RFOS - Repository of Faculty of Organizational Sciences Univ. of Belgrade
Not a member yet
2871 research outputs found
Sort by
Designing an IT Ecosystem for Pregnancy Care Management Based on Pervasive Technologies
No full textPregnancy care is a topic of interest for both academia and practitioners. Novel pervasive technologies and applications, such as mobile technologies, wearables and IoT, open a wide corpus of possibilities for fostering pregnancy care management, and reducing risks and problems, improving communication among stakeholders and society development. This article introduces a model of a pregnancy care IT ecosystem based on the integration of various services in a semantically enriched e-health ecosystem. As proof of concept, both the web and mobile applications that aim to help pregnant women and gynaecologists were designed and employed in a real environment. An evaluation of the developed ecosystem was performed on a sample of 500 pregnant women and 100 doctors. After pilot usage, a survey was used to collect the data from participants, and assess the acceptance of the developed system. Results show that quality, usability and usefulness are on a high level, and that both pregnant women and doctors are ready for more extensive use of the system. In addition, research findings imply that employing pervasive technologies could bring significant benefits to all the parties in pregnancy care systems
Profitability analysis of hotel companies in the Republic of Serbia
No full textSvrha istraživanja je da ispita nivo i kretanje pokazatelja profitabilnosti hotelijerskih preduzeća iz Republike Srbije u periodu od 2016. do 2019. godine. Istraživanje je izvršeno na uzorku od 100 hotelijerskih preduzeća, pri čemu je profitabilnost merena stopom poslovnog dobitka, stopom neto dobitka, stopom prinosa na ukupna sredstva i stopom prinosa na sopstveni kapital. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da vrednosti korišćenih pokazatelja profitabilnosti rastu u 2017. u odnosu na 2016. godinu, ali opadaju u 2018. i 2019. godini. Statističkom analizom je utvrđeno da promene stope poslovnog dobitka i stope neto dobitka tokom posmatranog četvorogodišnjeg perioda nisu statistički značajne, dok su pad vrednosti stope prinosa na ukupna sredstva u 2018. u odnosu na 2017. godinu i pad stope prinosa na sopstveni kapital u 2018. u odnosu na 2017. godinu i 2019. u odnosu na 2017. godinu, statistički značajni. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti od značaja za menadžment preduzeća, kao i za njegove vlasnike, jer omogućavaju sagledavanje nivoa profitabilnosti poverenih preduzeća, odnosno, preduzeća koja se nalaze u njegovom vlasništvu, ali i investitorima i kreatorima politike razvoja turizma.The purpose of the research is to examine the level and trends of profitability ratios of hotel companies operating in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2016 to 2019. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 hotel companies, where profitability was measured by the operating profit rate, the net profit rate, the rate of return on total assets and the rate of return on equity. The results of the research show that the values of the used profitability indicators have increased in 2017 compared to 2016, but decreased in 2018 and 2019. Statistical analysis found that changes in the operating profit rate and net profit rate during the observed four-year period were not statistically significant, while the decline in the value of the rate of return on total assets in 2018 compared to 2017 and the decline in the rate of return on equity in 2018 compared to 2017 and in 2019 compared to 2018 was statistically significant. The results of the research can be important for (1) the management of a company, (2) its owners, because they enable gaining an insight into the level of profitability of entrusted companies, i.e. the companies that are in the ownership, and (3) investors and creators of tourism development policy
The importance of development banks for financing climate change mitigation and adaptation
No full textClimate change and global negative consequences require measures to adapt to a more sustainable model of economic growth and development. Therefore, mitigating the harmful effects and promoting a sustainable and climate-resilient economy is a priority. One of the key roles in the process of transforming economies into a low-carbon future is played by development banks. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of development banks in climate finance through a review of the literature and analysis of data on climate finance of member states of the Development Assistance Committee within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2012-2018. A methodological approach to the analysis of existing theoretical starting points and empirical analysis of available secondary data was used. The expected contribution of this paper is to increase the visibility of the importance of development banks as channels for the distribution of climate finance, which were significant stakeholders in the transmission of climate finance from developed to less developed countries
Lean in High-Mix/Low-Volume industry: a systematic literature review
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore current state-of-the-art on lean in High-Mix/Low-Volume (HMLV) industry. For this purpose, authors propose a systematic literature review of 110 articles published in 66 peer-reviewed international journals that explicitly discuss lean in HMLV context. The purpose is to investigate research that is available, in order to analyse theoretical aspects of lean considerations in HMLV context, identify the level of lean maturity, the scope of lean, the way lean is implemented, and tools and practices that are commonly used. The results of the analysis show that current research is mainly focussed on practice, with little attention to theory development. The maturity of lean implementation is rather low, as articles mostly address obvious waste reduction, while more advanced concepts such as variability management and buffering remain under-researched. Studies are often operationally and internally oriented, with shop-floor improvements being the area of interest, while embedding lean in strategy is not sufficiently addressed. Lean implementation frameworks presented in the literature are usually tool-based, addressing a narrow set of simplified cases that do not take fully into account complexities of HMLV industry. Lastly, a rather narrow set of tools is used, with tools often being adapted without proper consideration of relevance of a certain tool for HMLV industry. As publications reviewing lean in HMLV context are scarce, this study presents valuable insight and serves as an excellent resource for research on the subject, since it not only presents the existing knowledge in a structured way, but also identifies possible directions for future research
Cognitive biases in marketing communication: Influence of anchoring and message framing on consumers' perception and willingness to purchase
No full textDok se u teoriji racionalnog donošenja odluka smatra da izbori koje vrše ljudi ostaju dosledni i predvidivi čak i u slučajevima kada se iste informacije predstavljaju na različite načine, u stvarnim situacijama odluke potrošači su pod uticajem njihovih ličnih karakteristika, navika, normi i ranijeg iskustva, kao i ograničenja ljudskih kognitivnih mehanizama. Generalno, pod heuristikama se podrazumevaju brzi kognitivni procesi u donošenju odluka koji ponekad mogu dovesti do pojave određenih pristrasnosti koje oblikuju konačne odluke. U marketinškoj komunikaciji, opšti kapacitet ljudi da prave kognitivne greške podstakao je primenu određenih principa prilikom formulisanja poruka kako bi se na taj način podstakli primaoci poruka da naprave predvidive kognitivne greške prilikom donošenja odluka. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je utvrđivanje kako podsticanje određenih kognitivnih pristrasnosti u marketinškoj komunikaciji može uticati na odluke primalaca poruka. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo primenu dve istraživačke metode - posmatranja i eksperimentalne metode. U čak 80% posmatranih oglasa registrovano je podsticanje bar jednog tipa kognitivne pristrasnosti. U obe eksperimentalne situacije pokazalo se da spremnost da se plati proizvod zavisi od načina formulisanja promotivne poruke.While in the theory of rational decision making, it is considered that people's choices remain consistent and predictable even in cases when same information is presented in different ways, in real situations consumers' decisions are affected by their personal characteristics, habits, norms and past experience, as well as limitations of human cognitive mechanisms. In general, heuristics can be perceived as fast cognitive processes in decision making which can sometimes lead to the occurrence of biases which shape the final decision. In marketing communication, the general capacity of people to make cognitive errors encourage the application of certain principles in formulation of messages in order to instigate recipients to make predictable cognitive errors when making decisions. The subject of the research is to determine how the encouragement of cognitive biase sin marketing communication can affect decisions of messages recipients. The research included the application of two research methods observation and experimental method. In as many as 80% of the observed advertisements, the encouragement of at least one cognitive bias was registered. In both experimental situations, it was shown that the willingness to pay for a product depends on the way the promotional message is formulated
Mathematical Modeling of Integral Characteristics of Repair Process under Maintenance Contracts
No full textThe repair rate is a very important parameter for system maintainability and can be defined as a frequency of successfully performed repair actions on a failed component per unit of time. This paper analyzes the integral characteristics of a stochastic repair rate for corresponding values of availability in a system operating under maintenance contracts. The probability density function (PDF) of the repair rate has been studied extensively and it was concluded that it is not a symmetric function so its mean value does not correspond to its maximum. Based on that, the equation for the envelope line of the PDF maximums of the repair rate has been provided. Namely, instead of repair rate PDF equations, we can use envelope line parameters for certain calculations, which are expressed in a simpler mathematical form. That will reduce time required for calculations and prediction and enhance reactions in failure events. Further, for the analytical and numerical evaluation of a system performance, the annual repair rate PDFs are analyzed, such as particular solutions of corresponding differential equation, while the existence of a singular solution is considered and analyzed under different conditions. Moreover, we derived optimal values of availability for which the PDF maximums have been obtained. Finally, in order to generalize the behavior of the repair process, a partial differential equation, as a function of the repair rate process and availability parameter, has been formed
The rise of corporate environmental responsibility in Serbian economy: The case of agri-food industry
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to investigate corporate environmental responsibility in the agri-food industry in the Republic of Serbia. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 112 managers of agri-food organizations operating in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, randomly selected from publicly available databases, using Computer Assisted Web Interview - CAWI technique. Data analysis in this study consisted of descriptive statistics. Univariate analysis was used through individual ranking statistics. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann Whitney U test were used to test the significance of differences. Research results show above average level of corporate environmental responsibility in agri-food business world in the Republic of Serbia, yet, not sufficiently high comparing to Serbian consumers view, leaving room for improvement. Food processing organizations proved to be the most sensitive to corporate environmental responsibility issue followed by food manufacturing organizations, and agri-food supply and distribution chain organizations the least
Decision Support System for Predicting the Number of No-Show Passengers in Airline Industry
No full textAirline decision about how many seats to allow to be overbooked is based on the expectation of the number of passengers who will not show up on a specific flight. This paper proposes a decision support system for predicting the number of no show passengers that combines the case-based reasoning (CBR) approach with Interpolative Boolean Algebra (IBA) and considers recommendations from both expert and algorithm. More precisely, recently proposed IBA similarity measure along with suitable aggregation operator is used for comparing alternatives in CBR algorithms. The proposed system was tested on the real-life data of the Belgrade-Amsterdam route. The obtained results show the necessity to include expert knowledge in the prediction process. Furthermore, the results are indicating that IBA-based models perform significantly better comparing to traditional distance-based models. The proposed expert system should contribute to an airline utilizing its inventory, which will further result in profit increase
Critical sustainability indicators identification and cause-effect relationships analysis for sustainable organization strategy based on fuzzy DEMATEL
No full textTraditionally, there was a common belief that the main role of successful organizations, especially in business, was to make profit. However, over the past decades, this belief proved to be wrong, since many organizations that had been making a lot of profit went bankrupt, while others persisted, and the main reasons were their adaptability and sustainability. In this research, we wanted to find out the indicators on the strategy level that leaders should take into account in order to make their organization sustainable in the most adaptive way. Our research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we handpicked 150 indicators and conducted a survey where decision makers were asked to rank them. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation were used on the chosen data to find if there was any correlation between the indicators and if they formed any groups. It was found that there were eight perspectives which described 69.38% of the entire sample. Therefore, we chose the indicators that best represented the perspectives. In the second phase, Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) was used to calculate if there were any cause-effect relationships between the indicators. The results show that in order to have a sustainable strategy, organizations need to consider eight perspectives, where the biggest weight belongs to the perspective of Learning. The perspective of Leadership is the second, and Finance perspective has the lowest weight. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the survival of organizations depends on their ability to learn, adapt to changes, and be more sustainable
Linguistic Patterns and Linguistic Styles for Requirements Specification: Focus on Data Entities
No full textRequirements specification includes technical concerns of an information system and is used throughout its life cycle. It allows for sharing the vision of the system among stakeholders and facilitates its development and operation processes. Natural languages are the most common form of requirements representation, however, they also exhibit characteristics that often introduce quality problems, such as inconsistency, incompleteness, and ambiguousness. This paper adopts the notions of linguistic pattern and linguistic style and discusses their relevance to produce better technical documentation. It focuses on the textual specification of data entities, which are elements commonly referred to throughout different types of requirements, like use cases, user stories, or functional requirements. This paper discusses how to textually represent the following elements: data entity, attribute, data type, data entity constraint, attribute constraint, and even cluster of data entities. This paper shows concrete examples and supports the discussion with three linguistic styles, represented by a rigorous requirements specification language and two informal controlled natural languages, one with a more compact and another with a more verbose, expressive, and complete representation. We analyzed how other languages cope with the representation of these data entity elements and complemented that analysis and comparison based on the PENS classification scheme. We conducted a pilot evaluation session with nineteen professional subjects who participated and provided encouraging feedback, with positive scores in all the analyzed dimensions. From this feedback, we preliminarily conclude that the adoption of these linguistic patterns would help to produce better requirements specifications written more systematically and consistently