RFOS - Repository of Faculty of Organizational Sciences Univ. of Belgrade
Not a member yet
2871 research outputs found
Sort by
A Novel Approach and a Language for Facilitating Collaborative Production Processes in Virtual Organizations Based on DLT Networks
No full textDue to strong competition and rapidly shifting market conditions, it is becoming harder for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to achieve business success. To deal with rising challenges, SMEs form Virtual Organizations (VOs) and seize business opportunities jointly. In this paper, we present an outline of a novel methodological approach that promotes trustworthy collaborative production execution within a non-hierarchical VO. Furthermore, we propose using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) platforms and smart contracts to facilitate VO integration. The approach is based on the MultiProLan Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) extended with concepts required to allow process designers to (i) model collaborative production processes while preserving the confidentiality of private enterprise data and (ii) configure what data should be shared between participants during the collaborative production execution. Designed process models are used to automatically generate smart contracts by following the Model-Driven (MD) principles. Finally, generated smart contracts are stored in a DLT network and used to distribute production data between VO participants and monitor production execution in near real-time. The application of our methodological approach is demonstrated by showcasing the use of the Collaborative Extension of MultiProLan (CE-MultiProLan) modeling language and its concepts for modeling collaborative production processes
Traditional and innovative aging technologies of distilled beverages: The influence on the quality and consumer preferences of aged spirit drinks
No full textSazrevanje je jedan od najvažnijih procesa proizvodnje visokokvalitetnih alkoholnih pića, uključujući viski, rakiju i konjak. Kontakt drveta i destilata je presudan korak za migraciju hemijskih jedinjenja koja evociraju nova senzorna svojstva konačnih proizvoda. Novi ukus je ugodan za vrlo široku grupu potrošača i zavisi od kulturološki uslovljenih preferencija. Da bi se demistifikovala glavna hemijska jedinjenja, koja doprinose aromi, njihovo povezivanje sa senzornim profilom alkoholnih pića, koja su starila u buradima je presudan korak za ubrzanje vrlo dugotrajnog procesa, bez smanjenja kvaliteta. Na obrasce konzumiranja alkoholnih pića uticali su promenjene sklonosti potrošača i povećana dostupnost različitih vrsta alkoholnih pića na tržištu. Izbor jedne vrste alkoholnih pića u odnosu na druge značajno je oblikovan spoljašnjim atributima pića i faktorima koji zavise od samih potrošača, ali izbor između različitih dostupnih opcija jedne vrste alkoholnog pića može se zasnivati na potrošačkoj percepciji njegovih specifičnih senzornih atributa. Stoga, kombinacija ukusa, arome, boje i drugih senzornih atributa alkoholnih pića može da oblikuje percipirani kvalitet od strane potrošača i generalno utiče na potencijal njihovog tržišnog uspeha.Aging is one of the most important processes in the production of high-quality spirits, including whisky, brandy and cognac. The contact between wood and distillates is a crucial step for the migration of chemical compounds, which evoke the novel sensory properties of the final products. Novel taste is pleasurable for a vast group of consumers and depends on cultural preferences. In order to demystify the main chemical compounds for aroma contribution, connecting them with a sensory profile of aged spirits is a crucial step in hastening the very timeless process without decreasing the quality. Consumption patterns of spirit drinks have been influenced by changed consumers' preferences and increased availability of different types of spirits on the market. Consumers' choice of one type of spirit drinks over others is significantly shaped by extrinsic attributes and consumer-based factors, but the choice among different available options of the single type of spirit may be based on consumers' perception of its specific sensory attributes. Therefore, the combination of taste, aroma, color and other sensory attributes of a spirit drink can shape consumers' perceived quality of the spirit and impact the potential of its market success in general
Current Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility in Serbia
No full textSerbia has the specific tradition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the still ongoing transition from planned and central to the market economy. Previous research showed that the concept of CSR is broadly perceived more in the context of philanthropy and financial support. In the last decade, practices of multinational companies which operate in Serbia have a high impact on how CSR is practiced and perceived in Serbia. We analyzed publically available reports and evidence related to the CSR practices of the top 100 companies operating in Serbia. Content analysis was conducted to determine how they practice and perceive CSR. To explore association within attributes of companies with areas and beneficiaries of their CSR practice we used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. The main findings presented in this chapter indicate that companies operating in Serbia generally perceive CSR practices in five main areas: Environment, Education, Health, Sports, and Volunteerism. Further, companies in Serbia are most familiar with CSR practices related to the environmental area, as well as, the volunteerism, and they recognize the local community, society in general, and vulnerable groups as main CSR beneficiaries. Company size and location are not proven to be in association with areas and beneficiaries of CSR practices. However, the MNCs have more categories of CSR beneficiaries comprehended, and they tend to develop CSR practices in which they consider the influence on society in general
The impact of production planning errors on wood floor production efficiency
No full textThe subject of research in this paper is the impact of production planning, as the first phase of production management, on productivity in a company for the production of wooden floors. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of research on the impact of errors that occur in the production planning phase on the productivity of wood floor production. The purpose of this paper arise from the need to point out to companies in the wood industry the importance of the impact of production planning on achieving a high level of its productivity. In order to determine the dependence of productivity on the impact of errors in the production planning phase, statistical modeling was performed, using correlation and regression analysis. The results of the conducted research indicate a significant impact of errors in the production planning phase on productivity, which is one of the most important indicators of production efficiency. This is confirmed by the negative value of the correlation coefficient between the length of production interruptions caused by errors in the planning phase, and production productivity
Investigating Oversampling Techniques for Fair Machine Learning Models
No full textApplying machine learning in real-world applications may have various implications on companies, but individuals as well. Besides obtaining lower costs, faster time to decision and higher accuracy of the decision, automation of decisions can lead to unethical and illegal consequences. More specifically, predictions can systematically discriminate against a certain group of people. This comes mainly due to dataset bias. In this paper, we investigate instances oversampling to improve fairness. We tried several strategies and two techniques, namely SMOTE and random oversampling. Besides traditional oversampling techniques, we tried oversampling of instances based on sensitive attributes as well (i.e. gender or race). We demonstrate on real-world datasets (Adult and COMPAS) that oversampling techniques increase fairness, without greater decrease in predictive accuracy. Oversampling improved fairness up to 15% and AUPRC up to 3% with a loss in AUC of 2%
Stakeholder Management and Project Sustainability-A Throw of the Dice
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the strategies that external stakeholders apply to influence sustainable projects. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we employed a qualitative case study approach considering the Serbian small hydro power plant project. For the purpose of this research, we developed a theoretical framework consisting of four types of different influence strategies, which were identified and then applied to our case. The results show that external stakeholders utilized all four strategies interchangeably, with the goal to influence the project and decision-makers. The case of the small hydro power plant project revealed certain relationships between influence strategies, as well as the intensity and direction of these relationships. It also revealed that external stakeholders were highly motivated by negative impacts on the environment. Five propositions were derived as a result of our research. This paper contributes not just to the project and stakeholder management literature but also to the practical knowledge of project managers. Understanding stakeholder actions and influence is essential to achieving project goals
Recognizing Predictors of Students' Emergency Remote Online Learning Satisfaction during COVID-19
No full textIn order not to lose continuity in education during COVID-19, universities mainly found the solution in Emergency remote teaching. Student satisfaction with online learning experience is one of the measures of the excellence of learning practice. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the predictors of students' satisfaction with emergency remote online learning are their prior experience, attitude toward online learning, their motivation, aspects of the learning situation they value (expectations), and their digital competencies. For estimating students' satisfaction, a survey was created and disseminated, resulting with 547 responses from students of engineering education. Results showed that all students had some experience with online learning platforms and MS Teams. Attitude toward online learning in this situation was neutral, as well as the level of motivation. Their expectations were relatively high in comparison to their satisfaction with all relevant aspects of the online learning situation, while their digital competency was rather perceived as advanced. Our results showed that the prediction of the emergency remote online learning satisfaction for engineering students can be achieved based on previous positive experience with learning platform, motivation for learning in a specific situation, the importance they put to the learning achievement, and their level of digital competency
Organizational changes in development process of technology startups
No full textOrganizational growth and development are spurred by changes that arise as a result of business development. These organizational changes are most often explained in theory as a reaction to the resulting crisis, which ends in a transition from one to the other stage of organizational development. While in theory this topic is significantly explored within the traditional organizational forms, the changes that arise in the process of development of new technology startups are insufficiently researched. In the process of reaching business success in a highly turbulent environment, these temporary organizations are looking for a repeatable and scalable business model that will continuously deliver value to a large number of customers. In the process of development of new technology startups, there is a need for continuous changes and alignment within the organizational elements in order to achieve their goals. This paper is focused on the key changes that happen in the early stages of developing technology startups, with the aim of elaborating the most important elements of these changes that should lead to the successful development of technology startups
Development of analog, digital and hybrid computing in Serbia 1950-1970
No full textIn times when Serbian computer engineers and scholars celebrate the 60th anniversary of digital computing, we turn to the very beginnings, and analyze how the experiences from early developments of analog, digital and hybrid computing in Serbia influenced the further development of economy, science, and education in the country. The goal of the article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the main Serbian projects of analog, digital and hybrid computers in the period 1950-1970, and describe their practical applications. The first analog computer in the Republic of Serbia was TARA-50, used for solving complex mathematical problems in various domains. Later, digital computers have become widely adopted, CER-10 being the very first computer used for statistical processing of information and cryptography for the government and scientific institutions. Finally, hybrid computers try to combine analog and digital technology. The most important model of a hybrid computer in the Republic of Serbia was HRS-100, developed in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences, and used for research, educational, health, and military applications in both countries. The presented projects have set up good research and educational basis and shaped the further development of computer science in Serbia, resulting in the fact that computer and IT services have become one of the most important factors of Serbian export during the 2010s
Tehnološki razvoj i pitanje radničkih prava
No full textApstrakt. Jedna od bitnih odlika savremenog tehnološkog razvoja je njegovo
ubrzavanje. On, u sadejstvu sa enormnim populacionim rastom, proizvodi mnoge
negativne tendencije vezane za društveni položaj savremenog radništva, koje, u
krajnjoj liniji, vode njegovom stalnom pogoršavanja. Nova tehničko-tehnološka
rešenja, sada već ubrzano, smanjuju potrebu za živim radom i to ne u proizvodnji već i
u uslužnim delatnostima. Posledica toga je povećavanje nezaposlenosti, privremene i
povremene zaposlenosti, uvećavanje prekarnog rada, socijalna marginalizacija
velikog broja ljudi, snižavanje zarada, produžavanje radnog vremena i slične pojave.
Perspektivno, ovi procesi vode povećavanju siromaštva i društvenih nejednakosti.
Ideološki koncept koji opravdava ovakvo stanje se naziva neoliberalizam. Njegova
pojava je većim delom vezana za raspad socijalističkih društvenih sistema, što je
dovelo do slabljenja međunarodnog radničkog pokreta i otupljivanja oštrice
sindikalnih borbi. U ovakvim uslovima, postavlja se pitanje kako prevazići negativne
tendencije razvoja. U opticaju je više ideja, kao što su skraćivanje radnog vremena ili
uvođenje obaveznog prihoda. Cilj ovakvih mera je da najbogatiji podele svoje
bogatstvo sa onima koji ostaju izbačeni iz radnog procesa.
Ključne reči: tehnološki razvoj, društvene nejednakosti, prekarni rad, sindrom
sagrevanja na poslu, digitalne platforme, obavezan prihod, radno vrem