REPONIVS - Repository of Scientific Institute for Veterinary Medicine of Serbia
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Enhanced biosecurity measures may contribute to the reduction of Campylobacter incidence in slaughterhouses
No full textAs a preventive measure, biosecurity is the first line of defense against many pathogens.
Applied biosecurity measures can reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter infection in commercial
broiler populations. A systematic evaluation, encompassing at least annual monitoring
of applied biosecurity measures and on‑farm prevalence of Campylobacter infection is
highly recommended.
This study was performed on three broiler farms with the aim to assess the effectiveness
of the biosecurity measures applied. Broiler farms included in the study previously had
problems with Campylobacter infections, and therefore, after the intervention through a
risk‑based scoring system and bacteriological testing of samples from the farm and the corresponding
carcasses in the slaughterhouse, several biosecurity measures were implemented.
Obtained results showed that after the intervention, farms increased their external biosecurity
by 16.34%, internal biosecurity by 22%, and overall biosecurity by 18.34%. The major
interventions concerned the removal of manure and carcasses, all improved measures taken
for feed and drinking water, and measures in the subcategory of cleaning and disinfection
protocols carried out between two production cycles. After the improvements, during the
screening process on the farms, Campylobacter was not isolated from pooled fecal samples
in any of the broiler houses. This indicates that at least six houses (two houses per farm)
were Campylobacter‑negative at broiler slaughter age. In pooled neck skin samples originating
from studied farms, Campylobacter was not isolated after the improved measures were
implemented.
The results showed that the assessment of biosecurity protocols on broiler farms is a useful
tool, and Campylobacter can serve as a biomarker for the efficiency of the implemented
biosecurity protocols.Special Issue dedicated to 62nd International Meat Industry Conference : Exploring Current Challenges and Future Perspectives in Food and Nutritio
Occurence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in domestic mountain horses in Serbia
No full textThe domestic mountain horse is an autochthonous breed of horse that originated in the Balkans, which, with the support of the fund for the protection of genetic resources, began to restore the population of this breed. Endoparasitic infections of horses represent a serious health problem in horse breeding. In order to better understand the bidiversity of endoparasites in domestic mountain horses kept freely on mountain pastures, the biodiversity of endoparasites in the population of domestic mountain horses in Serbia was examined in last few years. A total of 124 horses kept in a semi-free system were examined. by flotation methods During examinations adult tapeworms were seen in the feces, particularly in the fall, and typical eggs recovered by faecal flotation. Examining faecal samples for eggs 24-48 hours after treatment for tapeworms increases this sensitivity. By morphometric determination of proglottis, we established infection by Anoplocephala perfoliata. This parasite commonly occurs in grazing horses throughout the world but tends to be rare or absent in arid climates. Free-living and commonly occurring oribatid mites act as intermediate hosts, and horses accidentally ingest these while grazing. The mites carry the infective stage of the parasite, the cysticercoid, which is digested free of the mite’s tissue in the intestinal tract of the horse and forms a scolex. The scolices attach to the cecal wall and tend to cluster around the ileocecal valve. In cases of large burdens, worms can be found in the ileum as well. As the worms mature, they form proglottids (tapeworm segments), which are released into the intestinal content as they mature and fill with eggs. The proglottids subsequently disintegrate, releasing the eggs into the intestinal lumen. During our study, horses infected with anoplocephala did not show clinical symptoms of infection
Presence of Galleria mellonella, The Greater Wax Moth, in Apiaries in Serbia
No full textGalleria mellonella, the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family
Pyralidae. G. mellonella is found throughout the world. Males are able to generate ultrasonic
sound pulses, which, along with pheromones, are used in mating. G.mellonella do not attack
the bees directly, but feed on the shed exoskeletons of bee larvae and pollen that is found in
dark brood comb, which was used by the bees to hold the developing bees. The destruction of
the comb will spill or contaminate stored honey and may kill bee larvae. G. mellonella larvae
parasitize the honeybee. Eggs are laid in the cracks and crevices inside the hive, which
minimizes egg detection . Once eggs hatch, they feed on the midrib of the wax comb, the cast
skins of bee larvae, pollen, and small quantities of propolis and honey. Larvae that hatch tunnel
through the honeycombs that contain honeybee larva and their honey stores. The tunnels they
create are lined with silk, which entangles and starves emerging bees, a phenomenon known as
galleriasis. Tunnels also result in massive destruction of the combs. As a result, honey is wasted
as it leaks out when cell caps are eaten. Finally, both G. mellonella adults and larvae can be
vectors for pathogens that can infect honeybees, including the Israeli acute paralysis virus
(IAPV) and the black queen cell virus (BQCV). During research conducted in apiaries in Serbia,
the presence of greater wax moth was established in approximately 2.3% of apiaries. The
damage caused by it did not cause the death of colonies, but caused great economic losses in
the production of bee products. They also weakened colonies so that in 40% of infected apiaries
we found infections with BQCV in addition to greater wax moth.February 27-28, 2023, Adana, Türkİy
Trace elements in soil intended for grass cultivation
No full textTrace elements include microelements and heavy metals. Some of them are essential for
plant nourishment, but when used in greater amounts, they are harmful to the environment.
There are also trace amounts of other elements (Cd, Hg, and Pb) in the soil, although these
are not essential to plants and are major soil pollutants. Microelements are crucial to plant
nutrition and are necessary for healthy plant growth and development. They have a role as
cofactors and take part in a number of metabolic activities, including respiration and
photosynthesis. Rocks (minerals), the fundamental substrate on which the soils were
formed, are where microelements and heavy metals in the soil originate. The majority of
the time, the naturally occurring concentration of heavy metals in soil is modest and has
no effect on the agro-ecosystem's pollution. Trace elements can reach the soil in a variety
of ways, and how they behave there depends on the kind and source of the substance. Most
frequently, they enter the soil through a variety of anthropogenic methods, including
transportation, burning fossil fuels, extraction and smelting, the production of non-ferrous
metals, collection of urban and industrial waste, use of waste sludge and other waste as
fertilizer, irrigation, atmospheric deposition from industrialand urban emissions, as well as
the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. This research was conducted in
order to determine trace elements in soil intended for growing grass in the territory of
Vojvodina, Sremski district, geographical coordinates 44.96003149334459,
20.27415379860020. Trace elements were determined using Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy using PinAAcle 900T (PerkinElmer, US). The results of the test gave the
average level of the content of trace elements, which is: Cd (0.15 ± 0.03), Cu (12.08 ±
3.04), Pb (26.46 ± 5.45), Zn (24.74 ± 1.24), Hg (0.03 ± 0.01), As (4.68 ± 0.87), and Fe
(89.30 ± 17.51) mg/kg. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that the
concentration of trace elements in the tested soil was below the established maximum
allowed values according to national and European regulations
Chalkbrood disease in honey bees
No full textChalkbrood disease is a fungal disease caused by Ascosphaera apis. Once in a hive, the spores are
accidentally ingested by the larvae. Larvae that are three-to-four days old are particularly susceptible to
infection. Once the fungal spores are eaten, they pass into the larval gut where they germinate and grow
into adult organisms. If the spores are not eaten, they cannot germinate or infect the brood. After a spore
germinates in the larval gut, it quickly grows a mycelium — an intertwined network of filaments that
behave like roots. Each filament grows out from the main body of the fungus in search of water and
nutrients that are used to fuel the organism and produce more spores. The Ascosphaera apis grows so
many of these filaments (often called hyphae) that the brood cell becomes completely stuffed with them.
The filaments steal all the nutrients from the larval host, killing it in the process. The mycelium grows
so prolifically that it eventually forms a mummy, a hardened mass in the shape of the brood cell. The
color of chalkbrood ranges from white to grey then starts to turn black when the fungus is producing
spores or fruiting bodies and ready to reproduce. This is the most infectious stage of chalkbrood. The
black looking mummies are often what you see on the bottom board, outside on the entrance or in front
of the hive. At this point these mummies can spread spores to other colonies in the area. Infected cells
are most often seen on the outer edges of the brood nest. The cell caps may be intact but flattened, they
may have small holes, or they may be partially removed. If the disease is severe, the remaining brood
may appeared scattered and sparse, due to the removal of so many mummies
Pathogenesis of laminitis in dairy cows
No full textThe lameness is the earliest but also the most important clinical symptom of the acropodium disease in cattle. According to literature data, in 90% of cases, the cause of lameness is localized in the hooves, and in 10% of cases it is in other anatomical parts of the limb. In 88% of cases, the pathological process has been manifested at the hind limbs. Laminitis is an aseptic inflammation of the corium of the hooves. In addition to mechanical overloading of the hooves, the toxic causes are also addressed as the causes of this disease. Longer feeding with rapidly digested concentrate, rumen acidosis, sudden change of food components, especially diet with green barley, oat, freshly harvested young legumes and nutrition with molded food, can lead to laminitis. Laminitis is often the result of impact of a large number of factors, such as metabolic and digestive disorders, calving stress, mastitis, metritis, abomasal displacement, bedding without or with very little straw, inability to move, obesity and poor diet. The ration that leads to acidosis also leads to laminitis. Such a ration is difficult to correct in a case when the carbohydrates are present in highest percentage. Vasoactive substances (histamine), which enter the bloodstream from rumen, are considered to lead to damage of the hoof corium. Metabolic disorder is caused by a low pH of rumen, which leads to pathophysiological disorders, which eventually result in the ischemia of the hoof corium and clinically manifest laminitis (leg disposal due to pain, and sometimes forced lying). In addition to histamine and bacterial endotoxins, milk acids and others biologically active substances are believed to contribute to the onset of this disease. The application of basic principles of the nutrition of the lactating cows can prevent the appearance of laminitis and therefore the appearance of economic losses due to lameness.Related to a Serbian-language version of the following article: https://reponivs.nivs.rs/handle/123456789/105
Istraživanje o mišljenju studenata prve i završne godine Fakulteta veterinarske medicine o pravima i dobrobiti životinja
No full textU današnje vreme uloga životinja u društvu je promenjena. Životinje se više ne posmatraju kao vlasništvo, već kao živa bića. Kada je u pitanju veterinarska medicina, takođe postoje promene u interesovanjima između muškaraca i žena, kao i profesionalnim preferencijama. Studije su pokazale da pol i briga za dobrobit životinja takođe utiču na nivo zabrinutosti za zdravlje životinja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se proceni razlika u mišljenju između studenata prve i završne godine veterinarske medicine u odnosu na etičke dileme i dobrobit životinja. U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 200 studenata veterinarske medicine prve i završne godine. Survey Monkey je korišćen za prikupljanje informacija, a anketa se sastojala od deset pitanja. Rezultati su podeljeni na demografske podatke, etičke dileme u oblasti prava životinja i mišljenje o eutanaziji. Nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika između odnosa polova i mesta odrastanja ispitivanih studenata. Skoro polovina studenata prve godine (49%) iskazala je želju da radi sa socijalnim životinjama, a samo 11% sa farmskim životinjama. Kada je reč o studentima završne godine, većina njih takođe želi da radi sa socijalnim životinjama (36%), ali postoji i interesovanje za rad sa farmskim životinjama (20%). Na razlike u mišljenju o pravima životinja i eutanaziji više je uticao pol studenata u poređenju sa godinom studija. Istraživanje je pokazalo da u populaciji studenata postoji smanjena zainteresovanost za bavljenje praksom farmskih životinja, i da je to oblast kojoj treba posvetiti više pažnje. Takođe, neophodno je više usmeravati studente za oblasti njihovog interesovanja tokom studiranja, da bi kada steknu diplomu mogli odmah znati u kojoj oblasti veterinarske delatnosti žele da rade
The hygienic assessment of dairy products' selling places at open markets
No full textSmall scale dairy producers, who are often also the sellers of dairy products, are the ones responsible for ensuring food safety conditions all throughout the food distribution chain. Food contamination may appear in any part of the food chain including sale, due to cross-contamination that can occur caused by wide varieties of food offered at open markets, improper food handling, contaminated equipment, and poor personal hygiene. An observational study was conducted to determine the hygienic conditions of artisan dairy products' selling places at open markets. In addition, dairy products' sellers were interviewed to obtain complementary data regarding hygiene conditions at the households, as well as during transportation and sale at the open market. The research included 293 selling places and 279 dairy products' sellers from 43 open markets located in different parts of the Republic of Serbia. Based on a total hygiene assessment score (HAS) calculated for each selling place, acceptable, marginal acceptable and unacceptable group of selling places were identified. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify a group of potentially more risky selling places, and resulted in two identified clusters. The differences between hygiene conditions among clusters were mainly influenced by their position at the open market. The establishment and maintenance of a cold chain needs to be improved as one of the most important prerequisites of food safety, especially for those selling places located at an open place. The obtained results suggest the need for additional training and raising awareness of small dairy producers regarding the importance of hygiene during production, distribution and sale of dairy products
Značaj adekvatnog nivoa celuloze u ishrani krmača
No full textU ishrani svinja, vlakna oduvek predstavljaju energetski razređivač potpunih smeša. U novije
vreme, dijetalna vlakna se definišu kao deo ugljenih hidrata koji je nesvarljiv za enzime koji se
luče u gastrointestinalnom traktu sisara. Savremeni način koncipiranja smeša za suprasne i dojne
krmače podrazumeva korišćenje jedne od kategorija nesvarljivih dijetalnih vlakana - celuloze iz
različitih hraniva sa ciljem ublažavanja osećaja gladi i sprečavanja konstipacije tokom graviditeta
sa ograničenom energetskom vrednošću obroka u svrhu povećanja broja živorođenih prasadi po
leglu. Međutim, dijetalna vlakna su grupa ugljenih hidrata sa svojstvima koja variraju u zavisnosti
od botaničkog porekla vlakana, tehnike obrade i drugih faktora koji zavise od krmače kao što su
starost, fiziološko stanje, količina unesene hrane i sastav gastrointestinalne mikrobiote. Ipak,
upotrebom savremene analitike i preciznim formulacijama, moguće je upotrebom dijetalnih
vlakana ostvariti pozitivne efekte sa aspekta reproduktivnih performansi, ali i dobrobiti krmača.
Pored već utvrđenih efekata korišćenja vlakana, potrebno je utvrditi koja svojstva dijetalna vlakna
su najefikasnija kod izazivanja promena u endokrinom sistemu i folikularne tečnosti jajnika, kako
bi se ostvario krajnji cilj preživljavanja embriona i otpornosti potomstva. Naučna istraživanja su
usmerena na temu korišćenja naprednih tehnika za karakterizaciju komponenti dijetalnih vlakana,
a rezultate ovakvih istraživanja treba implementirati u savremene nutritivne strategije
Parasitic fauna of nutria (Myocastor coypus) in the Republic of Serbia
No full textNutrije (Myocastor coypus) su invazivna južnoamerička vrsta velikih glodara
čija je populacija na teritoriji Republike Srbije stabilna i brojna. Nekada
gajeni zbog krzna, danas naseljavaju sve kontinente osim Okeanije i
Antarktika. Nutrije žive na vlažnim staništima, uz obale većih reka i
drugih vodenih površina. Iako su pretežno biljojedi, mogu ce hraniti i
hranom životinjskog porekla, kao što su lešine, insekti, mali sisari i
ptice, ribe i mekušci. U zemljama gde se koriste u ishrani ljudi opisani su
slučajevi infekcije sa Trichinella spp. posle konzumiranja mesa nutrija. O
prisustvu parazita kod nutrija postoje oskudni podaci iz literature, a među
zabeleženim vrstama parazita po značaju se ističe Echinococcus multilocularis
čija su rezervoarna vrsta u prirodi. Cilj našeg rada je bio da sagledamo
parazitsku faunu nutrija Srbije, invazivne vrste o čijoj se biologiji i
bolestima malo zna.
Tokom 2022. i 2023. godine, legalno je izlovljen ukupno 101 primerak (15
juvenilnih, 8 subadulta i 78 adulta) nutrija, koje su dostavljene Odeljenju za
patologiju Naučnog instituta za veterinarstvo Srbije. Spoljašnjim
pregledom, nije utvrđeno prisustvo ektoparazita. Posle izvršene obdukcije,
iz creva su izolovani adulti crevnih parazita i izvršena je morfološka
identifikacija do nivoa roda i vrsta. Preliminarni rezultati su pokazali
prisustvo unutrašnjih parazita kod 12 primeraka i to kod 11 adulta i 1
juvenilnog primerka. Morfološkom determinacijom ustanovljeno je
prisustvo adulta Echinococcus multilocularis. Takođe, uzeti su uzorci jezika
i/ili žvakaćih mišića od ukupno 90 nutrija radi pregleda na prisustvo larvi
Trichinella spp. metodom veštačke digestije. Prisustvo larvi Trichinella spp.
nije utvrđeno u pregledanim uzorcima.
Po našem saznanju, ovo su prvi dokazi prisustva parazita Echinococcus
multilocularis i odsustva larvi Trichinella spp. u populaciji nutrija u
Republici Srbiji. Radi boljeg sagledavanja uloge ove vrste u prirodnim
ciklusima parazita, potrebna su dalja istraživanja.Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is an invasive rodent species native for South America,
whose population is stable and numerous in the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
This species has been bred by humans because of its fur for decades before it became
widespread in all continents apart from Antarctic and Oceania. Nutria lives in
wetlands, along the banks of larger rivers and other water bodies. Although they are
predominately herbivores, they can also feed on food of animal origin, as carcasses,
insects, small mammals and birds, fish or molluscs. In the countries where nutria is
used as food, the infections of humans with Trichinella spp. were described. There is
limited literature data on the presence of parasites in nutria, but with existing records
on important parasites such as Echinococcus multilocularis for which nutria is
reservoir species. The aim of our research was to get insight in the parasitic fauna of
nutria in Serbia, an invasive species whose biology and diseases remain unstudied.
During 2022 and 2023, total of 101 nutria specimens were legally hunted (15 juvenile,
8 subadults and 78 adults), and transported to Pathology department of the Scientific
Veterinary Institute of Serbia. After outer inspection of the specimens no ectoparasites
were found. After autopsy, from the intestine adult parasites were isolated and a
morphological determination of species was performed. The parasites were found in
12 specimens from which 11 were adults and 1 was juvenile. Using morphological
determination, the presence of adult Echinococcus multilocularis was established.
Furthermore, samples of tongue and/or jaw musculature were taken from 90
specimens for the determination of presence of Trichinella spp. larvae using artificial
digestion method. There was no Trichinella spp. present in our samples.
To the best of our knowledge, these are the first evidence of Echinococcus
multilocularis presence and Trichinella spp. absence in nutria population of Serbia.
To better understand the role of this species in natural cycles of parasites, further
research is needed