranking of the failure factors of SMEs, the hybrid Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)-Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) model was used, which represents a new approach to ranking of the failure factors. The ABC method was applied to the obtained results in order to separate the group of the most influential factors. This group includes the following factors: Economic issues, Possibility of increasing capacity, Political issues, the Supply of electricity, Management of receivables/payables and Legislative issues. The obtained results indicate that the main problems which SMEs encounter come from the environment in which they operate, as well as from SMEs themselves. Therefore, there is an additional need to improve the business environment for SMEs, and also to identify these factors and resolve the problems in order to reduce the potential SMEs failure